scholarly journals Personality Pathology Predicts Outcomes in a Treatment-Seeking Sample with Bipolar I Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Susan J. Wenze ◽  
Brandon A. Gaudiano ◽  
Lauren M. Weinstock ◽  
Ivan W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Categorical Approach ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Percent Time ◽  
The Relationship

We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial to explore the relationship between degree of personality disorder (PD) pathology (i.e., number of subthreshold and threshold PD symptoms) and mood and functioning outcomes in Bipolar I Disorder (BD-I). Ninety-two participants completed baseline mood and functioning assessments and then underwent 4 months of treatment for an index manic, mixed, or depressed phase acute episode. Additional assessments occurred over a 28-month follow-up period. PD pathology did not predict psychosocial functioning or manic symptoms at 4 or 28 months. However, it did predict depressive symptoms at both timepoints, as well as percent time symptomatic. Clusters A and C pathology were most strongly associated with depression. Our findings fit with the literature highlighting the negative repercussions of PD pathology on a range of outcomes in mood disorders. This study builds upon previous research, which has largely focused on major depression and which has primarily taken a categorical approach to examining PD pathology in BD.

The relationship between exclusion from school and mental health: a secondary analysis of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys 2004 and 2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ford ◽  
C. Parker ◽  
J. Salim ◽  
R. Goodman ◽  
S. Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundChildren with poor mental health often struggle at school. The relationship between childhood psychiatric disorder and exclusion from school has not been frequently studied, but both are associated with poor adult outcomes. We undertook a secondary analysis of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys from 2004 and its follow-up in 2007 to explore the relationship between exclusion from school and psychopathology. We predicted poorer mental health among those excluded.MethodPsychopathology was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, while psychiatric disorder was assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment and applying Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM IV) criteria. Exclusion from school and socio-demographic characteristics were reported by parents. Multi-variable regression models were used to examine the impact of individual factors on exclusion from school or psychological distress.ResultsExclusion from school was commoner among boys, secondary school pupils and those living in socio-economically deprived circumstances. Poor general health and learning disability among children and poor parental mental health were also associated with exclusion. There were consistently high levels of psychological distress among those who had experienced exclusion at baseline and follow-up.ConclusionsWe detected a bi-directional association between psychological distress and exclusion. Efforts to identify and support children who struggle with school may therefore prevent both future exclusion and future psychiatric disorder.

scholarly journals The Effect of Adjunctive Mangosteen Pericarp on Cognition in People With Schizophrenia: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
David R. Skvarc ◽  
Mohammadreza Mohebbi ◽  
Adam J. Walker ◽  
Alcy Meehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Dosing Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Cognitive impairment is prevalent and often highly burdensome in people with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate if mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) pericarp extract may be an effective intervention to improve cognitive performance in this population.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a larger randomized placebo-controlled trial that investigated a 24-weeks intervention of mangosteen pericarp extract supplementation in people diagnosed with schizophrenia. A subset of n = 114 participants with completed cognitive outcomes at follow up were included in this analysis. Using the Cogstate Brief Battery, the following cognitive outcomes were assessed: psychomotor function, attention, visual learning and memory (visual and working). Subgroup analyses investigated whether baseline clinical parameters (baseline cognitive functioning, illness severity and duration, depressive symptoms) moderated the relationship between mangosteen pericarp extract intervention and change in cognitive outcomes.Results: There were no significant between-group changes in any cognitive outcomes assessed. Subgroup analysis based on baseline cognition and clinical characteristics did not reveal any significant between-group difference in change.Conclusions: Mangosteen pericarp extract did not affect cognitive outcomes in people with schizophrenia. Further investigation regarding optimal dosing strategies for mangosteen interventions and the testing of additional cognitive domains may be warranted.Trial Registration:ANZCTR.org.au identifier: ACTRN12616000859482, registered 30 June 3 2016.

scholarly journals The relationship between pain, analgesics and survival in patients with advanced cancer; a secondary data analysis of the international European palliative care Cancer symptom study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W Boland ◽  
Victoria Allgar ◽  
Elaine G Boland ◽  
Mike I Bennett ◽  
Stein Kaasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Pain Analgesics ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Opioids reduce cancer-related pain but an association with shorter survival is variably reported. Aim: To investigate the relationship between pain, analgesics, cancer and survival within the European Palliative Care Cancer Symptom (EPCCS) study to help inform clinical decision making. Methods Secondary analysis of the international prospective, longitudinal EPCCS study which included 1739 adults with advanced, incurable cancer receiving palliative care. In this secondary analysis, for all participants with date of death or last follow up, a multilevel Weibull survival analysis examined whether pain, analgesics, and other relevant variables are associated with time to death. Results Date of death or last follow-up was available for 1404 patients (mean age 65.7 [SD:12.3];men 50%). Secondary analysis of this group showed the mean survival from baseline was 46.5 (SD:1.5) weeks (95% CI:43.6–49.3). Pain was reported by 76%; 60% were taking opioids, 51% non-opioid analgesics and 24% co-analgesics. Opioid-use was associated with decreased survival in the multivariable model (HR = 1.59 (95% CI:1.38–1.84), p < 0.001). An exploratory subgroup analysis of those with C-reactive protein (CRP) measures (n = 219) indicated higher CRP was associated with poorer survival (p = 0.001). In this model, the strength of relationship between survival and opioid-use weakened (p = 0.029). Conclusion Opioid-use and survival were associated; this relationship weakened in a small sensitivity-testing subgroup analysis adjusting for CRP. Thus, the observed relationship between survival and opioid-use may partly be due to tumour-related inflammation. Larger studies, measuring disease activity, are needed to confirm this finding to more accurately judge the benefits and risks of opioids in advanced progressive disease.

