scholarly journals Applying Grounded Theory to Understand Asian Women’s Motivations to Donate Healthy Breast Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Wu ◽  
Katherine E. Ridley-Merriweather ◽  
Anna Maria V. Storniolo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Asian Identity ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Theoretical Saturation ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Background: The Komen Tissue Bank (KTB) is a clinical trial and the only global biorepository that collects and stores healthy breast tissue to be used as controls in breast cancer (BC) research. Due to a variety of barriers, there is a lack of participation by racial and ethnic minority women in tissue donation. In order to increase this participation, it is necessary to understand why or why not these populations choose to participate in clinical trials such as the KTB. This study used grounded theory methodology to explore the motivations behind Asian women’s decisions to donate their breast tissue.  Methods: Guided by grounded theory, we conducted interviews with previous breast tissue donors who self-identified as Asian (n=20). We then transcribed and coded the interviews to discover common attitudes and motivations for participating in breast tissue donation.  Findings: Preliminary findings were obtained from 11 interviews. We identified three common themes that influenced these women’s donations: altruistic behavior, comfort with science, and Asian identity. Identified sub-themes include factors such as personal ties to BC and background in research and clinical trials. It is of note that over half of the women expressed Asian identity and comfort with science as important factors, and all mentioned altruistic tendencies, either towards family or towards research and others. Conclusion and Future Work: We identified common factors for donating healthy breast tissue from using grounded theory to interview previous donors of Asian descent. We will transcribe and code 9 more interviews, as well as use those interviews to confirm theoretical saturation. The findings from this study will be used in the future to inform a framework for developing recruitment strategies to increase overall participation of historically excluded individuals in the KTB. Future work will include exploring the motivations of Latinas regarding donating their healthy breast tissue.

scholarly journals This Story Needs to Be Told: Formative Research on Using Animated Storytelling to Address Prospective Minority Clinical Trials Participants’ Need for Comprehensive Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Younker ◽  
Katherine E. Ridley-Merriweather
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Trial Participation ◽  
Cancer Clinical Trials ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge

Background: The Komen Tissue Bank (KTB), a clinical trial that collects women’s healthy breast tissue for use as research study controls, currently stores samples demonstrating a noted paucity of minority specimens. Studies have shown minority groups’ participation in clinical trials is dependent upon the groups’ knowledge about the associated research. This study’s purpose is to conduct formative research on animated storytelling’s effectiveness as a communication tool to address minority groups’ expressed need for knowledge and encourage participation in cancer clinical trials.   Methods: I re-coded data previously gathered from a KTB study to evaluate the perceptions of Latinas (n=14) and Asian Americans (n=17) toward breast tissue donation. Extensive review of the current literature yielded data concerning African Americans’ outlooks toward clinical trial participation, and also illustrated the efficacy of using narratives and animation as communication and education tools.  Results: The literature review clearly illuminated the importance of storytelling in minority cultures and suggested the success of using narratives as communication tools. We anticipate our findings could be influenced by a) minorities’ lack of, and need for, comprehensive knowledge, b) previously obscured participation barriers, and c) animated storytelling as an effective delivery method.  Projected Conclusion and Potential Impact: Using an animated storytelling communication tool may successfully increase knowledge about, and comfort with, participation in a cancer clinical trial. The next phase, an animated video production, will tell the comprehensive story of healthy breast tissue donation. The use of this tool could help increase minority participation in cancer prevention and cancer clinical trials.

scholarly journals Novel Participatory Methodologies for Identifying Motivations of Minority Women to Participate in a Breast Cancer Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Evans ◽  
Katherine Ridley-Merriweather
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
Tissue Donation

