A Comparative Study on the Cleaner Production Options for Fishery Wastes around Lake Tana

Around Lake Tana, there are different types of fish processing cooperatives. These cooperatives simply dump the fish wastes (offal) to the Lake Tana which results environmental pollution for the marine ecosystems. In this study three cleaner production options such as biodiesel, biogas and animal feeding were investigated experimentally for the utilization of fishery wastes around Lake Tana. The study showed that fish species (labeobarbus, tilapia and catfish) wastes have oil yield of 28.65%, 16.35% and 5.63 % and free fatty acid content of 10.5%, 7.5% and 6.03% respectively. In the treatment of the oil, only 3.5% of sulfuric acid was consumed to lower the FFA to the required level (2.5%). In the biodiesel experiment, 6:1 ration of methanol to oil and 1hr of reaction retention time were found to be the optimum operating parameters. The yield of biogas was 0.016ml /gram of fish waste. Nutritional composition of fish wastes were 33.4% protein, 0.007% fiber, 1.26% ash, 44% moisture and 21.367% carbohydrate. The study concluded that biodiesel is the possible cleaner production option among the other for the utilization of fishery wastes around Lake Tana.

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Elaboration of pâté using fish residues

Acta Veterinaria Brasilica ◽

10.21708/avb.2021.15.3.9421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 209-219

Author(s):

Marcos Antonio Matiucci ◽

Ana Paula Sartório Chambo ◽

Jane Martha Graton Mikcha ◽

Suzana Maria da Silva Réia ◽

Kelly Cristina Vitorino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Water Activity ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Sensory Analysis ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Collagen Content ◽

Fish Processing ◽

Fish Waste ◽

Smoked Salmon ◽

Salmon Carcass

Knowing the potential of fish waste for the preparation of pâtés, there is the possibility of adding greater sustainability to the aquaculture sector. The aim was to prepare pâtés from fish processing residues with the inclusion of smoked fishmeal and evaluate their sensory, microbiological, physicochemical, and shelf-life characteristics. Three treatments were used: pâté without fishmeal inclusion (PSF), with smoked salmon carcass meal inclusion (PFSD), and smoked tilapia carcass meal (PFTD). The inclusion of the flours reduced the moisture, carbohydrate, and water activity. However, they increased the ash, salt, and collagen content. The lipid content was higher for the PFSD. The PSF showed peak oxidation at 15 days and the PFSD and PFTD around 45 days over the course of the 90-day shelf-life. The luminosity and b* coordinate were lower for PFTD, while the a* coordinate was higher for PFSD. Only the b* coordinate showed changes in PSF and PFSD throughout the 30 days of shelf-life, and its color tended to yellow at 15 days. The sensory analysis did not differ statistically between treatments (p > 0.05) for all attributes, except color, where the highest score was attributed to PSF. As for the overall impression, PSF also obtained the highest score, which may be associated with its color. By including fish flours, the nutritional composition and color of the tilapia-trimmed pâtés are changed, achieving an average acceptance level of 67%.

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Genome-edited Camelina sativa with a unique fatty acid content and its potential impact on ecosystems

Environmental Sciences Europe ◽

10.1186/s12302-021-00482-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katharina Kawall

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Genome Editing ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Camelina Sativa ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Multiple Copies

Abstract‘Genome editing’ is intended to accelerate modern plant breeding enabling a much faster and more efficient development of crops with improved traits such as increased yield, altered nutritional composition, as well as resistance to factors of biotic and abiotic stress. These traits are often generated by site-directed nuclease-1 (SDN-1) applications that induce small, targeted changes in the plant genomes. These intended alterations can be combined in a way to generate plants with genomes that are altered on a larger scale than it is possible with conventional breeding techniques. The power and the potential of genome editing comes from its highly effective mode of action being able to generate different allelic combinations of genes, creating, at its most efficient, homozygous gene knockouts. Additionally, multiple copies of functional genes can be targeted all at once. This is especially relevant in polyploid plants such as Camelina sativa which contain complex genomes with multiple chromosome sets. Intended alterations induced by genome editing have potential to unintentionally alter the composition of a plant and/or interfere with its metabolism, e.g., with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as phytohormones or other biomolecules. This could affect diverse defense mechanisms and inter-/intra-specific communication of plants having a direct impact on associated ecosystems. This review focuses on the intended alterations in crops mediated by SDN-1 applications, the generation of novel genotypes and the ecological effects emerging from these intended alterations. Genome editing applications in C. sativa are used to exemplify these issues in a crop with a complex genome. C. sativa is mainly altered in its fatty acid biosynthesis and used as an oilseed crop to produce biofuels.

