scholarly journals Institutionalization: A Theory of Human Behavior and the Social Environment

10.18060/143 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam McNown Johnson ◽  
Rita Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Institutional Placement ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Directions

Institutionalism is the syndrome first recognized and described in inpatient psychiatric facilities,which is now used to describe a set of maladaptive behaviors that are evoked by the pressures of living in any institutional setting. This article traces the development of the theory of institutionalization, which predicts and explains an individual’s response to that particular type of environment. The article makes note of key contributors and contributions, and of empirical studies that have advanced the theory. Underlying perspectives and assumptions are identified and earlier theoretical models are reviewed and critiqued. An updated model of the theory, which includes individual vulnerabilities, objective conditions of the institutional placement, and the resident’s perceptions of the environment, is presented. New directions in the field of institutional care and implications for social workers, particularly for those working in nursing home and prison settings, are discussed, along with recommendations for next steps for theory progression.

Reflections from EDI Conference

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Georgiadou
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the research presented at the 2016 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) Conference in Nicosia, Cyprus. Design/methodology/approach The report is based on six papers, of interest to Equality, Diversity and Inclusion readers, which were selected from the proceedings and presentations made at the conference. The papers vary in terms of research design, methodology and approach. There was a mix of conceptual/review papers and empirical studies, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Findings The papers presented new directions on equality, diversity and inclusion research. Findings from exploratory papers indicated the need to develop an understanding of the notion of solidarity and the divisive and inclusive elements of the enactment of solidarity. Empirical studies reveal that women and people from black and minority ethnic communities continue to be excluded and marginalized, whereas there is a call for greater consideration of age in the social, economic, political and market arenas. Originality/value This report integrates unique insights on “Equality, Diversity and Inclusion and Human Rights in Times of Austerity”, as these were presented and discussed at the EDI 2016 Conference.

scholarly journals Social genetic effects (IGE) and genetic intra- and intersexual genetic correlation contribute to the total heritable variance in parental care

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schroeder ◽  
Hannah Louise Dugdale ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Alex Sparks ◽  
Terry Burke
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Male Trait ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
The Social

The social environment can influence phenotypes through indirect genetic effects (IGEs), whereby genetic variance among interacting individuals explains some of the phenotypic variance. Empirical studies of wild populations often ignore IGEs especially among unrelated individuals, probably due to data limitations. This is problematic because IGEs can crucially affect estimates of heritable variation and subsequently influence the predicted evolutionary change. We here present a quantitative genetic analysis of biparental care in a natural bird population using a genetic pedigree. For both sexes, the conventionally calculated repeatability (15% in the female trait and 19% in the male trait) was lower than the total heritable variation including IGEs (24% in the female trait, and 25% in the male trait). These estimates of total heritable variation was also larger compared to conventionally calculated heritability (13% in both sexes), suggesting that parental care can evolve through social selection. Furthermore, we detected statistically significant genetic covariance between direct genetic effects, and between IGEs and direct genetic effects. Our work showcases how IGEs can represent substantial and important hidden heritable variance and highlights the importance of considering IGEs for theoretical models of parental care for ecology and evolution.

scholarly journals Key category of analysing relationships in inclusive classrooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Yudina ◽  
S.V. Alekhina
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Inclusive Classrooms ◽  
Inclusive Process ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Social

The article is devoted to theoretical models, able to validate the methodology of empirical study of relationships in inclusive classes. It discusses the model of social participation suggested by researchers from the Netherlands and designed after the analysis of a number of scientific publications. The article presents an overview of systematic empirical studies of foreign scholars in accordance with the model of social participation. This model is mapped to the structure of the social situation of development proposed by O.A. Karabanova. In authors’ opinion , the concept and the structure of the social situation of development allows analyzing relationships in inclusive classrooms in more details, assessing the psychological and pedagogical conditions and describing the educational effects of inclusive process in education

scholarly journals GAMIFICATION IN TRAINING OF SOCIAL WORKERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Maryna Vasylieva ◽  
Inna Romanova ◽  
Irina Sheplyakova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Social Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Increasing Demand

