Evaluation of a Multi-Phase Trauma-Focused Intervention with Latino Youth

This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a multi-phase trauma-informed intervention with 24 trauma-exposed Latino youth. Treatment included a somatic-based intervention to target physiological hyperarousal symptoms and a sensory/cognitive-based trauma-focused intervention targeting stabilization of the trauma experience. Twenty-four participants completed several measures for mental health symptomatology and psychosocial functioning at baseline, at the conclusion of treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Results of paired sample t-test analyses showed significant improvements in scores on measures for trauma, anxiety, depression, psychosocial functioning, and emotional dysregulation following 12 weeks of treatment when compared to baseline. Improvements were maintained at 3-month follow-up. This community-based intervention shows promise in helping Latino children who have experienced trauma. Research using randomized controlled designs with larger samples is suggested to further test the efficacy of this intervention.

Download Full-text

Profiles of Psychosocial and Clinical Functioning in Adolescence and Risk for Later Depression

10.31234/osf.io/umc2x ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas M Olino ◽

Daniel Klein ◽

John Seeley

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Self Report ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Regression Methods ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Depression

Background: Most studies examining predictors of onset of depression focus on variable centered regression methods that focus on effects of multiple predictors. In contrast, person-centered approaches develop profiles of factors and these profiles can be examined as predictors of onset. Here, we developed profiles of adolescent psychosocial and clinical functioning among adolescents without a history of major depression. Methods: Data come from a subsample of participants from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who completed self-report measures of functioning in adolescence and completed diagnostic and self-report measures at follow-up assessments up to approximately 15 years after baseline. Results: We identified four profiles of psychosocial and clinical functioning: Thriving; Average Functioning; Externalizing Vulnerability and Family Stress; and Internalizing Vulnerability at the baseline assessment of participants without a history of depression at the initial assessment in mid- adolescence. Classes differed in the likelihood of onset and course of depressive disorders, experience of later anxiety and substance use disorders, and psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Moreover, the predictive utility of these classes was maintained when controlling for multiple other established risk factors for depressive disorders. Conclusions: This work highlights the utility of examining multiple factors simultaneously to understand risk for depression.

Download Full-text

Z-score neurofeedback, heart rate variability biofeedback, and brain coaching for older adults with memory concerns

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience ◽

10.3233/rnn-201053 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Kyle D. Meeuwsen ◽

Kayleah M. Groeneveld ◽

Linda A. Walker ◽

Anna M. Mennenga ◽

Rachel K. Tittle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Boot Camp ◽

Relative Power ◽

Z Score ◽

Subjective Memory Complaints ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Memory Complaints ◽

Anxiety Depression

Background: The three-month, multidomain Memory Boot Camp program incorporates z-score neurofeedback (NFB), heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback, and one-on-one coaching to teach memory skills and encourage behavior change in diet, sleep, physical fitness, and stress reduction. Objective: This prospective trial evaluates the Memory Boot Camp program for adults ages 55 to 85 with symptoms of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and subjective memory complaints. Methods: Participants were evaluated via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), NeuroTrax Global Cognitive Index, measures of anxiety, depression, sleep, quality of life, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), and HRV parameters at four timepoints: baseline, pre-program, post-program, and follow-up. The trial included a three-month waiting period between baseline and pre-program, such that each participant acted as their own control, and follow-up took place six months after completion of the program. Results: Participants’ MoCA scores and self-reported measures of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and quality of life improved after treatment, and these changes were maintained at follow-up. Physiological changes in HRV parameters after treatment were not significant, however, breathing rate and QEEG parameters were improved at post-program and maintained at follow-up. Finally, participants’ improvement in MoCA score over the treatment period was correlated with their improvement in two brain oscillation parameters targeted by the z-score NFB protocol: relative power of delta and relative power of theta. Conclusions: Trial results suggest that the Memory Boot Camp program is a promising treatment strategy for older adults with symptoms of MCI and subjective memory complaints.

