scholarly journals The effects of plyometric training with additional weight applied to football athletes-students on some physical and physiological features and chronic muscle damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-424
Author(s):  
Tayfun Şirin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Additional Weight

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of plyometric training with additional weight on physical performance and muscle damage findings in faculty of sports sciences athlete-students. Physical performance tests and blood samples of the athlete-students (male 23.41 ± 3.2 years old) were collected both from sample and the control groups at the first week of the study  and at the last training of the twelfth week. During the study, plyometric training programs were applied to the additional weight  group (AWG)  and no additional weight group (AG).  By the end of first and twelfth week, players’ BMI and body fat percentage tests were applied together with the physical tests of shuttle, yoyo, vertical jump, horizontal jump, agility and sprint performance tests. Blood samples were also taken to check muscle damage control markers (CK and LDH). Results: According to the results of tests performed at the end of first and twelfth weeks’ plyometric trainings on group with additional weight group (AWG), shuttle, yoyo and horizontal jumping were found to be significantly increased, while sprint performance, BMI and body fat performance tests were significantly decreased. The test results of the group without additional weight (AG) was; significant increase in shuttle, yoyo and vertical jump while significant decrease in sprint performance and fat %. By the end of twelve week plyometric trainings, no muscle damage has been observed in (AWG), CK pre-training (229,00 ± 155,25) and post training values (242,33 ± 193,67)  and LDH pre-training (169,75 ± 40,85) and post-training (174,33 ± 39,12) values.  As a result of the study, 12-week plyometric training with additional weight applied to football  athletes-students not only increased their physical performance, but also muscle damage (CK and LDH) was not observed.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Plyometric Training on Agility, Jump and Repeated Sprint Performance in Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2274
Author(s):  
Marcin Maciejczyk ◽  
Renata Błyszczuk ◽  
Aleksander Drwal ◽  
Beata Nowak ◽  
Marek Strzała
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of short-term (4 weeks, twice a week: 8 sessions) plyometric training on agility, jump, and repeated sprint performance in female soccer players. The study comprised 17 females performing this sports discipline. The players were randomly divided into two groups: with plyometric training (PLY) and the control (CON). All players followed the same training program, but the PLY group also performed plyometric exercises. Tests used to evaluate physical performance were carried out immediately before and after PLY. After implementing the short PLY training, significant improvement in jump performance (squat jump: p = 0.04, ES = 0.48, countermovement jump: p = 0.009, ES = 0.42) and agility (p = 0.003, ES = 0.7) was noted in the PLY group. In the CON group, no significant (p > 0.05) changes in physical performance were observed. In contrast, PLY did not improve repeated sprint performance (p > 0.05) among female soccer players. In our research, it was shown that PLY can also be effective when performed for only 4 weeks instead of the 6–12 weeks typically applied.

Comparison of Physical Performance Characteristics of Female and Male Ice Hockey Players

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Bracko ◽  
Gilbert W. Fellingham
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Hockey Players

Fifty-four female and 77 male hockey players ranging in age from 10–15 years volunteered for this study. Demographic data included: age (AGE) and years of playing experience (YPE). Off-ice tests included: height (HGT), body mass (BM), lean body mass (LBM), predicted body fat % (FAT%), 40-yard dash (40YD), vertical jump (VJ), push-ups/min (PUPS), sit-ups/min (SUPS), and sit-and-reach flexibility (S&R). On-ice performance skating tests included: acceleration (ACC), agility (AGL), and speed (SPD). On-ice anaerobic power (AnPow) was calculated using the formula of Watson and Sargeant (IS). Generally speaking, the females and males in this study had similar results in office fitness. The males consistently out-performed the females in the on-ice tests. It would be difficult for females to compete with or against same-aged males based on the fact that males are superior skaters.

scholarly journals Field-Based Performance Tests Are Related to Body Fat Percentage and Fat-Free Mass, But Not Body Mass Index, in Youth Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Esco ◽  
Michael Fedewa ◽  
Zackary Cicone ◽  
Oleg Sinelnikov ◽  
Damir Sekulic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Youth Soccer