The article analyzes the meaning of the concept of "gamification". It is determined that since 2011 the number of specialized conferences, books and research on the topic of gamification has increased, but its content is interpreted differently by scientists: both as a process and as a set of techniques or techniques. It is characterized that gamification in education is used in two meanings: in a broad sense - the game shell (attributes, techniques, elements) is used without the use of ICT; in the narrow - gamification is based on the use of ICT (video games, specialized programs, etc.). The purpose of using gamification at higher education institutions in experimental research is clarified. The main components of gamification are identified. It has been found that scientists warn against mechanistic using of marketing methods in education. Experiences of using gamification in the training of social workers (Concordia University (Portland, USA) and the Center for Applied Social Research RTIM (Australia)) are analyzed. The most common practices are identified: online courses (MOOK) in the social field, trainings, gamification support platforms; 3D virtual environment. It has been found that gamification has not yet become widespread in the training of social workers. It is determined that the results of empirical studies of the effectiveness of gamification for the quality of training of social workers are different and reveal complications of technical, psychological and pedagogical nature. The factors that limit the introduction of gamification in the educational process are described. The possibilities of using gamification in the training of social workers in higher education institutions are generalized. It is determined that the choice of types and methods of implementation of game elements should be determined by the teacher depending on the general objectives of the discipline, ensuring the implementation of the educational program, and comply with the Standard for training a specialist in the social field. Increasing demand for distance learning services will expand the search for ways to use gamification in the training of social workers. It is planned to develop a general game scenario for a discipline in the LMS Moodle environment for distance learning of future social workers.

scholarly journals THE QUALIFICATION IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL WORKERS WORKING IN CHILDREN‘S CARE HOMES IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR RESTRUCTURING

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Vida Gudzinskienė ◽  
Rita Raudeliūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Life

The article analyses the qualification improvement of social workers, who work in children‘s care homes, in the context of their restructuring. A qualitative-empirical study has been conducted by using the method of a semi-structured interview. The study data were processed by using the method of content analysis. The results of the empirical study are based on the experience of 14 social workers, who work in care institutions, which participate in the restructuring, which consists of the changeover from institutional care to the services that are provided to children, who have become destitute of parental care, in a family and community. Internal (an aspiration for a continuous qualification improvement and the desire to share professional experience) and external (changes related to the restructuring, ever higher requirements for social workers, the encouragement and support of the administration of institutions to improve their qualification) stimuli to improve qualification have been highlighted. The most relevant topics of qualification improvement for social workers are the development of personal and social skills in children, the preparation of them for an independent life, the solution of behavioural and psychological problems in children and the preparedness of social workers themselves for the restructuring and the need for supervisions. The topics, which  meet their needs, are: the development of social skills, the communication with children and the preparation of them for a family. According to the informants, there is a lack of trainings oriented towards the solution of practical problems which arise while organizing the restructuring. The following problems related to the improvement of qualification were highlighted: the mismatch between the teaching topics and the content, during the trainings for social worker, who work in children‘s care homes, the problems of other social groups, but not of children are analysed. During trainings, there is a lack of the detailed examination of the solution of practical problems. The social workers lack trainings related to the preparation for the restructuring.

Social Representation of Social Work in the Canadian Healthcare Setting: Negotiating a Professional Identity

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 2245-2265
Author(s):  
Maude Lévesque ◽  
Lilian Negura ◽  
Charles Gaucher ◽  
Marc Molgat
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Canadian Healthcare

AbstractOur article concerns the social representation of social work held by professional social workers in a Canadian healthcare setting. While there have been extensive theoretical debates on the professional identity of social workers, little is known about the representation of social work held by practitioners themselves. To better understand the viewpoints of practitioners, we performed an integrated content analysis of 30 semi-directed interviews focussing on the question of professional identity with clinical social workers practicing in three Canadian cities. The analysis identified four elements organising the social representation of social work: ‘counselling for support’, ‘empowerment and respect’, ‘social justice’ and ‘compassionate vocation’. Each element has implications for the daily practice of the profession, the cultivation of resilience and the core values of social work. This article further discusses the respondents’ perception of outside views of the profession and explores the tensions between the values of social work and its implementation in an institutional setting. This research seeks to open new lines of inquiry about social work based on the experiences and points of view of front-line practitioners. In proposing our representational analysis of the professional identity of social workers, we hope to further the understanding of social work in general.