Download Full-text

Personality Pathology Predicts Outcomes in a Treatment-Seeking Sample with Bipolar I Disorder

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2014/816524 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Susan J. Wenze ◽

Brandon A. Gaudiano ◽

Lauren M. Weinstock ◽

Ivan W. Miller

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Personality Pathology ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Categorical Approach ◽

Bipolar I Disorder ◽

Manic Symptoms ◽

Percent Time ◽

The Relationship

We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial to explore the relationship between degree of personality disorder (PD) pathology (i.e., number of subthreshold and threshold PD symptoms) and mood and functioning outcomes in Bipolar I Disorder (BD-I). Ninety-two participants completed baseline mood and functioning assessments and then underwent 4 months of treatment for an index manic, mixed, or depressed phase acute episode. Additional assessments occurred over a 28-month follow-up period. PD pathology did not predict psychosocial functioning or manic symptoms at 4 or 28 months. However, it did predict depressive symptoms at both timepoints, as well as percent time symptomatic. Clusters A and C pathology were most strongly associated with depression. Our findings fit with the literature highlighting the negative repercussions of PD pathology on a range of outcomes in mood disorders. This study builds upon previous research, which has largely focused on major depression and which has primarily taken a categorical approach to examining PD pathology in BD.

Download Full-text

Opiate dependence and pregnancy: 20-year follow-up study

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.bp.106.011585 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 450-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marie Whitty ◽

John O'Connor

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Substance Misuse ◽

Opiate Dependence ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Treatment Centre ◽

Long Term Follow Up

AIMS AND METHODThis study examined the 20-year outcome of 55 women who were pregnant and using opiates in 1985 and were attending the Drug Treatment Centre and Advisory Board, Dublin. We established outcome across a number of variables, including mortality, psychiatric and physical morbidity, psychosocial functioning, ongoing drug misuse and outcome of offspring.RESULTSAt 20-year follow-up 29 women (53%) were deceased. HIV was the commonest cause of death, accounting for 17 deaths (59%). Those who were alive at follow-up displayed high rates of unemployment (84%), illicit substance misuse (74%) and most were dependent on state-subsidised accommodation (78%).CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSMortality was higher in our group compared with other long-term follow-up samples. These findings suggest that such participants and their offspring require intensive long-term support and treatment.

Download Full-text

36.4 EMOTIONAL DYSREGULATION AND TRAUMA-INFORMED INTERVENTIONS FOR YOUTH GUN VIOLENCE IN THE ERA OF COVID-19 AND BEYOND

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 (10) ◽

pp. S54

Author(s):

Eva C. Ihle

Keyword(s):

Emotional Dysregulation ◽

Gun Violence ◽

Trauma Informed

Download Full-text

Evaluation of psychosocial functioning in the acute treatment term of major depressive disorder: a 16-week multi-centered follow-up study

Asian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102883 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102883

Author(s):

Neslihan ALTUNSOY ◽

Didem SÜCÜLLÜOĞLU DİKİCİ ◽

Fikret Poyraz ÇÖKMÜŞ ◽

Hüseyin Murat ÖZKAN ◽

Kadir AŞÇIBAŞI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Acute Treatment ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Follow Up Study

Download Full-text

Abstract 77: Ongoing Leakage Revealed by Second Phase Spot Sign Volume Expansion in Multi-Phase Computed Tomography Angiography Strongly Predicts Intracranial Hemorrhage Growth

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.77 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdulaziz Al Sultan ◽

Ericka Teleg ◽

MacKenzie Horn ◽

Piyush Ojha ◽

Linda Kasickova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volume Expansion ◽

Single Phase ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hematoma Expansion ◽

