scholarly journals Desinvestimento industrial e as regiões portuguesas. Reflexos da mudança no espaço económico internacional

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Vale ◽  
Rui Dias
Keyword(s):  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Strategic Option ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Industrial Employment ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Foreign Divestment ◽  
Spatial Impacts

INDUSTRIAL DIVESTMENT AND PORTUGUESE REGIONS WITHIN THE CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SPACE. The spatial impacts of capital mobility, especially foreign capital, are becoming increasingly complex and are extent, divestment is, in essence, another strategic option of firms and it may not be necessarily negative for regions. Still, the impacts are not identical to investment. In economic analysis, divestment in certain activities is seen as necessary to achieve regional economic restructuring. However, the time gap between the creation and destruction of activities frequently causes social and economic problems in regions. Starting with a conceptual framework of divestment, we then analyse the recent evolution of industrial employment and product in order to provide a macro-economic framework for the analysis of employment creation and destruction flows that follows. This analysis has a sectorial and regional perspective aimed at identifying different paths by regions. Finally, specific cases of foreign divestment, which have recently occurred in Portugal, are discussed, illustrating not only a micro-economic perspective of divestment but also the changes in the global value chains that point to a (re)positioning of the country in the international division of labour.

Globalization, Financial Development and Income Inequality

2015 ◽  
pp. 349-374
Author(s):  
Görkem Bahtiyar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Portfolio Investments

Globalization, as a concept has three main aspects: economic, political and social. Economic globalization in general, refers to the liberalization of trade between countries and increasing mobility of factors. In the case of factor mobility, capital flows come to the fore. Increasing capital mobility in the form of foreign direct investment and more importantly, portfolio investments, apart from causing a new international division of labour among regions of the world, also have important effects on the financialization phenomenon, changes in income distribution and changing institutional structures. Developments in information-telecommunication technologies, changing patterns in intellectual sphere, as well as in political and economic institutions especially after the mid-1970s play a role in the rise of financial globalization. Financial liberalization has been celebrated since McKinnon (1973)-Shaw (1973), but the Great Recession sparked doubts on the ability of unchecked financial development on providing a solid and fair foundation of economic development.

Renegotiating the Domestic Division of Labour? A Study of Dual Career Households in North East and South East England

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Gregson ◽  
Michelle Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South East England ◽  
Shed Light

This paper is concerned with extending debate on the renegotiation of the domestic division of labour within the context of contemporary economic restructuring. Our focus is on a form of household which is becoming increasingly common in Britain in the 1990s. This is the dual career household, in which both partners are in full time professional/managerial employment. A sample of 71 households drawn from the North east and South east, forms the basis for the study. The paper is divided into three main sections. In the first we establish a typology of forms of the domestic division of labour, as well as a means of allocating individual households to particular forms of the domestic division of labour. Then we move on to discuss the degree of variation in particular forms of the domestic division of labour found within our sample households and illustrate these with reference to five case studies. In our final section we consider the implications of our findings for the respective arguments of Lydia Morris and Jane Wheelock; point to the significance of gender identities to an understanding of between household variation in form of the domestic division of labour; and suggest how our findings shed light on the debate over women and social class.

Industrial Restructuring and Labour-Market Adjustment under Positive Noninterventionism: The Case of Hong Kong

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
T-L Lui ◽  
S Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Market Strategies

This paper is an attempt to probe the interactions of economic restructuring and labour-market development in the process of industrial development in contemporary Hong Kong. The discussion is mainly divided into two parts. First is an examination of the development of the Hong Kong economy in the context of the changing world economy and, in particular, the effects of the structuring of the global division of labour on changes in the economic structure of Hong Kong in the 1980s. The growth of the tertiary sector and the concomitant process of deindustrialisation stand out as the two most important features of the Hong Kong economy in the 1980s and the years to come. Second the kinds of labour-market strategy developed in response to changes in the economic structure are examined. The recent debate on the importation of labour and the growing concern of industrial relocation reflect the developing pattern of labour-market adjustment. It is contended that in order to grasp the dynamics of the structuring of labour-market strategies, the interactions among the international economic environment, state policy, the formation of industrial capital, and the bargaining power of labour must be probed. The case of Hong Kong is one characterised by the dominance of small local manufacturing establishments, a noninterventionist state, underdeveloped shop-floor or labour organisations, and an industrial economy heavily dependent on exports. All these factors contribute to the constitution of the ‘Hong Kong way’ of continuing labour-intensive production and making adjustments in labour-market strategies to cope with the process of economic restructuring.

