scholarly journals Prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Iceland 2005-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (05) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Bolli Þórsson ◽  
◽  
Elías Freyr Guðmundsson ◽  
Gunnar Sigurðsson ◽  
Thor Aspelund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Database ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Prescription Database ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Usa

INTRODUCTION: The number of people with type 2 diabetes has increased in Iceland in the last few decades. We utilized the national database on prescribed medication from the Directorate of Health to estimate the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Iceland and made prediction on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iceland in 10 and 20 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes for the period 2005-2018 was estimated based on prescriptions of diabetes medication in the national prescription database containing all prescriptions in Iceland during the period. The result was compared to the result from the REFINE-Reykjavik study (prospective, population-based cohort study) from 2004 to 2011 and published data from the USA from 1980 to 2016. RESULTS: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes more than doubled in near all age groups in both men and women in the period 2005-2018. The incidence increased by 2.8% annually (in 18-79 years old). The number of people in Iceland with type 2 diabetes was 10600 in 2018 and had increased from 4200 in the year 2005. Comparison with the results of the REFINE-Reykjavik study showed an underestimation (29% in men and women) of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. If the increase in type 2 diabetes continues at a similar rate as in the years 2005-2018 the number of people with diabetes in Iceland could be near 24000 in the year 2040. CONCLUSION: Linear increase was seen in incidence and prevalence of people with type 2 diabetes in the years 2005-2018. Similar evolution was seen in USA from 1984. In order to counteract the increase of type 2 diabetes following the same path as has been seen in the USA, targeted measures are needed.

Abstract P057: Clusters of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predict Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women: A Swedish Population-based Study

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A Larsson ◽  
Bledar Daka ◽  
Margareta I Hellgren ◽  
Maria C Eriksson ◽  
Lennart Råstam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Rated Health

Introduction: Clusters of metabolic variables and their effects on incidence of type 2 diabetes have been studied previously; however, little is known about the effects on diabetes from risk factor clusters including lifestyle and self-rated health. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that clusters of common cardiovascular risk factors, including lifestyle and self-rated health, can predict development of type 2 diabetes in men and women, respectively. Methods: In 2002-2005, 2816 men and women, 30-74 years, were randomly selected from two municipalities in southwestern Sweden and assessed with regard to cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors within the Skaraborg Project (76% participation). Participants performed an OGTT, had blood samples drawn, had anthropometric measurements and blood pressure taken, and answered validated questionnaires about e.g. leisure-time physical activity (with four answer alternatives from intensive to sedentary) and self-rated health (with five alternatives from excellent to very poor). Using the same protocol, 1332 participants from the baseline survey where re-examined in 2011-2014. After excluding those with diabetes at baseline, 1268 participants were included in this prospective population-based study. Results: Factor analysis (using varimax rotation) identified significant loadings (≥0.40) on the following three identical factors in men and women: the metabolic factor , comprising HOMA-ir, WHR, systolic blood pressure, and apolipoprotein B-to-A1 ratio; the vitality factor , comprising physical activity and self-rated health; and the addiction factor , comprising smoking and alcohol consumption. After a mean follow-up of 9.7±1.4 years, 76 cases of diabetes were identified; 46 in men and 30 in women. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for all principal components, age, and educational level, the metabolic factor significantly predicted type 2 diabetes in both men (OR: 3.3, CI: 2.3-5.0) and women (OR: 3.5, CI: 2.2-5.6). Furthermore, a predictive effect of the vitality factor was also seen in women (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.2-2.9), but not in men (OR: 1.1, CI: 0.8-1.6), whereas the addiction factor had no effect in either men or women. Conclusions: This is to our knowledge the first time principle components of cardiovascular risk factors, including both metabolic and lifestyle variables, have been used to predict incidence of type 2 diabetes. The gender difference observed with regard to the combined impact of self-rated health and physical activity are novel and indicates a mechanism beside the metabolic syndrome that warrants further gender-specific exploration in future studies.

scholarly journals Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depression with cardiovascular events in early-onset adult type 2 diabetes: a multi-ethnic study in the USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Epoh Dibato ◽  
Olga Montvida ◽  
Francesco Zaccardi ◽  
Jack Alistair Sargeant ◽  
Melanie J Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
The Usa