Facilitating resident community in nursing homes: a slippery slope? An analysis on collectivistic and individualistic approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudmund Ågotnes ◽  
Christine Øye
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Everyday Life Activities

Residents in nursing homes are old and frail and are dependent on constant care, medical, or otherwise, by trained professionals. But they are also social beings, secluded in an institutional setting which is both total and foreign. In this setting, most of the residents most of the time must relate to other residents: other residents are the nursing home residents’ peers, companions, and perhaps even significant others. In this article, we will discuss how resident communities in nursing homes are influenced by the approaches of nursing home staff. Two nursing homes have been included in this article—one from Canada and one from Norway. Participant observation was conducted at these two nursing homes, predominantly focusing on everyday-life activities. The cases from Norway and Canada are illustrative of two very different general approaches to residents: one collectivistic and one individualistic. These general approaches produce different contexts for the formation and content of resident communities, greatly affecting nursing home residents. The significance of these approaches to resident community is profound and also somewhat unanticipated; the approaches of staff provide residents with different opportunities and limitations and also yield unintended consequences for the social life of residents. The two different general approaches are, we suggest, “cultural expressions,” conditioned by more than official preferences and recommendations. The difference between the institutions is, in other words, anchored in ideas and ideologies that are not explicitly addressed.

Knowing and evidencing: building a research base, mapping and modelling

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Linda Bell
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dissemination Of Research ◽  
Base Mapping

This chapter considers policies and strategies underpinning social work research and evidence-based or evidence-informed practice. It also looks at how social workers say they generate knowledge or evidence and disseminate it to others; the dissemination of research is principally via publications such as journals, and through conferences. Professional and occupational groups may be expected to develop their own knowledge base(s) that will often be situated within specific epistemological frameworks, though the nature of such frameworks is often contested. This chapter explores how, within social work and social care, theoretical models and methods of gathering evidence from practice are explained and used. Social work, though emphasising the social, may be expected to draw upon an eclectic range of social and clinical sciences, with issues of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity being identified as an important aspect of how knowledge of different kinds, although contested, can be applied to social work practice and research. The chapter also provides examples of how social workers have explained what evidence looks like to them and how they have attempted to work with evidence and research in their practice.

scholarly journals ”Vi möter de ofrivilliga” – socialsekreterare om äldre personer med missbruksproblem

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evy Gunnarsson ◽  
Lis-Bodil Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Elder Care ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
The Social

”We meet the involuntary” – social workers talk about older people with alcohol problemsSocial workers working in addiction teams in the municipalities rarely have documented collaboration with elder care managers despite the fact that older people with alcohol problems have become more common within elder care, especially home care services. There are few studies of older people with alcohol problems, and knowledge on the subject is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate how social workers within addiction treatment talk about older people with alcohol problems. Six group interviews and three individual interviews have taken place including a total of 18 social workers. The social workers came from seven different municipalities. Social workers usually meet older people with a long history of abuse and several institutional stays behind them. Many are reluctant to have further contact with social services. In the case of older persons with alcohol problems it is seldom considered appropriate to initiate treatment interventions. Older persons could however sometimes get a place at an abuse institution to get in better shape. In the interviews elder care is often looked upon as a way to get a better situation around an older person with alcohol problems. There are few treatment programmes aimed at older people with alcohol abuse problems. According to the social workers there is a lack of adequate institutional care and various social activities. Nor do older people with alcohol problems fit into activities organized by elder care. One conclusion is the need to develop different treatment interventions targeted at older people with alcohol problems as well as to develop cooperation between elder care and addiction teams.

Differences in Living Arrangements Among Older Adults Transitioning Into the Community: Examining the Impact of Race and Choice

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanee D. Fabius ◽  
Julie Robison
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Demonstration Program ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
The Impact

The federal Money Follows the Person Rebalancing Demonstration program allows nursing home residents to use Medicaid funds for home and community-based services rather than institutional care. Race, choice in housing, and challenges faced prior to transitioning may impact living arrangements following a discharge into the community. This study examines the influence of these factors on living arrangements for 659 program participants age 65 or older. Unmarried Blacks and people with financial or legal challenges are less likely to live with a live-in caregiver or in supervised housing compared with unmarried Whites. Race did not determine living arrangements among married participants, but housing transition challenges did. Findings inform policies targeting nursing home rebalancing efforts by highlighting racial diversity in living arrangements and emphasizing the need for affordable, accessible housing options for older adults of any race seeking to live in the community rather than remain in an institutional setting.

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