The Organization of Traditional Weaving in Iseyin, Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
North West ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Industrial Employment ◽  
Postal Services ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Economic Specialization ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Opening ParagraphThe Yoruba town of Iseyin, 55 miles north-west of the city of Ibadan, is a traditional settlement with little economic specialization or division of labour other than according to sex. There is no factory development or industrial employment in the town. In the local tax returns for 1966, 88 per cent of the male taxpayers recorded farming as their primary occupation and the basis of the town's economy is still agricultural. Iseyin is now influenced by modern media of communication, however—by road, radio and the postal services—and its economy is responding to consumer demands in the large cities of Ibadan, Abeokuta and Lagos, in addition to those of its own locality. This applies also to the hand-weaving products for which Iseyin is well-known throughout Nigeria.

scholarly journals Reshaping the Division of Labour: Work and Class in New Zealand Since the 1980s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Patrick Ongley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Job Growth ◽  
Restructuring Process

<p>This thesis is concerned with the relationship between economic restructuring, the changing division of labour and social stratification, with particular reference to New Zealand in the period since the 1980s. It begins with a critique of theories of capitalist development, leading to the adoption of an approach which focuses on both the longterm evolution of the division of labour and the ways in which production and employment are subject to periodic upheavals from episodes of economic crisis and restructuring. The regulation approach is used to analyse the restructuring of the New Zealand economy following the global crisis of the 1970s, which transformed it from a model based on mass production and interventionist regulation to one based on flexible production and liberal regulation. This provides a context for analysing related changes in employment, focussing particularly on the massive job losses in New Zealand’s goods-producing industries, the subsequent period of high unemployment and the eventual resurgence in job growth based on more flexible use of labour, expansion in producer and consumer service industries, and growth in both skilled and routine whitecollar occupations. The remainder of the thesis is concerned with the effects of these changes on patterns of social stratification. A consideration of the theoretical and conceptual issues surrounding class, stratification and the division of labour leads to the development of a model of class structure based on relations of production and hierarchical divisions of labour. Census data is reclassified to fit the model and analysed to show changes in patterns of stratification since the 1980s, looking particularly at shifts in the relative size and composition of middle-class and working-class employment and the implications for class formation. The model is also used to analyse changes in structural inequalities between the sexes and between ethnic groups, with a focus on the ways in which different groups were affected by the restructuring process and how this was influenced by historically gendered and ethnicised divisions of labour. The thesis concludes with an assessment of the extent of change in employment and stratification and whether this is indicative of a transition to a post-industrial economy.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Lifelong Learning in the Creation of a European Knowledge-Based Society

2009 ◽  
pp. 775-783
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Ramalho Correia ◽  
Anabela Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
First World

The dominant discourse in education and training policies, at the turn of the millennium, was on lifelong learning (LLL) in the context of a knowledge-based society. As Green points (2002, pp. 611-612) several factors contribute to this global trend: The demographic change: In most advanced countries, the average age of the population is increasing, as people live longer; The effects of globalisation: Including both economic restructuring and cultural change which have impacts on the world of education; Global economic restructuring: Which causes, for example, a more intense demand for a higher order of skills; the intensified economic competition, forcing a wave of restructuring and creating enormous pressure to train and retrain the workforce In parallel, the “significance of the international division of labour cannot be underestimated for higher education”, as pointed out by Jarvis (1999, p. 250). This author goes on to argue that globalisation has exacerbated differentiation in the labour market, with the First World converting faster to a knowledge economy and a service society, while a great deal of the actual manufacturing is done elsewhere.

Discontinuities in Regional Development

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Gertler
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Catastrophe Theory ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Alternative Conception ◽  
Catastrophic Shift ◽  
Catastrophic Shifts

Historically, geographers have been keen to adopt bodies of theory from other disciplines in a somewhat uncritical manner. This practice has surfaced again in the recent attempts to apply notions from catastrophe theory to the study of regional development. This paper is an examination of one such application to the modeling of interregional capital flows and critically evaluates it from a number of perspectives. On empirical grounds, there is little evidence that ‘catastrophic’ shifts in the geography of US manufacturing capital have indeed occurred. The presumption of a catastrophic shift is shown to be based on poor empirical indicators of capital mobility or on an incomplete understanding of the process of interregional investment decisions. The paper offers an alternative conception of this process in which the Kaldorian principles of scale economies, specialization, and division of labour are shown to be in continuing operation, albeit now in a spatially discontinuous manner.

New Approaches to Economic Life: Economic Restructuring: Unemployment and the Social Division of Labour.

Social Forces ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1148
Author(s):  
David Elesh ◽  
Bryan Roberts ◽  
Ruth Finnegan ◽  
Duncan Gallie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Social Division ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Social
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