scholarly journals Chilling-Requirement Release of Seed and Bud Dormancy in Apricot

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Seif El-Yazal ◽  
Samir A. Seif El-Yazal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

Dormancy shows common physiological features in buds and seeds. Specific period of chilling is usually required to release dormancy. Reproductive meristems and embryos display dormancy mechanisms in specialized structures named respectively buds and seeds that arrest the growth of perennial plants until environmental conditions are optimal for survival. Chilling requirements for breaking dormancy were studied for 3 successive years in 20 seedling apricot trees which spanned the range of flowering times in these trees. Different methods for estimating chilling requirements were evaluated and compared, and correlations between chilling requirements and flowering date were established. The trees examined showed a range of chilling requirements, chill hours (CH) between 199 CH and 274 CH, and chill units, (CU), between 612CU and 873CU. The results obtained in different years by the Utah and Dynamic models were more homogeneous with respect to the hours below 7 °C model. The apricot trees showed important differences concerning flowering date, and the results indicate a high positive correlation between chilling requirements and flowering date.Moreover, a specific low-temperature stratification treatment was required to overcome seed dormancy. 5°C cold stratification was found to be the best for breaking seed dormancy and germination. Increased seed germination percentage was recorded when the period of stratification prolonged. Apricot seeds required a cold stratification of about 12-15 days to reach maximum germination.

scholarly journals Dormancy-Breaking and Germination Requirements for Seeds of Sorbus alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch (Rosaceae), a Mesic Forest Tree with High Ornamental Potential

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Yuhan Tang ◽  
Keliang Zhang ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Jun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Breaking Dormancy

Sorbus alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch (Rosaceae) is an economically important tree in the temperate forests of Eastern China. In recent decades, ever-increasing use and modification of forestlands have resulted in major degeneration of the natural habitat of S. alnifolia. Moreover, S. alnifolia seeds germinate in a complicated way, leading to a high cost of propagation. The current study aimed to determine the requirements for breaking seed dormancy and for germination as well as to characterize the type of seed dormancy present in this species. Moreover, the roles of temperature, cold/warm stratification, and gibberellic acid (GA3) in breaking dormancy were tested combined with a study of the soil seed bank. The results showed that intact seeds of S. alnifolia were dormant, requiring 150 days of cold stratification to achieve the maximum germination percentage at 5/15 °C. Exposure of the seeds to ranges of temperatures at 15/25 °C and 20/30 °C resulted in secondary dormancy. Scarifying seed coat and partial removal of the cotyledon promoted germination. Compared with long-term cold stratification, one month of warm stratification plus cold stratification was superior in breaking dormancy. Application of GA3 did not break the dormancy during two months of incubation. Seeds of S. alnifolia formed a transient seed bank. The viability of freshly matured S. alnifolia seeds was 87.65% ± 11.67%, but this declined to 38.25% after 6-months of storage at room temperature. Seeds of S. alnifolia have a deep physiological dormancy; cold stratification will be useful in propagating this species. The long chilling requirements of S. alnifolia seeds would avoid seedling death in winter.

scholarly journals Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lian-Wei Qu ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Han-Ping Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Heat Treatments on Seed Germination of Rice: An Approach to Restore Seed Viability

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Monoj Sutradhar ◽  
Subhasis Samanta ◽  
Brijesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Md. Nasim Ali ◽  
Nirmal Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
One Year

Dormancy in rice serves as a mechanism of survival by protecting the seed from germinating in the mother plants; however, it becomes a problem in germination during sowing in soil or under in vitro conditions. This study was conducted to determine the effect of heat treatment and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatment of seeds on dormancy alleviation. The seeds included both freshly harvested seeds and one-year-old stored seeds, which were tested for germination after different types of seed treatments. Both the treatments increased the germination percentage in seeds, however, it was lesser in the case of old seeds. The best results were obtained from 2% NaOCl treatment for 24 hrs in new seeds, i.e. 92.84±0.103 % germination percentage (GP). However, the higher GP in old seeds were obtained from 48 hrs of heat-treated seeds i.e. 82.9±0.509 % GP. The results of the experiment revealed that rice seeds start to lose viability within a year due to seed dormancy, but this can be reversed with proper measures. These methods of breaking seed dormancy can be considered effective to break seed dormancy and improve seed germination in rice.