Second Phase ◽

Hematoma Volume ◽

Spot Sign ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Multi Phase

Background: CTA spot sign is a predictor of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) expansion. This sign can fluctuate in appearance, volume, and timing. Multiphase CTA (mCTA) can identify spot sign through 3 time-resolved images. We sought to identify a novel predictor of follow up total hematoma expansion using mCTA. Methods: This cohort study included patients with ICH between 2012-2019. Quantomo software was used to measure total hematoma volume (ml) from baseline CT & follow-up CT/MRI blinded to spot sign in 3 mCTA phases. Spot sign expansion was calculated by subtracting 1 st phase spot sign volume from 2 nd phase spot sign volume measured in microliters. Results: 199 patients [63% male, mean age 69 years, median NIHSS 11, IQR 6-20] were included. Median baseline ICH volume was 16.1 ml (IQR 5-29.9 ml). Amongst all three mCTA phases, spot sign was best detected on the 2nd phase (23% vs 17.5% 1 st phase vs 22% 3 rd phase). In multivariable regression, spot sign expansion was significantly associated with follow up total hematoma expansion (OR: 1.03 per microliter of spot sign expansion, p=0.01). Figure 1 shows the predicted total hematoma expansion by spot sign expansion. mCTA spot sign had a higher sensitivity for predicting total hematoma volume expansion than single-phase CTA (reported in meta-analysis of 14 studies), 86% vs 53%, respectively, while both having similar specificity, 87% vs 88%, respectively. Conclusion: Spot sign expansion on mCTA is a novel predictor of total hematoma expansion and could be used to select patients for immediate therapeutic intervention in future clinical trials. Using mCTA improves sensitivity while preserving specificity over single-phase CTA.

Download Full-text

Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events During 12 Months of Treatment with Efavirenz in a Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Population in China: A Prospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-85006/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lili Dai ◽

Sen Wang ◽

Ying Shao ◽

Yali Wang ◽

Jiangzhu Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background: Efavirenz (EFV) is a widely used antiretroviral therapy (ART), but side effect risks of neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) have not been investigated in Chinese populations receiving rapid ART. Methods: This prospective cohort study assessed HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral treatment with EFV to determine prevalence of and factors associated with NPAEs over a 12-month follow-up period using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: A total of 546 patients were enrolled. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances at baseline were 30.4%, 22.7%, and 68.1%, respectively. Six patients discontinued treatment due to drug related NPAEs. Treatment was associated with improvements in HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI scores over the 12-month follow-up, and the frequencies of patients with anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances significantly decreased after 12 months. Abnormal baseline HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI scores and other factors, including high school education or lower, unemployment, divorce, and WHO III/IV stages, were associated with severe neuropsychiatric disorders over the 12 months. Conclusions: These findings suggested EFV-based first-line antiretroviral therapy was well-tolerated and associated with improvements in HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI scores. Certain risk factors associated with neuropsychiatric disorders may be useful in identifying HIV-infected patients at higher NPAE risk.

Download Full-text

The relationships of personal and ethnic identity exploration to indices of adaptive and maladaptive psychosocial functioning

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025408098018 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 131-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Seth J. Schwartz ◽

Byron L. Zamboanga ◽

Robert S. Weisskirch ◽

Liliana Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

Personal Identity ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Ego Strength ◽

Identity Exploration ◽

Opposite Pattern ◽

Identity Confusion ◽

Internal Locus Of Control ◽

Theory Research ◽

Anxiety Depression

Identity exploration has often been associated with maladaptive aspects of psychosocial functioning such as anxiety and depression. It is not known, however, whether maladaptive psychosocial functioning is related to both personal and ethnic identity exploration. In the present study, we examined the relationships of personal and ethnic identity exploration to adaptive (self-esteem, purpose in life, internal locus of control, and ego strength) and maladaptive (depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and tolerance for deviance) psychosocial functioning, as well the extent to which these relationships were mediated by identity confusion. A multi-ethnic sample of 905 White, Black, and Hispanic university students completed measures of personal and ethnic identity exploration, as well as of adaptive and maladaptive psychosocial functioning. Current personal identity exploration was negatively associated with adaptive psychosocial functioning and was positively associated with anxiety, depression, and impulsivity. An opposite pattern of relationships emerged for past personal identity exploration. All these relationships were mediated by identity confusion — positively for current exploration and negatively for past exploration. Ethnic identity exploration was not directly associated with psychosocial functioning and evidenced only a weak association through identity confusion. These findings were consistent across gender and across the three ethnic groups studied. Implications for identity theory, research, and intervention are discussed.

Download Full-text