scholarly journals The Impact of Industrial Pollution with Toxic Gases on Stem Histological Parameters of Woody Plant Undergrowth under Conditions of the Southern Industrial Zone of the City of Dnipro, Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Iusypiva ◽  
Galyna Miasoid
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Cork Thickness ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions of sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides on stem histological parameters of the autochthonous woody plant species undergrowth ofAcer platanoidesL. andFraxinus excelsiorL., which are natural forest edificators in the steppe zone of Ukraine. It shows that stem anatomical characteristics undergo quantitative changes in the annual undergrowth shoots of the two tree species under anthropogenic burden, with the most significant changes in the area of heavy pollution. Results indicate the decrease of such stem parameters as stem and stele diameters, wood radius and primary cortex thickness under high concentrations of SO2and NO2in seedlings of both species. However, this parameter drops inA. platanoidesstems by reducing the collenchyme width, whereas it reduces inF. excelsiorstems due to cork thickness loss. Another difference in the response ofA. platanoidesto the influence of phytotoxic pollutants compared toF. excelsioris the depletion of conducting elements of its phloem, which results in thinning the stem secondary cortex. The research findings prove high vulnerability ofA. platanoidesundergrowth to the chronic SO2and NO2exposure. Therefore, this woody species is suggested to be used as a test object in monitoring research on plants of virginal group in the technogenic areas contaminated with sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides.

The Impact of Industrial Pollution on the Stem Anatomical Characteristics of Woody Plant Undergrowth in the City of Dnipro, Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tetiana Iusypiva ◽  
Galyna Miasoid
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions of sulphur (IV) and nitrogen (IV) oxides on the percentage of stem anatomical characteristics of the autochthonous woody plant species undergrowth of Acer platanoides L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. in the southern industrial zone of the city of Dnipro (Ukraine). It is ascertained, that the ratio of the primary cortex share to the central cylinder share does not change in the stems of annual shoots of the both studied woody plant species when they are exposed to the influence of the toxic gases. However, there are significant changes in the ratio of shares of histological elements in the undergrowth stems of F. excelsior. The use of both absolute and relevant values of anatomic parameters of the plant vegetative organs is needed to analyse the woody plants resistance to technogenic pollution of the environment.

scholarly journals Effect of isoprene emissions from major forests on ozone formation in the city of Shanghai, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 18527-18556 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Geng ◽  
X. Tie ◽  
A. Guenther ◽  
G. Li ◽  
J. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Production ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Continuous Oxidation ◽  
Ho2 Radical

Abstract. Ambient surface level concentrations of isoprene (C5H8) were measured in the major forest regions located south of Shanghai, China. Because there is a large coverage of broad-leaved trees in this region, high concentrations of isoprene were measured, ranging from 1 to 6 ppbv. A regional dynamical/chemical model (WRF-Chem) is applied for studying the effect of such high concentrations of isoprene on the ozone production in the city of Shanghai. The evaluation of the model shows that the calculated isoprene concentrations agree with the measured concentrations when the measured isoprene concentrations are lower than 3 ppb, but underestimate the measurements when the measured values are higher than 3 ppb. Isoprene was underestimated only at sampling sites near large bamboo plantations, a high isoprene source, indicating the need to include geospatially resolved bamboo distributions in the biogenic emission model. The assessment of the impact of isoprene on ozone formation suggests that the concentrations of peroxy radicals (RO2) are significantly enhanced due to the oxidation of isoprene, with a maximum of 30 ppt. However, the enhancement of RO2 is confined to the forested regions. Because the concentrations of NOx were low in the forest regions, the ozone production due to the oxidation of isoprene (C5H8 + OH →→ RO2 + NO →→ O3) is low (less than 2–3 ppb/h). The calculation further suggests that the oxidation of isoprene leads to the enhancement of carbonyls (such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in the regions downwind of the forests, due to continuous oxidation of isoprene in the forest air. As a result, the concentrations of HO2 radical are enhanced, resulting from the photo-disassociation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Because the enhancement of HO2 radical occurs in regions downwind of the forests, the enhancement of ozone production (6–8 ppb/h) is higher than in the forest region, causing by higher anthropogenic emissions of NOx. This study suggests that the biogenic emissions in the major forests to the south of Shanghai have important impacts on the levels of ozone in the city, mainly due to the carbonyls produced by the continuous oxidation of isoprene in the forest air.

scholarly journals Impact of Religious Self-Identification and Church Attendance on Social Distance toward Muslims