scholarly journals Improving Germination Rate of Coastal Glehnia by Cold Stratification and Pericarp Removal

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Moon-Sun Yeom ◽  
Thi Kim Loan Nguyen ◽  
Ju-Sung Cho ◽  
Myung-Min Oh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Glehnia Littoralis ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Inhibited Water

The medicinal plant, coastal glehnia (Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq.), belongs to the Apiaceae, which is known to exhibit morpho-physiological seed dormancy (MPD). In this study, we aimed to determine the dormancy type of this plant, along with the conditions for breaking dormancy, and how to increase its germination rate for mass production. Initially, the seeds of coastal glehnia had undeveloped embryos, which gradually developed following cold (5 °C) stratification over eight weeks. The embryo to seed (E:S) ratio increased to 66.7%, confirming that the seeds had the MPD type. Coastal glehnia seeds with pericarp did not show inhibited water uptake, and the germination inhibitory chemicals were not detected. However, removal of the pericarp improved the final germination percentage, germination speed, and T50 of coastal glehnia seeds compared with those of seeds with pericarp at 20 °C, which showed the highest value compared with other temperature treatments. Thus, cold stratification at 5 °C for eight weeks and removing the pericarp of germinating seeds maintained at 20 °C is efficient ways to break dormancy and improve the germination rate for the mass production of coastal glehnia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of several methods for breaking dormancy of bitter vetch seeds (Vicia ervilia L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Reza Rouhi ◽  
Ali Sepehri ◽  
Leila Sefidkhani ◽  
Fatemeh Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Germination Parameters

Abstract This study analysed the effects of different treatments on breaking dormancy and germination of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) freshly harvested seeds for seeding immediately. Partial scarified seeds (30 seconds with sandpaper) were subjected to different treatments including: GA3 (250, 500 and 750 ppm), KNO3 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% w/v), cold stratification (2, 4 and 6 days), sulfuric acid (25, 50 and 75 seconds), hot water (90°C; for 2.5 and 5 minutes), hydropriming via seed soaking in distilled water (4 and 8 hours) and mechanical scarification. Among the mentioned treatments, cold stratification for 6 days had a best effect on germination related parameters final germination percentage, mean germination time and vigour indexthan the other periods. In contrast to scarification with acid and hot water, mechanical scarification improved germination parameters but this effect was lower than the cold stratification. The results suggest that bitter vetch seed has both physical and physiological dormancy.

Seed treatments alleviate dormancy of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renci Xiong ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Hanwen Wu ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Weili Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

AbstractField bindweed, a member of the Convolvulaceae family, is a problematic perennial weed in cotton fields and orchards in northwest China. The species exhibits strong seed dormancy, causing delayed germination. A clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in alleviating seed dormancy is important for effective plant propagation and successful management of field bindweed. Experiments were conducted to investigate seed germination and radicle growth of field bindweed by breaking seed dormancy using mechanical scarification, sulfuric acid, hot-water scarification, cold stratification, and chemical treatment. Chemical treatments (gibberellic acid or potassium nitrate) had no effect on breaking seed dormancy, whereas mechanical scarification (sandpaper and blade) resulted in 92% to 98% seed germination, indicating that seed dormancy of field bindweed was mainly due to the presence of a hard seed coat. Seeds pretreated with 80% sulfuric acid for 15 to 60 min or 98% sulfuric acid for 15 to 30 min had germination rates above 80%, and soaking seeds in 70 C water for 4 to 16 min or in boiling water for 5 to 20s were effective in breaking seed dormancy but had no effect on the radicle growth of field bindweed. Cold stratification at 5 C for 2 to 8wk partially accelerated seed dormancy release, resulting in 53% to 67% seed germination. Results indicated that field bindweed could potentially form a persistent soil seed bank with physically dormant seed; therefore, strategies for eliminating seed production should be adopted.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitric Oxide on Seed Germination and Dormancy in Empress Trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Tingting Xue ◽  
Yongbao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tree Seeds