scholarly journals Sleep Disturbance and the Risk of Cognitive Decline or Clinical Conversion in the ADNI Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P. Mecca ◽  
Hannah R. Michalak ◽  
Julia W. McDonald ◽  
Emily C. Kemp ◽  
Erika A. Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Cognition

Background: We investigated the relationship between sleep disturbance and cognitive decline or clinical conversion in individuals with normal cognition (CN), as well as those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD-dementia). Methods: Secondary analysis of 1,629 adults between 48 and 91 years of age with up to 24 months of follow-up from the ADNI (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative), a longitudinal cohort study. Results: Sleep disturbance was not associated with decline in memory, executive function, or global cognition. The presence of sleep disturbance did not significantly increase the risk of diagnostic conversion in CN, early MCI, or late MCI participants. Conclusion: This study investigated the effect of sleep disturbance on cognitive decline using several outcomes and does not support the hypothesis that sleep disturbance predicts subsequent cognitive decline.

The effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence in African Americans.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4085-4085
Author(s):  
Oluwadunni Emiloju ◽  
Djeneba Audrey Djibo ◽  
Jean G Ford
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The Relationship

4085 Background: From 2011 to 2016, the incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer(CRC) were highest among African Americans(AA), compared to other US racial/ethnic groups. Long-term aspirin use is recommended as a strategy to reduce the risk of CRC. Yet, there is scant information on the chemopreventive effect of aspirin among AA. It is imperative to assess whether the reported chemo-preventive effect also occurs in AA. Our central hypothesis is that aspirin use in AA is associated with a lower incidence of CRC, irrespective of race/ethnicity. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis, using data from AA participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC) longitudinal study, who did not have CRC at enrollment, from 1987 to 1998. We extracted demographic, clinical and mortality data to compare the incidence of CRC among participants taking aspirin compared to those who were not taking aspirin, stratified by age, tobacco use, and body mass index. All-cause mortality and CRC mortality will also be assessed, and we will use Cox proportional hazard regression to determine the relationship between aspirin use and CRC incidence, and mortality. Results: At baseline in 1987, 15,026 participants enrolled in the ARIC study, 25% of whom were AA, median age 54(range 44-66), including 46.7% who reported using aspirin. We analyzed follow-up data from 10,960 participants in 1996-1998, 20% of whom were AA, and 56.9% of whom were taking aspirin. Non-AA participants were more likely to report using aspirin at baseline and follow-up, compared to AA, 53% vs 30% and 59% vs 50% respectively. After 10years, the total incidence of CRC in AA participants was 1% compared with 1.1% in non-AA(p = 0.7). There was no difference in CRC incidence by aspirin use among all participants, and when stratified by race(among all participants p = 0.81, amongAA p = 0.68, among non-AA p = 0.94). Conclusions: We found no difference in the incidence of CRC among AA compared to Caucasians, by aspirin use. Investigation of consistency and/or dose of aspirin use by race may provide further insights on the relationship between aspirin use and CRC incidence, comparing AA to Caucasians.

Abstract TMP93: Carotid Stiffness and Parahippocampal Volume Over a 20-Year Period: A Secondary Analysis of the ARIC Study

