scholarly journals Screening for cancer of the colon and rectum A review on incidence, mortality, cost and benefit

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (09) ◽  
pp. 398-405
Author(s):  
Helgi Birgisson ◽  
◽  
Elínborg J. Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Anna Sverrisdóttir ◽  
Sigurður Einarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Key Words Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Mortality Cost ◽  
Immunochemical Test ◽  
Colon And Rectum

Key words: Colorectal cancer, Screening, Incidence, Mortality, Cost-effectiveness In this article the incidence and mortality for cancer of the colon and rectum in Iceland is discussed. The two most common screening methods, faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy are compared and an estimate of cost and benefits for the Icelandic society will be made. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum has been increasing in Iceland in last decades but mortality has decreased and survival improved. However, more individuals die from cancer of the colon and rectum than from both breast- and cervical cancer added together. It is likely that screening for cancer of the colon and rectum, could prevent at least 6 of the 28 deaths related to those cancers, occurring yearly in Iceland in screening age, given a screening ages of 50-74 years. The extra cost for the Icelandic community due to the implementation of screening for cancer of the colon and rectum will be acceptable due to the lower cost of simpler treatments, lower cancer incidence and reduced mortality.

scholarly journals The CRCbiome study: a large prospective cohort study examining the role of lifestyle and the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer screening participants

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Sørlie Kværner ◽  
Einar Birkeland ◽  
Cecilie Bucher-Johannessen ◽  
Elina Vinberg ◽  
Jan Inge Nordby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening reduces CRC incidence and mortality. However, current screening methods are either hampered by invasiveness or suboptimal performance, limiting their effectiveness as primary screening methods. To aid in the development of a non-invasive screening test with improved sensitivity and specificity, we have initiated a prospective biomarker study (CRCbiome), nested within a large randomized CRC screening trial in Norway. We aim to develop a microbiome-based classification algorithm to identify advanced colorectal lesions in screening participants testing positive for an immunochemical fecal occult blood test (FIT). We will also examine interactions with host factors, diet, lifestyle and prescription drugs. The prospective nature of the study also enables the analysis of changes in the gut microbiome following the removal of precancerous lesions. Methods The CRCbiome study recruits participants enrolled in the Bowel Cancer Screening in Norway (BCSN) study, a randomized trial initiated in 2012 comparing once-only sigmoidoscopy to repeated biennial FIT, where women and men aged 50–74 years at study entry are invited to participate. Since 2017, participants randomized to FIT screening with a positive test result have been invited to join the CRCbiome study. Self-reported diet, lifestyle and demographic data are collected prior to colonoscopy after the positive FIT-test (baseline). Screening data, including colonoscopy findings are obtained from the BCSN database. Fecal samples for gut microbiome analyses are collected both before and 2 and 12 months after colonoscopy. Samples are analyzed using metagenome sequencing, with taxonomy profiles, and gene and pathway content as primary measures. CRCbiome data will also be linked to national registries to obtain information on prescription histories and cancer relevant outcomes occurring during the 10 year follow-up period. Discussion The CRCbiome study will increase our understanding of how the gut microbiome, in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors, influences the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. This knowledge will be crucial to develop microbiome-based screening tools for CRC. By evaluating biomarker performance in a screening setting, using samples from the target population, the generalizability of the findings to future screening cohorts is likely to be high. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01538550.

Breast and cervical cancer incidence and mortality trends in Russia 1980–2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Barchuk ◽  
Alexander Bespalov ◽  
Heini Huhtala ◽  
Tuvshinjargal Chimed ◽  
Irina Laricheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Functionalized Ferroferric Oxide Nanomagnetic Beads for Extraction of Nucleic Acid and Its Application in Early Screening of Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bing Pei ◽  
Zhenjiang Zhang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
xiaoYan Qi ◽  
Qian Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Fecal Dna ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Bead Method

Early screening is an important way to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Fecal DNA testing stands out among many screening methods due to its high sensitivity. However, at this stage, researchers have not found a high-efficiency method for fecal DNA extraction. To this end, this work carried out a new round of exploration. Here, this experiment synthesized a kind of nanomagnetic beads (NH2-SiO2@Fe3O4) with good stability for nucleic acid extraction. A comparative study with the centrifugal adsorption column method revealed the significant advantages of the magnetic bead method in extracting fecal DNA. The DNA extracted by the magnetic bead method is of high purity, can also achieve high-throughput tests, and is more suitable for polymerase chain reaction detection, greatly simplifying the stool DNA detection process and providing a basis for the widespread promotion of early screening.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Breast Self-Examination, Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening among Indian Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Olabode Omotoso ◽  
Sucheta Malakar ◽  
Nabanita Chutia ◽  
Ghadier Matariek ◽  
Ghada Mahmoud Abdel-Rafee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Self Examination