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Nutritional, antinutritional and phenological characterization of promising forage species for animal feeding in a cold tropical zone

Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas ◽

10.22267/rcia.213801.152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 86-96

Author(s):

Lesvy Ramos ◽

José Edmundo Apráez ◽

Kris Stephany Cortes ◽

José Julián Apráez

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Composition ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Tropical Zone ◽

High Dry Matter ◽

Crude Fiber Content ◽

Genista Monspessulana ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

Low Levels ◽

Nutritional Benefits

The search for forages with high biomass production and high nutritional content has made it possible to find food alternatives that, due to their nutritional benefits and resistance to adverse environmental factors, are the best option for herbivores. With the knowledge of farmers, producers and the experience of researchers, 12 species most frequently used in animal feeding were selected, identified and classified in the University's PSO herbarium of the University of Nariño. These were phenologically, nutritionally and antinutritionally characterized. Of these species, four belonged to the Asteraceae family; the Fabaceae, Adoxaceae and Malvaceae families were represented by two species; the Salicaceae and Cucurbitaceae families were represented by one and were propagated in nursery. In the nutritional composition, the Retamo (Genista monspessulana) stood out for its high dry matter content with 34.2%. Unlike the Chauchilla (Cyclanthera brachystachya), with 8.79%, the Sauco (Sambucus peruviana) had a higher content of protein 25.93%, followed by Abutilon (Abutilon pictum) with 23.42%. Chauchilla (Cyclanthera brachystachya) had the highest crude fiber content, with 21.59%, NDF of 38.06%, and FDA 27.23%. Tannins were the most common secondary metabolites in the species evaluated with moderate or low levels; sterols were present at low levels, and saponins and alkaloids yielded negative values.

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Portuguese traditional sausages: different types, nutritional composition, and novel trends

Journal of Ethnic Foods ◽

10.1016/j.jef.2016.01.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 51-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cláudia Marcos ◽

Cláudia Viegas ◽

André M. de Almeida ◽

Maria Manuela Guerra

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Composition ◽

Different Types

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The treatment of zinc-cyanide electroplating rinse water using an electrocoagulation process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.481 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 2220-2227 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elif Senturk

Keyword(s):

Electrode Material ◽

Operating Time ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Electrocoagulation Process ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Rinse Water ◽

Electrode Connection

This paper investigates the treatment of zinc-cyanide electroplating rinse water using an electrocoagulation process (ECP). The effects of operating parameters such as electrode material, current density (2.5–40 A/m2), operating time (0–60 min), initial pH (5–12) and electrode connection mode (monopolar parallel (MP-P), monopolar series and bipolar series) on the ECP were evaluated to find the optimum operating conditions. At 20 A/m2, 60 min, the highest removal efficiencies were obtained with 85 and 99% for Fe and 64 and 33% for Al electrodes, for cyanide and zinc, respectively. The optimum operating conditions were found to be 30 A/m2 and 40 min, for the Fe electrode at the original pH (9.5) of the rinse water. Considering efficiency and economy, the MP-P connection mode was determined as the optimum connection mode.

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Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle-Based Waste Heat Recovery System Using a Novel Target-Temperature-Line Approach

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4050261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Md. Zahurul Haq

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchange ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Organic Rankine Cycle ◽

Rankine Cycle ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Target Temperature

Abstract Organic Rankine cycle (ORC)-based waste heat recovery (WHR) systems are simple, flexible, economical, and environment-friendly. Many working fluids and cycle configurations are available for WHR systems, and the diversity of working fluid properties complicates the synergistic integration of the efficient heat exchange in the evaporator and net output work. Unique guidelines to select a proper working fluid, cycle configuration and optimum operating parameters are not readily available. In the present study, a simple target-temperature-line approach is introduced to get the optimum operating parameters for the subcritical ORC system. The target-line is the locus of temperatures satisfying the pinch-point temperature difference along the length of the heat exchanger. Employing the approach, study is carried out with 38 pre-selected working fluids to get the optimum operating parameters and suitable fluid for heat source temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 300 °C. Results obtained are analyzed to get cross-correlations between key operating and performance parameters using a heat-map diagram. At the optimum condition, optimal working fluid’s critical temperature and pressure, evaporator saturation temperature, effectivenesses of the heat exchange in the evaporator, cycle, and overall WHR system exhibit strong linear correlations with the heat source temperature.

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Determination of Optimum Operating Parameters for the AEDC-PWT 4-Ft Transonic Tunnel with Variable Porosity Test Section Walls

10.21236/ad0857045 ◽

1969 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. L. Jacocks

Keyword(s):

Test Section ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Variable Porosity

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Extrusion Press and Auxiliary Equipment

Aluminum Extrusion Technology ◽

10.31399/asm.tb.aet.t68260055 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 55-86

Keyword(s):

Operating Parameters ◽

Auxiliary Equipment ◽

Extrusion Press ◽

Different Types ◽

Selection Factors

Abstract This chapter covers the different types of extrusion presses in use, discussing their relative advantages, operating parameters, and selection factors. It describes the function of major components, including containers, stems, dummy pads, and die carriers, the maintenance they require, and their impact on productivity and the quality of extrusions. It also discusses the integration of auxiliary equipment such as log heaters and shears, quench systems, die ovens, pullers, stretchers, and stackers.

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Suitability of insects for animal feeding.

10.1079/9781789245929.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-38

Author(s):

Kerensa Hawkey ◽

John Brameld ◽

Tim Parr ◽

Andrew Salter ◽

Heidi Hall

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

House Fly ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Aquatic Animal ◽

Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Lesser Mealworm ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

Feed Source

Abstract This chapter explores the nutritional composition of insects and the potential benefits and drawbacks for their inclusion into pet, poultry, pig, ruminant and aquatic animal feeds. Six species are most commonly described for use in animal feed, namely black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae and prepupae, yellow mealworm (YM; Tenebrio molitor) larvae, superworm (SW; Zophobas morio) larvae, lesser mealworm (LM; Alphitobius diaperinus) larvae, house fly (HF; Musca domestica) larvae and house crickets (HC; Acheta domesticus). The nutritional composition, variability observed due to manipulation of feed source, age, developmental stage and suitability for inclusion into animal feed are compared.

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