scholarly journals Features and problems in the construction of the postunitary Italian banking system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Italian Unification ◽  
Second Industrial Revolution

The study of the evolution of Italian economy experienced, in recent years, new interpretive hypotheses, themselves based on the use of more updated series of historical data, The latter have brought scholars to reconsider, especially taking long-term viewpoints into account, the path Italy followed in joining the global economic system. Therefore, both Italian and international historiography have striven to highlight the most favorable elements, as well as the limits and the contradictions accompanying the nevertheless robust growth Italy experienced during the last 150 years. All this began for Italy as it joined, during the later 1800s, the productive mechanisms of the Second Industrial Revolution, fully maturing during the Golden Age. To fully understand such a path it is necessary to integrate, following a comparative, systemic and interdisciplinary approach, the behavioral analysis of some specific industrial sectors with the so-called system prerequisites to development including, and in an important position at that, the construction of the financial market and the shaping of the banking system. Within such a context, studying the period between the Unification of Italy and the “end of the century crisis” appears particularly important, as it is during this phase that some of the lines through which the model Italy used to join the process of the Second Industrial Revolution were shaped. Such a situation will challenge the future reforms, themselves a prelude to the takeoff Italy experienced during the Giolitti era.This contribution intends to highlight some features of the buildup of the Italian banking system within the framework of Italian nation building, between 1861 and 1893. In order to do that, besides offering an analysis of the political, economic and financial situation of the time, it examines the path, the uses and the crossings of capital which, starting with the financial movements recorded between the end of the 1860s and the beginning of the 1870s between the Centre-North of Italy, Germany and Austria and then pouring into the activities of the Banca Tiberina, based in Rome and one of the main protagonists of the growing phenomenon joining banks and companies during that time. Therefore, this work of mine does not only focus on the descending parable the Banca Tiberina experienced (something well known in economic historiography, especially when examining the end of the century crisis) but rather more on the whole three previous decades, from the beginning to the expansion phase.Therefore, a composite framework emerges, striving to keep the features of the political, social and economic features of Italy with those events being only apparently local and between these and the evolution of the banking system after the Italian Unification.

Resource Allocation by the Banking System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Battilossi ◽  
Alfredo Gigliobianco ◽  
Giuseppe Marinelli ◽  
With The Cooperation Of Sandra Natoli and Ivan Triglia
Keyword(s):  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Political Interference

In Italy's bank-oriented financial system, bank credit is the most important source of external finance for firms. The allocative efficiency of banks is therefore a critical element underlying the overall performance of the economy. This chapter focuses on credit allocation across industrial sectors with different growth opportunities, as revealed by stock market data. We constructed a unique database which includes annual data on bank credit to different sectors and data on listed firms from 1948 to 2009. We assume that average sectoral price/earnings ratios are a proxy for growth opportunities, and that an efficient allocation of credit takes into account the variation of such opportunities. Our results confirm the hypothesis that, after a good start in the Fifties and Sixties, the following two decades, characterized by an excess of regulation (mixed with robust doses of political interference), saw a decline in the performance of the banking system. We also find evidence that after the financial liberalization of the early Nineties the allocative efficiency (across sectors) of the banking system increased. The present structural difficulties of the Italian economy do not depend, therefore, on the ability of the banks to select the industrial sectors to which to lend money.

scholarly journals Technological Revolutions and the Political Economy of Time

2020 ◽  
pp. 224-242
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Exponential Character ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Political Economic

The paper investigates the role of time as one of the most precious politico-economic resources. It shows that the compression of time during every successive industrial revolution brings contradictions that change the logic of the politico-economic system. To prove this thesis historical and political-economic approaches are used. The historical approach shows the correlation between the development of technologies, time and society. The politico-economic approach emphasizes on the different dimensions of this change, trying to answer the question about the transformation of the role of time in contemporary economy and politics. One of the main contributions is that time is correlated with the different technological revolutions. Thus, I first examine the correlation between time and technological changes during different technological stages. Then the exponential character of the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is shown, as well as the transformation they bring to politics, economics, society, science, human beings and so on. I finish with the necessary transformation of the state as a result of the technological revolutions and particularly as a result of the ongoing Fourth Industrial Revolution, and in the conclusion I provide some possible answers to the contradictions brought about by exponential technological changes.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Industrial Revolution 4.0 on Labours in Industry Enterprises in Thai Nguyen Province, Viet Nam

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Oanh ◽  
Phung Tran My Hanh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Dung
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Different Levels

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has much effectiveness both positive and negative sides on labours in Thai Nguyen province; is one of the political, economic and educational centers of the Northern mountainous midland in developing countries like Vietnam. This paper examines the influencing of Industry 4.0 on labours in Industry enterprises by using secondary data. The results show that in the Industrial Revolution 4.0, labour in Thai Nguyen’s Industry enterprises had many new job opportunities, the chance improving their qualifications, skills. But the labours had many challenges such as increasing in inequality between groups of labour at different levels.