<b>Objective: </b>To evaluate the temporal patterns of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM) and depression in White Caucasian (WC) and African American (AA) with early-onset type 2 diabetes, and their impact on long-term Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). <p><b>Research Design and Methods: </b>From US electronic medical record, 101,104 AA and 505,336 WC subjects with type 2 diabetes diagnosis between 2000-2017 were identified (mean follow-up: 5.3 years). Among those without ASCVD at diagnosis, risk of ASCVD and MACE-3 (HF, myocardial infarction, or stroke) was evaluated between ethnicities by age groups. </p> <p><b>Results: </b>Proportion of patients diagnosed at <50 years increased during 2012-2017 (AA: 34-38%; WC: 26-29%). Depression prevalence increased during 2000-2017 (AA: 15-23%; WC: 20-34%) with an increasing trend for CM at diagnosis in both groups. </p> <p>Compared to WC, the adjusted MACE-3 risk was significantly higher in AA across all age groups, more pronounced in 18-39 years group (HR CI: 1.42-1.88) and in people with and without depression. AA had 17% (HR CI: 1.05-1.31) significantly higher adjusted ASCVD risk in the 18-39 years group only. Depression was independently associated with ASCVD and MACE-3 risk in both ethnic groups across all age groups. Other comorbidities were independently associated with ASCVD and MACE-3 risk only among WC. </p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>AA have higher cardiovascular risk compared to WC, particularly in early-onset T2DM. CM and depression at diabetes diagnosis has been increasing over last two decades in both ethnic groups.<b> </b>Strategies for screening and optimal management of CM and depression particularly in early-onset T2DM may result in a lower cardiovascular risk. </p>

scholarly journals Incidence of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan: age, sex, and urbanization status-stratified analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Fen Chen ◽  
Ya-Hui Chang ◽  
Hsien-Jung Lo ◽  
Muhammad Atoillah Isfandiari ◽  
Santi Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Abstract Background The epidemiology of diabetes and idiopathic cardiomyopathy have limited data. We investigated the overall and the age-, sex-, and urbanization-specific incidence and relative hazard of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in association with type 2 diabetes and various anti-diabetic medications used in Taiwan. Methods A total of 474,268 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified from ambulatory care and inpatient claims in 2007–2009 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) database. We randomly selected 474,266 age-, sex-, and diagnosis date-matched controls from the registry of NHI beneficiaries. All study subjects were linked to ambulatory care and inpatient claims (up to the end of 2016) to identify the possible diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. The person-year approach with Poisson assumption was used to estimate the incidence, and Cox proportional hazard regression model with Fine and Gray’s method was used to estimate the relative hazards of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in relation to type 2 diabetes. Results The overall incidence of idiopathic cardiomyopathy for men and women patients, respectively, was 3.83 and 2.94 per 10,000 person-years, which were higher than the corresponding men and women controls (2.00 and 1.34 per 10,000 person-years). Compared with the control group, patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly associated with an increased hazard of idiopathic cardiomyopathy (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45–1.77] in all age and sex stratifications except in those men aged > 64 years. Patients with type 2 diabetes aged < 45 years confronted the greatest increase in the hazard of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, with an aHR of 3.35 (95% CI 2.21–5.06) and 3.48 (95% CI 1.60–7.56) for men and women, respectively. The usage of some anti-diabetic medications revealed lower risks of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Conclusions In Taiwan, diabetes increased the risk of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in both sexes and in all age groups, except in men aged > 64 years. Younger patients were vulnerable to have higher HRs of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Some anti-diabetic medications may reduce the risks of cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals Explaining the Decline in Early Mortality in Men and Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A population-based cohort study

Diabetes Care ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1761-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Charlton ◽  
R. Latinovic ◽  
M. C. Gulliford
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Population-based cohort studies of type 2 diabetes and stomach cancer risk in Chinese men and women

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Li Xu ◽  
Yu-Ting Tan ◽  
Meira Epplein ◽  
Hong-Lan Li ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chinese Men

scholarly journals Poor Control of Blood Glucose, Lifestyle, and Cardiometabolic Parameters in Younger Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam ◽  
Han ◽  
Joo ◽  
Kang ◽  
Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
And Control

This study investigated the awareness, treatment, and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), lifestyle factors, and cardiometabolic parameters according to age groups among patients with T2DM. Data of 1507 patients with T2DM aged ≥35 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013–2015) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare the awareness, treatment, and control rate of T2DM and lifestyle and cardiometabolic parameters according to age groups. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for lack of awareness about and non-treatment of T2DM, as well as poor glycemic control, were significantly increased with younger age in both men and women. ORs for heavy drinkers and current smokers also significantly increased with younger age in both men and women. The adjusted ORs for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥100 mg/dL), hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL), and obesity significantly increased with younger age in men, but not in women. Among Korean adults with T2DM, awareness, treatment, and control rates of the condition were poorer in younger patients than in older patients. Education regarding the control of glycemia, cardiovascular risk factors, and improvement of lifestyles should be reinforced among younger-aged adults for the long-term management of T2DM.

scholarly journals Adolescent Obesity and Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilad Twig ◽  
Inbar Zucker ◽  
Arnon Afek ◽  
Tali Cukierman-Yaffe ◽  
Cole D. Bendor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diabetes Registry