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hediyeh Baradaran ◽  
Jennifer Majersik ◽  
Scott Mcnally ◽  
Adam de Havenon
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Carotid Stiffness ◽  
Artery Stiffness ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Early Biomarker ◽  
Aric Study ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is associated with dementia, however, the relationship between carotid stiffness and parahippocampal volume (PHV) is less established. Decreased PHV is a validated early biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease. Hypothesis: Carotid artery stiffness will be associated with lower PHV on MRI performed over 20 years later in the Atherosclerosis Risk in the Community (ARIC) study. Methods: We included ARIC patients with common carotid stiffness measurements on ultrasound at Visit 1 (1987-1989) and volumetric brain MRI at Visit 5 (2011-2013). The primary outcome is pooled bilateral PHV in mL. Results: We included 664 participants with a mean (SD) age of 75.7 (5.4) at the follow-up MRI (42% female). The mean (SD) PHV was 3.9 (0.6) mL. Carotid stiffness was correlated with lower PHV (R=-0.142, p <0.001) and compliance was correlated with higher PHV (R =0.220, p<0.001) (Table 1). The associations were linear (Figure 1) and significant after adjusting for confounders (Table 2). At the follow-up MRI, 32 patients had an adjudicated diagnosis of dementia and lower PHV than patients without dementia (4.0 vs. 3.4 mL, p<0.001), further validating the significance of PHV in this cohort. Conclusion: Carotid stiffness is associated with decreased PHV when measured 20 years later, further supporting the link between large artery atherosclerosis and cognitive decline.

Life-Stress, Locus of Control, and Treatment-Seeking

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Manuck ◽  
James J. Hinrichsen ◽  
Elizabeth O. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Life Change ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

In a study of the relationship between life-stress, Locus of Control and illness-related treatment-seeking behavior, 129 undergraduates were divided into Internals and Externals by Rotter's Locus of Control questionnaire and into groups of high and low life-stress Ss by Jacobs' Life Change Inventory (Category A). 98 Ss were available for follow-up after a 6-mo. period of risk. It was found that highly stressed Ss were more likely to seek treatment for physical complaints during risk than were low-stressed Ss. Low-stressed Externals were more likely to seek treatment than low-stressed Internals, but there was no significant difference between Internals and Externals under high-stress conditions.

Delusional ideation, manic symptomatology and working memory in a cohort at clinical high-risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Broome ◽  
F. Day ◽  
I. Valli ◽  
L. Valmaggia ◽  
L.C. Johns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Delusional Ideation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Risk Mental State

AbstractWe followed up a cohort (n = 35) of clients with an “At Risk Mental State” (ARMS) for almost 2 years (mean 21.3 months). At baseline, these clients had taken part in research looking at the relationship between reasoning biases, memory, personality styles and delusional ideation. During the follow-up period, clients underwent a package of intervention from a specialist early detection team. Eighty percent (n = 28) of these clients were successfully re-interviewed. There was improvement across the cohort as a whole, however five participants (17.9%) had made the transition to psychosis at follow-up. Those who had become psychotic had lower levels of manic symptomatology at baseline than those who did not enter the first episode. Further, across the cohort, impaired working memory and delusional ideation at baseline combined to predict 45% of the delusional ideation at follow-up. These preliminary findings suggest that working memory impairments may be linked to the persistence of delusional ideation and that manic symptoms in someone with an ARMS may suggest that such an individual is less likely to develop a frank psychotic episode.

Referred Adolescents as Young Adults: The Relationship between Psychosocial Functioning and Personality Disorder

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Rey ◽  
Michelle Singh ◽  
Allen Morris-Yates ◽  
Gavin Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To examine the functioning of young adults who had been referred for psychiatric treatment during adolescence. Method: A group of 145 adolescents referred at a mean age of 14 years were interviewed at a mean age of 20 years to ascertain their functioning and whether they suffered from a personality disorder. Results: Having a personality disorder was associated with poor functioning at follow-up independently of adolescent diagnosis. Antisocial personalities were typified by problems with the law, a poor work record and early cohabitation, while other personality disorders were characterised by social isolation and problems in interpersonal relationships. Poor quality of the family environment and having received treatment during the follow-up period were the only developmental variables associated with poor functioning. Conclusions: Developing a personality disorder and having a poor family environment, rather than having an adolescent disorder, appear to be the factors that result in poor functioning in young adults.

Relationship between Thyroglobulin and Tumor Detectabilily with Thallium-201 in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Müller ◽  
Ch. Reiners ◽  
A. Bockisch ◽  
Katja Brandt-Mainz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Tsh Suppression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tumor Scintigraphy ◽  
Tsh Stimulation

Summary Aim: Tumor scintigraphy with 201-TICI is an established diagnostic method in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. We investigated the relationship between thyroglobulin (Tg) level and tumor detectability. Subject and methods: We analyzed the scans of 122 patients (66 patients with proven tumor). The patient population was divided into groups with Tg above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression or above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. Tumor detectability was compared by ROC-analysis (True-Positive-Fraction test, specificity 90%). Results: There was no significant difference (sensitivity 75% versus 64%; p = 0.55) for patients above and below 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression and a just significant difference (sensitivity 80% versus 58%; p = 0.04) for patients above and below 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. In 18 patients from our sample with tumor, Tg under TSH suppression was negative, but 201-TICI-scan was able to detect tumor in 12 patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate only a moderate dependence of tumor detectability on Tg level, probably without significant clinical relevance. Even in patients with slight Tg elevation 201-TICI scintigraphy is justified.

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