Leisurely Islam

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Deeb ◽  
Mona Harb
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Economic

South Beirut has recently become a vibrant leisure destination with a plethora of cafés and restaurants that cater to the young, fashionable, and pious. What effects have these establishments had on the moral norms, spatial practices, and urban experiences of this Lebanese community? From the diverse voices of young Shi'i Muslims searching for places to hang out, to the Hezbollah officials who want this media-savvy generation to be more politically involved, to the religious leaders worried that Lebanese youth are losing their moral compasses, this book provides a sophisticated and original look at leisure in the Lebanese capital. What makes a café morally appropriate? How do people negotiate morality in relation to different places? And under what circumstances might a pious Muslim go to a café that serves alcohol? This book highlights tensions and complexities exacerbated by the presence of multiple religious authorities, a fraught sectarian political context, class mobility, and a generation that takes religion for granted but wants to have fun. The book elucidates the political, economic, religious, and social changes that have taken place since 2000, and examines leisure's influence on Lebanese sociopolitical and urban situations. Asserting that morality and geography cannot be fully understood in isolation from one another, the book offers a colorful new understanding of the most powerful community in Lebanon today.

Bankers and politicians: mutual interests and contradictions (the historical experience of different countries)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ирина Юдина ◽  
Irina Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Banking Systems ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Political Game

This work is an attempt to explain the political roots from which banking systems have evolved in different countries and how they have evolved at different times. For this purpose, materials and analysis tools from three different disciplines were used: economic history, political science and Economics. The main idea that is set out in this paper is the statement that the strength and weakness of the banking system is a consequence of the Great political game and that the rules of this game are written by the main political institutions.

Negative Media Effects and Islamic Remedies (Penyelesaian Kepada Kesan Negatif Media Menurut Perspektif Islam)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Mohd. Shuhaimi Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Essential Form ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
Political Economic

 Abstract Generally speaking, media is extensively used as the means to disseminate news and information pertaining to business, social, political and religious concerns. A portion of the time and space of media has now become an important device to generate economic and social activities that include advertising, marketing, recreation and entertainment. The Government regards them as an essential form of relaying news and information to its citizens and at the same time utilizes them as a powerful public relations’ mechanism. The effects of media are many and diverse, which can either be short or long term depending on the news and information. The effects of media can be found on various fronts, ranging from the political, economic and social, to even religious spheres. Some of the negative effects arising from the media are cultural and social influences, crimes and violence, sexual obscenities and pornography as well as liberalistic and extreme ideologies. This paper sheds light on these issues and draws principles from Islam to overcome them. Islam as revealed to humanity contains the necessary guidelines to nurture and mould the personality of individuals and shape them into good servants. Key Words: Media, Negative Effects, Means, Islam and Principles. Abstrak Secara umum, media secara meluas digunakan sebagai sarana untuk menyebarkan berita dan maklumat yang berkaitan dengan perniagaan, kemasyarakatan, pertimbangan politik dan agama. Sebahagian dari ruang dan masa media kini telah menjadi peranti penting untuk menghasilkan kegiatan ekonomi dan sosial yang meliputi pengiklanan, pemasaran, rekreasi dan hiburan. Kerajaan menganggap sarana-sarana ini sebagai wadah penting untuk menyampaikan berita dan maklumat kepada warganya dan pada masa yang sama juga menggunakannya sebagai mekanisme perhubungan awam yang berpengaruh. Pengaruh media sangat banyak dan pelbagai, samada berbentuk jangka pendek atau panjang bergantung kepada berita dan maklumat yang brekenaan. Kesan dari media boleh didapati mempengaruhi pelbagai aspek, bermula dari bidang politik, ekonomi, sosial bahkan juga agama. Beberapa kesan negatif yang timbul dari media ialah pengaruhnya terhadap budaya dan sosial, jenayah dan keganasan, kelucahan seksual dan pornografi serta ideologi yang liberal dan ekstrim. Kertas ini menyoroti isu-isu ini dan cuba mengambil prinsip-prinsip dari ajaran Islam untuk mengatasinya. Tujuan Islam itu sendiri diturunkan kepada umat manusia ialah untuk menjadi pedoman yang diperlukan untuk membina dan membentuk keperibadian individu dan menjadikan manusia hamba yang taat kepada Tuhannya. Kata Kunci: Media, Kesan Negatif, Cara-cara, Islam dan Prinsip-prinsip.

The Politics of Banking and Social Democracy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aled Davies
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Demand

This chapter concerns the politics of managing the domestic banking system in post-war Britain. It examines the pressures brought to bear on the post-war settlement in banking during the 1960s and 1970s—in particular, the growth of new credit creating institutions and the political demand for more competition between banks. This undermined the social democratic model for managing credit established since the war. The chapter focuses in particular on how the Labour Party attempted in the 1970s to produce a banking system that was competitive, efficient, and able to channel credit to the struggling industrial economy.

History of Education Policymaking in India, 1947-2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Indian Education ◽  
The Political ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Education Commission ◽  
History Of ◽  
Judicial Policymaking ◽  
Political Economic

This book chronicles the history of education policymaking in India. The focus of the book is on the period from 1964 when the landmark Kothari Commission was constituted; however, to put the policy developments in this period into perspective major developments since the Indian Education Commission (1882) have been touched upon. The distinctiveness of the book lies in the rare insights which come from the author’s experience of making policy at the state, national and international levels; it is also the first book on the making of Indian education policy which brings to bear on the narrative comparative and historical perspectives it, which pays attention to the process and politics of policymaking and the larger setting –the political and policy environment- in which policies were made at different points of time, which attempts to subject regulation of education to a systematic analyses the way regulation of utilities or business or environment had been, and integrates judicial policymaking with the making and implementation of education policies. In fact for the period subsequent to 1979, there have been articles- may be a book or two- on some aspects of these developments individually; however, there is no comprehensive narrative that covers developments as a whole and places them against the backdrop of national and global political, economic, and educational developments.

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