scholarly journals Women’s Economic Empowerment in Vietnam: Performance and Constraints of Female-Led Manufacturing SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
MinhTam Bui ◽  
Trinh Q. Long
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This paper identifies whether there was a performance difference among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) led by men and by women in Vietnam during the period 2005–2013 and aims to provide explanations for the differences, if any, in various performance indicators. The paper adopts a quantitative approach using a firm-level panel dataset in the manufacturing sector in 10 provinces/cities in Vietnam in five waves from 2005 to 2013. Fixed effect models are estimated to examine the influence of firm variables and demographic, human capital characteristics of owners/managers on firms’ value added, labor productivity and employment creation. We found that men led MSMEs did not outperform those led by women on average. Although the average value added was lower for female-led firms in the informal sector, the opposite was true in the formal sector where women tend to lead medium-size firms with higher value added and labor productivity. The performance disparity was more envisaged across levels of formality and less clear from a gender perspective. Moreover, while firms owned by businessmen seemed to create more jobs, firms owned by women had a higher share of female employees. No significant difference in business constraints faced by women and by men was found.

scholarly journals Intangible Assets and Labor Productivity Growth

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Carolina Hintzmann ◽  
Josep Lladós-Masllorens ◽  
Raul Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
European Economies ◽  
D Investment

We examine the contribution to labor productivity growth in the manufacturing sector of investment in different intangible asset categories—computerized information, innovative property, and economic competencies—for a set of 18 European countries between 1995 and 2017, as well as whether this contribution varies between different groups of countries. The motivation is to go a step further and identify which single or combination of intangible assets are relevant. The main findings can be summarized as follows. Firstly, all the three different categories of intangible assets contribute to labor productivity growth. In particular, intangible assets related to economic competences together with innovative property assets have been identified as the main drivers; specifically, advertising and marketing, organizational capital, research and development (R&D) investment, and design. Secondly, splitting the sample of European Union (EU) member states into three groups—northern, central and southern Europe—allows for the identification of a significant differentiated behavior between and within groups, in terms of the effects of investment in intangible assets on labor productivity growth. We conclude that measures promoting investment in intangibles at EU level should be accompanied by specific measures focusing on each country’s needs, for the purpose of promoting labor productivity growth. The obtained evidence suggests that the solution for the innovation deficit of some European economies consist not only of raising R&D expenditure, but also exploiting complementarities between different types of assets.

scholarly journals Labor Productivity and Foreign Direct Investment in the Indonesian Manufacturing Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luhur Selo Baskoro ◽  
Yonsuke Hara ◽  
Yoshihiro Otsuji
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Random Effect Analysis

This paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, focusing on the effect of labor productivity in the Indonesian manufacturing sector. Indonesia has the advantage of abundant labor supply in attracting FDI to bring positive externalities to its economy. Based on this background, this paper is aimed to study and to improve FDI inflow through a random effect analysis of 19 manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2014. The empirical result shows that labor productivity, wages, and export have become significant factors that attract FDI. FDI inflow in this sector tends to target non-labor industries. For the labor-intensive industries, the primary strategy is to increase labor quality through improvement in education, training, internship program, and worker certification. Improving research and development climate, and maintaining the quality of labor through health and social protection regulation can attain improvement in non-labor intensive industries.

scholarly journals Labor productivity gap between export and non-exporting firms in industrialization: The case of the Vietnamese manufacturing sector

Accounting ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 509-524
Author(s):  
Huu Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Minh Thy Le ◽  
Thi Mai Huong Dang ◽  
Thanh Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Trung Dung Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Productivity Gap

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Firm’s Annual Turnover in Selected Manufacturing Industries of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-59
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Singh ◽  
Bhim Jyoti
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quality Certification ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Annual Turnover

Purpose: This study makes a comparison of the manufacturing sector and its determinants for India and selected Asian countries. It examines the factors affecting the annual turnover of randomly selected 154 firms in seven different industries of the Indian manufacturing sector. Methods: In this study, the firm’s annual turnover is used as a dependent variable. Labor productivity, age, investment on plant & machinery, annual expenditure on marketing, total employees, production technology up-gradation, shortage of skilled workers, skills to improve the process, use of hi-tech tool and technique in production activities, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, foreign collaboration, waste management capabilities and building capacity of firms are used as independent variables. Regression coefficients of explanatory variables are assessed using linear, log-linear, and non-linear regression models. Results: The study concluded that the firm's annual turnover has a significant association with technological development related variables, labor productivity, age, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, and waste management practices of firms. Implications: It suggests that Indian policymakers need to adopt a strong IPRs, education, and S&T policy in research institutions. India needs to increase R&D expenditure and researchers in research institutions. Research institutions should collaborate with the existing industries to discover more technologies and innovations for the manufacturing sector. All research organizations must set up technology transfer offices to increase technology transfer and commercialization. Furthermore, India needs to set up hi-tech firms to face global challenges. Originality: It uses primary data of 154 firms which are collected from seven different industries across Indian states. Thus, the study substantially contributes to the existing literature.    Limitations: This study considers seven different industries that have high diversity in socio-economic, science & technological and IPRs related activities, technology transfer, commercialization of technology, and association with research institutions. Therefore, this study cannot provide policy suggestions for a specific industry.    