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Krunoslav Malenica ◽  
Vlaho Kovačević ◽  
Goran Kardum
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In the context of our work, we want to point out how religion has multiple social functions and as such, under certain circumstances, can serve as a fertile soil for distance and closeness. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of religious self-identification and church attendance on social distance toward Muslims. We applied a questionnaire to students of the University of Split, the city which is geographically in vicinity of the complex of ethnic and religious context of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results showed that religious self-identification and church attendance significantly influence the level of social distance toward Muslims. Believers showed a significantly higher level of social distance, in comparison to respondents who belong but not believe, and others. Respondents who attend church daily or once a week have also a higher level of social distance in comparison to respondents who attend church monthly or rarely and those who never attend church. We have tried to explain the reasons for such research findings, relying on various national, cultural, religious and psychological factors that have been present in the last twenty years after the war in this region.

The impact of different levels of sodium chloride on the quantitative changes of chlorophyll and carotenoids in chloroplasts of Elodea canadensis (Michx. 1803)

Biologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Petjukevičs ◽  
Anna Batjuka ◽  
Nataļja Škute
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Elodea Canadensis ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
The Impact

In this study we used spectrophotometry to investigate the effect of negative concentrations of sodium chloride ions on photosynthetic pigments in <i>Elodea canadensis</i> (Michx. 1803). The concentrations of pigments, carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, in plant leaves provide information about the physiological state of plants and were determined using a spectrophotometer. Quantity and dynamics analyses of photosynthetic pigments are effective methods which allow determining changes in metabolites of plant cells even at insignificant cellular damage. During this research photosynthetic pigments in leaves were obtained at the different sodium chloride levels: 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M. The results of this research indicate that these types of stressors at high concentrations: 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0  M after a prolonged time of impact on plant leaves lead to a decrease of photosynthetic pigments and inhibit growth and development of a plant as a whole.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring of the toxic effects of industrial emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Natalia Vasilevskaya ◽  
Polina Osechinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Gamete Formation ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article presents results of studying the impact of industrial emissions of the Apatit project (Murmansk region) on the fertility and sterility of pollen of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). A low share of fertile pollen (49.3–57.4%) and high ratio of sterile pollen (42.6–50.7%) are revealed in the samples from the city of Apatity under study. The study calculated the palynotoxic effect of the industrial emissions. Shown the toxic effect of emissions of the apatite-nepheline complex on male gametophyte of Scotch pine and the process of gamete formation. The ecological safety of the city of Apatity is closely related to the problems of the complex use of apatite-nepheline ores and the minimization of storage of waste in tailing dumps.

scholarly journals The daytime woody plants water output by transpiration

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Medet Kenjebaevich Akhmatov ◽  
Petr Salaš
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Water Output ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City ◽  
Physiological Research

For the ecological-physiological research, and in particular water exchange, it is necessary to study a plant entire. The data about the daytime change of whole woody plant transpiration help to determine a degree of this or that woody species influence on air humidizing and that way on a microclimate as well, and also to receive necessary information about rational formation of woody plantings as the city boundaries and forest shelterbelts and on sites with various water-security.

A Study of Disintegration of Lahore from a City of Gardens to a City of Congestion

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Ayesha Mehmood Malik ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf Awan ◽  
Rashid Memoona
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Government ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Property Destruction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Historically, Lahore is known as the city of gardens. The Mughal emperors, Sikh Raj and the British colonial rulers developed several parks in and around the city of Lahore which continue to provide the much needed public space for the city's growing population. However, the present government has been enacting massive road development projects which include mass-transit, signal free corridors and overpasses. This has led to an increased urban sprawl and property destruction as more and more space is required for the widening of roads and construction work. Historical sites, including parks, tombs and graveyards, mosques, churches and government offices etc are under severe threat due to these expansionist policies. Apart from the encroachments, Lahore's air quality has been deteriorating at a steep pace due to vehicular traffic and industrial emissions. This paper des-cribes the extent and nature of damages to several historical building facades and their structures. These buildings include Jahangir's tomb, Shalimar Gardens and the Chauburji monument. Moreover, the impact of Badami Bagh Bus Terminal's location and haphazard industrial development around the heritage sites will also be discussed. The studies of various environmental regulatory bodies indicate the ambiguity in the emergence of law as the sole savior, including the judicial activism for the protection of the environment. The paper concludes that due to short-sightedness behind the urban policies of the government, serious threats are posed to cultural heritage sites and there is a strong need for their re-alignment.