<b>OBJECTIVE</b>: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly diagnosed at younger ages. We investigated the association of adolescent obesity with incident T2D at early adulthood. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b>: A nationwide, population-based study of 1,462,362 adolescents (59% men; mean age 17.4 years) evaluated during 1996-2016. Data were linked to the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Weight and height were measured at study entry. Cox proportional models were applied. <b></b></p> <p><b>RESULTS</b>: During 15,810,751 person-years, 2,177 people (69% men) developed T2D (mean age at diagnosis, 27 year). There was an interaction between BMI, sex and incident T2D (P<sub>interaction</sub>=0.023). In a model adjusted for socio-demographic variables, the hazard ratios for diabetes diagnosis were 1.7 (1.4-2.0), 2.8 (2.3-3.5), 5.8 (4.9-6.9), 13.4 (11.5-15.7), and 25.8 (21.0-31.6) among men in the 50<sup>th</sup>-74<sup>th</sup>, 75<sup>th</sup>-84<sup>th</sup>, overweight, mild obesity, and severe obesity groups, respectively; and 2.2 (1.6-2.9), 3.4 (2.5-4.6), 10.6 (8.3-13.6), 21.1 (16.0-27.8), and 44.7 (32.4-61.5), respectively, in women. An inverse graded relationship was observed between baseline BMI and mean age of T2D diagnosis: 27.8 and 25.9 years among men and women with severe obesity, respectively; and 29.5 and 28.5 years among the low-normal BMI (5<sup>th</sup>-49<sup>th</sup> percentile; reference), respectively. The projected fractions of adult-onset T2D that were attributed to high BMI (≥85<sup>th</sup> percentile) at adolescence were 56.9% (53.8%-59.9%) and 61.1% (56.8%–65.2%), in men and women, respectively.</p> <b>CONCLUSIONS</b>: Severe obesity significantly increases the risk for incidence of T2D in early adulthood in both sexes. The rise in adolescent severe obesity is likely to increase diabetes incidence in young adults in coming decades.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use as Risk or Protection for Type 2 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study of 18 000 Swedish Men and Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Danielsson ◽  
A. Lundin ◽  
A. Yaregal ◽  
C. G. Östenson ◽  
P. Allebeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Health Registers

Aims. Whether or not cannabis use may increase or decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes is not clear. We analyzed the association between cannabis and subsequent type 2 diabetes and if a potential positive or reverse association persisted after controlling for potential confounders.Methods. In this population-based cohort study, 17,967 Swedish men and women (aged 18–84 years), who answered an extensive questionnaire in 2002 (including questions on cannabis use), were followed up for new cases of type 2 diabetes (n=608) by questionnaire (in 2010) and in health registers during 2003–2011. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were estimated in a multiple logistic regression analysis. Potential confounders included age, sex, BMI, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol use, and occupational position.Results. The crude association showed that cannabis users had a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes OR = 0.68 (95% CIs: 0.47–0.99). However, this inverse association attenuated to OR = 0.94 (95% CIs: 0.63–1.39) after adjusting for age.Conclusions. The present study suggests that there is no association between cannabis use and subsequent type 2 diabetes after controlling for age. To make more robust conclusions prospective studies, with longer periods of follow-up and more detailed information about cannabis use, are needed.

scholarly journals Adolescent Obesity and Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilad Twig ◽  
Inbar Zucker ◽  
Arnon Afek ◽  
Tali Cukierman-Yaffe ◽  
Cole D. Bendor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diabetes Registry

<b>OBJECTIVE</b>: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly diagnosed at younger ages. We investigated the association of adolescent obesity with incident T2D at early adulthood. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b>: A nationwide, population-based study of 1,462,362 adolescents (59% men; mean age 17.4 years) evaluated during 1996-2016. Data were linked to the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Weight and height were measured at study entry. Cox proportional models were applied. <b></b></p> <p><b>RESULTS</b>: During 15,810,751 person-years, 2,177 people (69% men) developed T2D (mean age at diagnosis, 27 year). There was an interaction between BMI, sex and incident T2D (P<sub>interaction</sub>=0.023). In a model adjusted for socio-demographic variables, the hazard ratios for diabetes diagnosis were 1.7 (1.4-2.0), 2.8 (2.3-3.5), 5.8 (4.9-6.9), 13.4 (11.5-15.7), and 25.8 (21.0-31.6) among men in the 50<sup>th</sup>-74<sup>th</sup>, 75<sup>th</sup>-84<sup>th</sup>, overweight, mild obesity, and severe obesity groups, respectively; and 2.2 (1.6-2.9), 3.4 (2.5-4.6), 10.6 (8.3-13.6), 21.1 (16.0-27.8), and 44.7 (32.4-61.5), respectively, in women. An inverse graded relationship was observed between baseline BMI and mean age of T2D diagnosis: 27.8 and 25.9 years among men and women with severe obesity, respectively; and 29.5 and 28.5 years among the low-normal BMI (5<sup>th</sup>-49<sup>th</sup> percentile; reference), respectively. The projected fractions of adult-onset T2D that were attributed to high BMI (≥85<sup>th</sup> percentile) at adolescence were 56.9% (53.8%-59.9%) and 61.1% (56.8%–65.2%), in men and women, respectively.</p> <b>CONCLUSIONS</b>: Severe obesity significantly increases the risk for incidence of T2D in early adulthood in both sexes. The rise in adolescent severe obesity is likely to increase diabetes incidence in young adults in coming decades.

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