Freshly harvested empress tree (Paulownia elongata) seeds have physiologic dormancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the dormancy and germination of empress tree seeds. After treatment with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (an NO-releasing compound) solution, the germination percentage of seeds under 12 h of continuous light was significantly greater. Seed germination percentage was promoted significantly by 10–4 M sodium nitroprusside plus cold stratification compared with seeds treated with cold stratification only. At different hours during imbibition, empress tree seeds treated with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5- tetramethylimidazoline -1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (c-PTIO), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and sodium tungstate showed reduced seed germination percentages. During the early hours of imbibition, c-PTIO or sodium tungstate treatment inhibited seed germination significantly. The results showed that both exogenous and endogenous NO can release empress tree seed dormancy. Endogenous NO oxide was involved in dormancy release and germination of seeds during the early stages of imbibition. Wider application of NO may be used for breaking seed dormancy in other species.

scholarly journals Germination of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. Seed Is Enhanced by Stratification, Benzyladenine, or Thiourea but not Gibberellic Acid

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Parks ◽  
Thomas H. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
Blotter Paper

The effects of stratification, BA, thiourea, and GA3 were examined on germination of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. seed. Seeds were germinated at 20 °C and numbers of germinated seed were counted daily for 21 days. The final germination percentage (G) for seeds stored dry at 4 °C for 0 to 10 weeks ranged from 52% to 64%, while stratification at 4 °C for 10 weeks increased G to 98% and decreased the days to 50% of final germination (T50) and the days between 10% and 90% germination (T90-T10). Aqueous solutions of BA at 10 or 100 mg·L-1 applied to blotter paper increased G and decreased T50 but did not affect T90-T10. In a separate experiment, dry seeds were treated for 3 minutes in BA at 0 to 1126 mg·L-1 dissolved in acetone. G values increased quadratically, whereas T50 and T90-T10 values decreased quadratically in response to BA concentration. A 3-minute preplant acetone permeation of seeds with BA at 225 or 1127 mg·L-1 yielded G and T50 values similar to those obtained with 10 weeks of stratification. Seeds immersed in thiourea at 0.76 or 7.61 mg·L-1 for 24 hours prior to sowing had higher G and lower T50 values than controls (0 mg·L-1 thiourea), but T90-T10 values were similar for all treatments. Seeds treated with GA3 at 1, 10, or 100 mg·L-1 in H2O did not differ from controls (0 mg·L-1 GA3) in G, T50, or T90-T10. Infusion of BA via acetone may be a practical means of breaking seed dormancy and accelerating germination in L. spicata. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine [benzyladenine (BA)]; gibberellic acid (GA3); thiocarbamide (thiourea).

scholarly journals PERSISTENSI DAN PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BENIH CABAI RAWIT LOKAL MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK BIO-INVIGORASI BENIH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Jefi Saputra ◽  
Riska Audina Amir ◽  
Nur Mumin ◽  
Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Persistence and Breaking of Local Chilli Seed Dormancy Using Seed Bio-Invigoration Techniques. This study aims to evaluate the persistence of local chilli seed dormancy while evaluating seed bio-invigoration techniques that effectively break the dormancy of local chilli. The study consisted of two series of experiments, namely: the persistence test of local chilli. seed dormancy (Series 1) was observed descriptively using a germination indicator for several weeks to reach a germination percentage ≥ 80%. Testing of seed dormancy breakage by seed bio-invigoration technique (Series 2) using a randomized complete design with 3 replications and 7 treatments namely: no treatment (A0), matriconditioning of husk charcoal powder (SAS) + Bacillus sp. CKD061 (A1), matriconditioning SAS + Pseudomonas sp. TBT214 (A2), red brick powder matriconditioning (SBM) + Bacillus sp. CKD061 (A3), matriconditioning SBM + Pseudomonas sp. TBT214 (A4), matriconditioning SAS + Bacillus sp. CKD061 + Pseudomonas sp. TBT214 (A5), and matriconditioning SBM + Bacillus sp. CKD061 + Pseudomonas sp. TBT214 (A6). The results showed that the persistence of local chilli seed dormant cultivars Konsel 1 and Konsel 2 cultivars were 6 weeks. While the dormancy break test on the Konsel 1 cultivar was 2 weeks at A1 treatment with breaking dormancy of 90.00%. While in Konsel 2 cultivar which is 4 weeks in the A6 treatment with breaking dormancy  86.67% which is significantly different from the control. This study shows that A1 treatment can break dormancy of chilli seeds in Konsel 1 cultivar and A6 treatment in Konsel 2 cultivar. 

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