The primary aim of this study was to determine the association between body composition and performance outcomes in youth soccer players. Twenty-five competitive male youth soccer players (age = 13.7 ± 0.8 years, height = 167.4 ± 9.7 cm, weight = 57.6 ± 12.1 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Height and weight were used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Body fat percentage (BF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Each athlete performed the Pacer test, vertical jump, and t-test drill. Participants were predominantly normal weight (20.4 ± 2.7 kg·m−2). The body composition results were 20.3 ± 4.9% for BF% and 46.5 ± 8.7 kg for FFM. The results of the performance tests indicated a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 1418 ± 332 m for Pacer, 57.2 ± 7.4 cm for vertical jump, 11.6 ± 0.7 s for t-test. Body mass index was not associated with any performance measure (r = 0.02 to −0.21, all p > 0.05). Body fat percentage was associated with the Pacer, vertical jump, and t-test (r = −0.62, −0.57, 0.61, respectively; all p < 0.01) and remained after accounting for BMI. Fat-free mass was only significantly related to t-test (r = −0.43, p < 0.01). However, after controlling for BMI, FFM was related to all three performance tests. Body fat percentage and FFM are associated with performance in youth soccer players, with stronger relationships reported in the former metric. The findings highlight the need for accurate body composition measurements as part of an assessment battery in young athletes.

The Effects of Aquatic Plyometric Training on Repeated Jumps, Drop Jumps and Muscle Damage

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jurado-Lavanant ◽  
J. Alvero-Cruz ◽  
F. Pareja-Blanco ◽  
C. Melero-Romero ◽  
D. Rodríguez-Rosell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Jump Test

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of land- vs. aquatic based plyometric training programs on the drop jump, repeated jump performance and muscle damage. Sixty-five male students were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: aquatic plyometric training group (APT), plyometric training group (PT) and control group (CG). Both experimental groups trained twice a week for 10 weeks performing the same number of sets and total jumps. The following variables were measured prior to, halfway through and after the training programs: creatine kinase (CK) concentration, maximal height during a drop jump from the height of 30 (DJ30) and 50 cm (DJ50), and mean height during a repeated vertical jump test (RJ). The training program resulted in a significant increase (P<0.01–0.001) in RJ, DJ30, and DJ50 for PT, whereas neither APT nor CG reached any significant improvement APT showed likely/possibly improvements on DJ30 and DJ50, respectively. Greater intra-group Effect Size in CK was found for PT when compared to APT. In conclusion, although APT seems to be a safe alternative method for reducing the stress produced on the musculoskeletal system by plyometric training, PT produced greater gains on reactive jumps performance than APT.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of taekwondo athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Formalioni ◽  
Bruno Fernandes Antunez ◽  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio ◽  
Léo Dutra Cabistany ◽  
Victor Silveira Coswig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Senior Athletes ◽  
The City

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to measure anthropometric and physical performance variables of TKD athletes from the city of Pelotas - RS. Forty-five athletes aged 16.4 ± 5.2 years and time of practice of 3.25 ± 3.6 years were evaluated. Athletes performed anthropometric evaluation and physical, general and specific performance tests. In the sum of seven skin folds, men presented lower values ??(106.1 ± 49.5 mm versus 143.4 ± 43.2 mm, p <0.002). Male seniors presented better performance in the vertical jump compared to beginners (42.3 ± 8.5cm versus 24.8 ± 10.1cm, p <0.03) and to women (22.1 ± 4.3cm, p <0.03). Graduated individuals perform higher number of arm pushups than beginners and women and more repetitions in the abdominal test. Male junior and senior athletes had higher isometric handgrip strength than females (48.3 ± 3.9 kgf and 38.1 ± 12.6 kgf versus 29 ± 5.6 kgf, p <0.001). Men covered longer distance in the yo-yo test than women (606.6 ± 233.8m versus 200 ± 113.1m, p <0.001). In the Wingate test, men produced greater peak and average relative power. No differences in flexibility were observed. In the single kick test, seniors kicked faster than less experienced athletes (200.6 ± 12.3m / s versus 258 ± 5.6m / s, p <0.001) and performed greater number of kicks in the 21s, 6 ± 2.1 reps versus 15.5 ± 0.7 reps, p <0.001). It was concluded that there are differences between male and female TKD athletes regarding anthropometric and motor characteristics, and that more experienced athletes exhibit greater general and specific physical fitness.

scholarly journals Diurnal Variations in Physical Performance: Are There Morning-to-Evening Differences in Elite Male Handball Players?