The burden of breast and cervical cancer in terms of incidence and mortality in low- and mid-income countries is increasing daily due to late diagnosis, unhealthy lifestyle choices, late presentation, and poor attitude to screening. Early detection increases the chances of survival. This present study assessed Assam women’s breast and cervical cancer screening (CCS) awareness, the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), and uptake of human papillomavirus vaccines. An internet-based cross-sectional questionnaire was utilized to obtain 251 consenting respondents. The mean age of respondents was 27.8 ± 6.91. Only 205 (81.7%) and 110 (43.8%) respondents have satisfactory levels of BCS, and CCS knowledge, respectively. While only 76 (30.3%) respondents had satisfactory BSE practice. Age range (26 – 32 years), tertiary education, and being single were demographic characteristics that influenced knowledge and practice. Though the respondents had a satisfactory knowledge level, screening uptake among respondents is very poor as only 32 (12.7 %) had ever been screened and only 19 (7.6 %) ever been vaccinated. The major reasons for poor screening uptake were “no symptoms” and “not aware of screening location”. Most respondents (227, 90.4 %) are willing to go for screening if well oriented. This presents an opportunity to enhance awareness about screening and vaccination among Assam women. The media/internet and health practitioners can be leveraged to promote the uptake and utilization of screening services and BSE practice. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0304-5 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Knowledge and Screening Practices of Breast and Cervical Cancer in Rural and Urban South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 46s-46s
Author(s):  
A. LaVigne ◽  
S. Grover ◽  
S. Rayne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
South African ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
African Women ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
South African Women

Background: The South African government has recently released cancer policies for breast and cervical cancer—the most common types and causes of cancer-related death in South African women. Increased mortality rates and advanced disease at presentation in comparison with developed countries suggests a need for greater awareness of risk factors, screening and preventative methods individualized for the population at risk. Aim: To characterize and compare the knowledge base and perceptions of women in urban and rural settings, we assessed these factors in two different cohorts in South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional sample was taken in South Africa of women invited to participate in a survey regarding breast and cervical cancer knowledge, and awareness of risk factors, prevention and screening. Participants were approached in shopping malls and health facilities in urban Johannesburg in 2015 (“urban”) and semirural Bushbuckridge, 450 km northeast of Johannesburg (“rural”) in 2016. Results: 600 total women were surveyed, with 300 from each cohort. 83% of the urban cohort completed matriculation or higher, versus 60% of rural participants for whom high school was their highest level of education. Both groups demonstrated comparable levels of cancer awareness, and > 70% felt that cervical cancer is preventable. While the urban cohort was more knowledgeable about Pap smears (76% vs. 66%, P = 0.004), > 75% of both cohorts were willing to get one. Although both groups were largely unfamiliar with the role of HPV in cervical cancer, rural women were more aware of HIV (38% vs. 59%, P < 0.0001), smoking (43% vs. 62%, P < 0.0001) and parity (39% vs. 54%, P = 0.00019) as risk factors. Nevertheless, urban participants were more knowledgeable about breast self exams (71% vs. 59%, P = 0.001) and mammograms (62% vs. 42%, P < 0.0001), and more likely to undergo one (79% vs. 66%, P = 0.0002). Both groups identified family history and genetics as risk factors, but rural women appeared more aware of the roles of diet (30.67% vs. 39.93%, P = .011), oral contraceptives (17.33% vs. 34.77%, P < .0001), alcohol (26.67% vs. 52.15%, P < .0001) and lack of exercise (8.67% vs. 55.12%, P < .0001). Conclusion: Overall knowledge of breast and cervical cancer did not differ between both groups, despite varying levels of education and geographic setting. Women in the rural cohort demonstrated more awareness of several oncologic risk factors. Yet, the greater familiarity with and uptake of screening methods, especially for breast cancer, among women in the urban cohort may point to the benefits of proximity to health care infrastructure, such as tertiary care centers. This data supports a need for further implementation and distribution of cancer care services within cancer policies, to capitalize on increasingly sufficient levels of awareness among South African women.

scholarly journals Determinants of Population-Based Cancer Screening Performance at Primary Healthcare Institutions in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3312
Author(s):  
Senshuang Zheng ◽  
Xiaorui Zhang ◽  
Marcel J. W. Greuter ◽  
Geertruida H. de Bock ◽  
Wenli Lu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screenings