Istisna’a based monetary policy and its effectiveness in achieving full employment and price stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-726
Author(s):  
Mohammad Selim
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore Istisna’a as a tool of monetary policy (MP) and examines its effectiveness in achieving full employment income and price stability. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses Istisna’a as a tool of MP and examines its effects on key macroeconomic variables on purely theoretical ground. The effectiveness and the impact of Istisna’a-based MP is examined by using aggregate output and aggregate expenditure model, embedded with Islamic economic principles, including zakat function. Findings Istisna’a-based MP immediately creates well paid jobs, positively contributes and expands the size of the manufacturing sector, increases capital per person employed, labor productivity and thus increases output, employment and promotes industrialization. Increase in the size of manufacturing sector will not only increase manufactured value-added exports but also cut high valued manufactured imports and thus increases positive trade balance and eventually reduces trade deficits. Increase in labor productivity will improve the standard of living, and eventually the economy will yield sustainable high growth rates, full employment and prosperity. Originality/value This is probably one of the first attempt to systematically develop the Istisna’a-based MP with detailed MP transmission mechanism. This new contribution in the field of Islamic MP will unveil the horizon of sustainable economic growth, creation of well paid jobs, expansion of manufacturing sector, rapid industrialization and the increase in capital per person employed across the economy, and eventually Istisna’a-based MP will be one of the most effective tool of MP for transforming an economy into a relatively higher and sophisticated stages which will eventually promote sustainable development.

STRUCTURE, EMPLOYMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE INDIAN UNORGANIZED MANUFACTURING SECTOR: AN INDUSTRY LEVEL ANALYSIS

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 349-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. RAJESH RAJ
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
Level Analysis

The paper analyzes the size, growth and productivity performance of the unorganized manufacturing sector in India during the 1978–1979 to 2000–2001 period. The study shows evidence of an increase in the size of the sector with a slowdown in the reforms period. Evidence indicates that the rate of growth varies widely across the two-digit industries but the variation in growth rate is smaller during the 1990s. Textiles and machinery goods were the fastest growing segments of India's unorganized manufacturing sector in the reforms period. The partial factor productivity approach shows that labor productivity has improved in 2000–2001 over 1978–1979 while capital productivity reported a decline in the same period. The sector, on the other hand, registered a fall in total factor productivity (TFP) during the reforms period. It is found that technological progress has been the main contributor to the growth in TFP in the prereforms period while technical regress contributed to the decline in TFP in the reforms period. A completely different picture is noticed since the mid-1990s when the sector made significant progress in TFP primarily attributed to technological progress which outweighed the decline in technical efficiency. It is also found that capital intensity is an essential factor augmenting labor productivity levels in the sector, which is important for improving the wages paid to the workers in the sector.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Agricultural Manufacturing in the Egyptian Economic Growth: Kaldor's Hypotheses

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abou El-Yazid El-Rasoul ◽  
Mai Mustafa Hassan Morsi ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim Younis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Growth

This research uses a Kaldor’s hypotheses to estimate the contribution of the agricultural manufacturing sector to increase the economic growth of the Egyptian agricultural sector during the period 1997-2018. It based on the three "hypotheses" of growth. Kaldor model depends on three hypotheses related to the relationship between the growth of manufacturing sector and the economic growth. The study used the growth rate, dummy variable, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) test, and used CUSUM squares test and Chow breakpoint test. In addition to, testing the stability of time series depended on E-view 11.0. The food, beverage, tobacco industries and textiles industry are the largest two sectors in the Egyptian agricultural manufacturing industries, as they represent about 83.58% of the total value of the agricultural manufacturing industries output during the period 1997-2018. The results shows that the increase of real growth rates of food, beverage, tobacco industries and textile production lead to increasing in the real growth rate of agricultural output. According to CUSUM Sq test and Chow test, the year 2003 is considered as the switch point for the study variables. Also, if the real agricultural manufacturing production growth rate increases, the real agricultural manufacturing labor productivity growth rate will increase. And if the real growth rate of agricultural manufacturing production value increases, the real growth rate of agricultural non-manufacturing labor productivity will increase. The results of the research assist decision-makers in the field of manufacturing industry and agriculture in Egypt, especially in the stages of economic development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document