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubomir Pavlović ◽  
Nenad Stojiljković ◽  
Nikola Aksović ◽  
Emilija Stojanović ◽  
Zoran Valdevit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Squat Jumps

Abstract The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) morning-to-evening differences in physical performance with and without a ball; and 2) associations between sleep outcomes (duration and quality) and physical performance in handball players. Sixteen elite, male handball players (25.4 ± 5.8 yr, 94.0 ± 7.4 kg, 193.5 ± 7.5 cm) completed physical performance tests without a ball (a zig-zag test assessing closed-skill agility, linear sprints, and countermovement (CMJ) and squat jumps) and with a ball (a zig-zag test and linear sprints) in the morning and evening. In addition, sleep quality and quantity during the night before testing were obtained using self-reported measures. Superior physical performance was evident in all tests during the evening compared to the morning hours (p < 0.003). Specifically, jump height was moderately (effect size (ES) = 0.73 to 1.02) higher during the evening. Similarly, moderate (ES = 1.17) and large (ES = 1.67) improvements in zig-zag test performance were apparent during the evening with and without the ball, respectively. Also, large to very large (ES = 1.29 to 2.09) increases in sprint performance with and without the ball were evident in the evening. No significant correlations (p > 0.05) were apparent between sleep duration and quality and physical performance in both the morning and evening sessions. Diurnal variations in physical performance were apparent in elite male handball players with enhanced performance with and without the ball in the evening compared to morning hours. These findings indicate that morning-to-evening differences in physical performance should be considered when developing conditioning plans or preparing for competition in handball.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF PRE-SEASON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE TESTS IN IDENTIFYING IN-SEASON LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES IN ADOLESCENT GYMNASTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0014
Author(s):  
Danielle A Farzanegan ◽  
Emily Francione ◽  
Nicole Melfi
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Background: Artistic competitive gymnastics results in a wide, unique spectrum of injuries. Due to the high number of injuries and the current lack of research related to pre-competitive testing in adolescent gymnasts, it is crucial to find a method to predict the likelihood of an athlete sustaining an in-season injury. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to 1) describe the frequency and type of pre-season and in-season injuries, 2) determine if there were differences in physical performance tests between those who had a lower extremity (LE) injury in-season and those who did not, and 3) determine if there were differences in age, level, sex, BMI, sport modifications, previous injury, and current injury between those who had a LE injury and those who didn’t. Methods: Thirty-seven adolescent gymnasts (average age: 12.81 years) were included with levels ranging from 5 (novice) to 10 (elite). Participants (15 males and 22 females) were surveyed for previous and current injury. The athletes completed a performance battery before the competition season including: Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (LQYBT), Closed Kinetic Chain dorsiflexion (CKCDF), single hop (SH), triple hop (TH), and the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). Follow-up data was collected at the end of the competitive season for comparison. The data was analyzed using descriptive methods and comparative analyses including chi-square and independent t-tests with an alpha level set at .05. Results: Sixty-five percent reported an injury in the last year and seventy-eight percent reported pre-season injuries at testing day. The most common location for pre-season injury was the ankle/foot (24% and 31% respectively). There were no differences between injured and non-injured athletes when comparing asymmetries in CKCDF, LQYBT posteromedial or posterolateral reach, hop testing, or FMS. The LQYBT-anterior scores were significantly different at p=.049 between the injured versus uninjured groups, with 91% of the in-season injury group having a difference <4cm. Similarly, the LQYBT-composite score using a cut-off of 95% was significant at p=.043 with those >95% category being more likely to get injured. There were no significant differences in demographic information comparing injury occurrence. Conclusion: The tested physical performance battery may be useful in tracking gymnasts over time, but may not be beneficial in forecasting injuries in a sport with high percentages of acute injuries. The collected injury volume may not be reflective of a standard season as COVID-19 decreased the number of competitions. Additional research to identify athletes at risk for injury requires further investigation.

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