Background: For a decade, most population-based cancer screenings in China are performed by primary healthcare institutions. To assess the determinants of performance of primary healthcare institutions in population-based breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening in China. Methods: A total of 262 primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin participated in a survey on cancer screening. The survey consisted of questions on screening tests, the number of staff members and training, the introduction of the screening programs to residents, the invitation of residents, and the number of performed screenings per year. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the determinants of performance of an institution to fulfil the target number of screenings. Results: In 58% and 61% of the institutions between three and nine staff members were dedicated to breast and cervical cancer screening, respectively, whereas in 71% of the institutions ≥10 staff members were dedicated to colorectal cancer screening. On average 60% of institutions fulfilled the target number of breast and cervical cancer screenings, whereas 93% fulfilled the target number for colorectal cancer screening. The determinants of performance were rural districts for breast (OR = 5.16 (95%CI: 2.51–10.63)) and cervical (OR = 4.17 (95%CI: 2.14–8.11)) cancer screenings, and ≥3 staff members dedicated to cervical cancer screening (OR = 2.34 (95%CI: 1.09–5.01)). Conclusion: Primary healthcare institutions in China perform better in colorectal than in breast and cervical cancer screening, and institutions in rural districts perform better than institutions in urban districts. Increasing the number of staff members on breast and cervical cancer screening could improve the performance of population-based cancer screening.

scholarly journals CERVICAL CANCER AND OTHER HPV ASSOCIATED TUMORS IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
David Zaridze ◽  
Dmitriy Maksimovich ◽  
Ivan Stilidi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Associated Tumors

The incidence of cervical cancer in Russia is one of the highest in Europe. At the same time, in European countries, the incidence of other HPV-associated tumors is as low as in Russia. The incidence of cervical cancer is declining in most countries of the world. Unfortunately, in our country, a decrease in the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer before the early 1990s was replaced by an increase in these rates. This trend will continue and reach fairly high numbers in 2030. The increase and subsequent decrease in the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, which has been observed in developed countries for several decades, is largely the result of population cytological screening with coverage of 70-80% of the female population of the corresponding age. In our country cytological testing organized in the polyclinics, which covered a significant proportion of working women and which, as you know, has been introduced into healthcare practice since 1976, has led only to a temporary decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer. Unfortunately, in the late 1980s, this program ceased to exist and, consequently, a decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer was replaced by its growth. So called dispanserisation, which is presently in place, which includes cytological screening of cervical cancer, has not yet led to the expected results. Despite the fact that the goal of our article is not to evaluate the effectiveness of various screening methods, we consider it necessary to note that screening with HPV testing, which according to randomized trials, is much more effective than cytological examination is widely used in most countries, in combination with HPV vaccination. Prevention of cervical cancer includes: a) mandatory vaccination against HPV in adolescence (11-13 years); b) screening based on HPV testing.

scholarly journals Survival in women diagnosed with breast and cervical cancer in Poland – compared to European countries, based on CONCORD - 3 Programme

2019 ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Gliniewicz ◽  
Anna Zielińska ◽  
Katarzyna Kwiatkowska ◽  
Dorota Dudek-Godeau ◽  
Magdalena Bielska–Lasota
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
London School ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

INTRODUCTION. The 5-year population-based survival rate, next to cancer incidence and mortality, is a key element for the assessment of effective health care quality provided by OECD in order to establish the condition of health care and set up health care policies. They also apply when assessing breast and cervical cancer prevention in Poland. AIM. The aim of the paper was to analyse the breast and cervical cancer survival in women in Poland in 2010-2014 and its changes in 2000-2014 in comparison to other European countries. RESULTS. The analysis of the 5-year survival rate was performed with the CONCORD-3 programme data. In order to guarantee the comparability of results, the uniform standards for data quality control, all calculations and analyses were performed by a world-leading centre for research, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The absolute value of the survival rate was used to assess survival variations in 2000-2004 and 2010-2014. In 2010-2014 the highest 5-year survival rate in women with breast cancer was in Island (89%), Sweden (89%), Finland (89%) and Norway (88%). Despite its systematic improvement, the 5-year survival rate in Poland was lower than in the majority of European countries, and in the final period amounted to 76,6%. In 2010-2014 the highest survival in women with cervical cancer in Europe was in Island (80%), Norway (73%) and Switzerland (71%). The progress of favourable changes in Poland was not sufficient enough to allow the survival rate (55%) to be significantly closer to the European average. CONCLUSIONS. The 5-year survival rate for breast and cervical cancer in Poland in 2010-2014 was significantly different than in other European countries, and placed Poland among the countries with the lowest survival rate. In 2000-2014 in Poland there was an insignificant progress in survival in women with breast and cervical cancer, which did not contribute to fighting the substantial differences when compared to other European countries.

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