scholarly journals The Impact of SO2 and NO2 Industrial Emissions on Anatomical Stem of Salix alba

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Iusypiva ◽  
Galyna Miasoid
Keyword(s):  
High Stability ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Annual Shoot ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the influence of industrial emissions SO2and NO2on the anatomical structure of the annual shoot stems ofSalixalbaL. in conditions of steppe zone of Ukraine. It reveals high stability of histological characteristics of the studied type to phytotoxic pollutants, which was proved by thickening of almost all anatomical stem parameters. It was ascertained the toxic gases chronic effect results in increasing the thickness of the stem cortex in the research object through the increase of the primary cortex where collenchyme and parenchyma grow thicker, and through thickening the secondary cortex as hard bast indices rise. The study proved that toxic gases do not affect the wood radius and pith diameter, though the biggest trachea diameter increases significantly. It has shown the thickening of both primary cortex and secondary cortex which contribute to the change of the diameter of annual shoot stems ofS.albain conditions of technogenesis. The high adaptive capacity of anatomical indicators of this plant species stem to industrial pollution has been demonstrated, and therefore it was suggested thatS. albacan be used for planting the areas subject to chronic actions of SO2and NO2.

scholarly journals Rekayasa Model Perencanaan Transportasi dalam Menciptakan Mobilitas yang Aman pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 (Studi Kasus : Mobilitas Mahasiswa di Jawa Timur)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Alfiatus Aisyah Nurhidayah ◽  
Amanda Ristriana Pattisinai
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The mobility restriction policy imposed in response to the increasing transmission of Covid-19 brought changes in people's travel behavior, both at the global and local levels. The four traditional models at the transportation planning stage became biased because the need for travel was different during this pandemic. This study aimed to create a modification of transportation planning, where the mobility continues to use the existing four-stage transportation planning model but at the same time ensures safety from the dangers of Covid-19 transmission. The survey was conducted online on students (N=100) spread across cities in East Java Province, where the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the implementation of higher education, especially student mobility. The research findings indicated that students still travel actively to universities. The student's motive for traveling was only because of important and urgent matters dominated by work and receiving news of death from family. In contrast, the majority used private vehicles, especially on trips within the city. However, the tendency to use public transportation when traveling long distances was also still in demand by respondents. 

scholarly journals Effect of isoprene emissions from major forests on ozone formation in the city of Shanghai, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 10449-10459 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Geng ◽  
X. Tie ◽  
A. Guenther ◽  
G. Li ◽  
J. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Production ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Continuous Oxidation ◽  
Ho2 Radical

Abstract. Ambient surface level concentrations of isoprene (C5H8) were measured in the major forest regions located south of Shanghai, China. Because there is a large coverage of broad-leaved trees in this region, high concentrations of isoprene were measured, ranging from 1 to 6 ppbv. A regional dynamical/chemical model (WRF-Chem) is applied for studying the effect of such high concentrations of isoprene on the ozone production in the city of Shanghai. The evaluation of the model shows that the calculated isoprene concentrations agree with the measured concentrations when the measured isoprene concentrations are lower than 3 ppb, but underestimate the measurements when the measured values are higher than 3 ppb. Isoprene was underestimated only at sampling sites near large bamboo plantations, a high isoprene source, indicating the need to include geospatially resolved bamboo distributions in the biogenic emission model. The assessment of the impact of isoprene on ozone formation suggests that the concentrations of peroxy radicals (RO2) are significantly enhanced due to the oxidation of isoprene, with a maximum of 30 ppt. However, the enhancement of RO2 is confined to the forested regions. Because the concentrations of NOx were low in the forest regions, the ozone production due to the oxidation of isoprene (C5H8 + OH → → RO2 + NO → → O3) is low (less than 2–3 ppb h−1). The calculation further suggests that the oxidation of isoprene leads to the enhancement of carbonyls (such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in the regions downwind of the forests, due to continuous oxidation of isoprene in the forest air. As a result, the concentrations of HO2 radical are enhanced, resulting from the photo-disassociation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Because the enhancement of HO2 radical occurs in regions downwind of the forests, the enhancement of ozone production (6–8 ppb h−1) is higher than in the forest region, causing by higher anthropogenic emissions of NOx. This study suggests that the biogenic emissions in the major forests to the south of Shanghai have important impacts on the levels of ozone in the city, mainly due to the carbonyls produced by the continuous oxidation of isoprene in the forest air.

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