Background: The Komen Tissue Bank (KTB), a biorepository that stores healthy breast tissue for use as controls in breast cancer (BC) research, has a notable deficiency in tissue donations from racial and ethnic minority women. Though studies have documented similar disparities in many clinical trials, the reasons why minority women agree or decline to participate in clinical trials remain largely unknown. This study used two novel participatory communication methodologies with minimal researcher intervention to explore potential motivations for minority women (Latinas, Asian Americans, and Black women) to donate breast tissue to the KTB.  Methods: Two novel methodologies rooted in Grounded Practical Theory and Grounded Theory were used to study the attitudes of non-donors toward tissue donation and the reasons donors chose to donate tissue to the KTB, respectively. The non-donors (Latinas, n=14; Asian Americans, n=17) participated in interactive focus groups, and donors (Black, n=20) participated in open-ended interviews, all of which were then transcribed and coded to identify common motivations for donating breast tissue.  Results: The interactive methodology of both the focus groups and interviews yielded rich data that may not have arisen in a traditional question-driven format. Though the manifestation differed between minority groups, three common factors influencing the decision to donate breast tissue were present in all groups: altruistic tendencies, cultural norms, and personal connection to BC. Non-donors also expressed their need for more information before making the decision to donate.  Conclusion and Potential Impact: Common factors that influence the decision to donate tissue were identified using these two novel interactive methodologies, though the expression differed between minority groups. The information gleaned from this study will inform future communication efforts by the KTB and other clinical trial researchers, with the ultimate goal of distributing targeted recruitment materials to increase the representation of minority women in clinical trials. 

Gender differences in attitudes toward AIDS clinical trials among urban HIV-infected individuals from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds

AIDS Care ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 786-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gwadz ◽  
N. R. Leonard ◽  
A. Nakagawa ◽  
K. Cylar ◽  
M. Finkelstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Genetic ancestry in normal breast tissue donors from the Susan G. Komen tissue bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center (KTB).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13065-e13065
Author(s):  
Natascia Marino ◽  
Julia McCarty ◽  
Guanglong Jiang ◽  
Mariah L Johnson ◽  
Teresa Mahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Normal Breast Tissue ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Genetic Ancestry ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Tissue Donors

e13065 Background: When studying complex diseases with a heritable component, such as breast cancer, chances of finding disease susceptibility genes can be increased by accounting for genetic ancestry within the population investigated. The limitation in using self-reported race to reveal population genetic substructure has been extensively reported. Therefore, we employed a panel of genetic polymorphisms, or Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs), to genetically determine the racial and ethnic background of the tissue donors in the KTB, the only existing biobank of breast tissue cores taken from healthy women. Methods: 4112 women donated breast tissue between 2006 and 2016, and also provided race and ethnicity information. We used a panel of 41 AIMs to estimate genetic ancestry and to maximize the difference between European/ Middle East (Caucasian, C), East Asia and Central/South Asia (Asian), African, and Hispanic populations. We employed the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method implemented in the program STRUCTURE 2.2. A reference set was obtained from the Human Genome Diversity Project. Results: In women self-identified as Black/African American (AA),White and Asian, the assigned genetic ancestry proportions were 93.8% African, 95% C and 96.6% Asian respectively, while the racial composition among the 318 self-identified Hispanics (of which only 178 were confirmed by the genetic ancestry) was 45.3% C, 5.3% African, and 14.7% Asian. Interestingly, 46.9% of the Asian population failed to report the racial background. This percentage was lower for C (1.3% ) and AA (0.5%). Women with African ancestry were younger (≤35 yrs) at the time of donation (24%), as compared to the C (32%) and Asian (33.7%) donors. The obesity rate (BMI > 30) is higher in the AA (60.6%) and C (36.6%), as compared to the Asian population (26.6%). Conclusions: A well-characterized genetic background of the normal breast tissue donors in the KTB will allow a more accurate examination of the association of the genetic ancestry with breast cancer events or risk factors with the ultimate goal of more fully understanding breast cancer racial disparities and their possible role in the risks for and outcomes of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Methodological path to reach the degree of saturation in qualitative research: grounded theory

2022 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleson Oliveira de Moura ◽  
Ítalo Rodolfo Silva ◽  
Thiago Privado da Silva ◽  
Karoliny Alves Santos ◽  
Maria da Conceição Albernaz Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Substantive Theory ◽  
New Codes ◽  
Theoretical Saturation

ABSTRACT Objectives: to achieve the degree of saturation in study that applied the grounded theory. Methods: qualitative research, carried out in four Family Health Units, between June 2018 and May 2019. The data from the interviews with 30 health professionals and non-participant observation were coded in the stages: open, axial and integration. Results: the degree of saturation was achieved by two conceptual models - theoretical saturation and inductive thematic. Theoretical saturation was considered: the development of conceptual codes and observation, in the collection and analysis of data, when they generated new categories/subcategories or only indicated increasing instances. For thematic inductive saturation, the use of new codes based on each interview stood out. Final Considerations: the visual layout for the number of codes, the theoretical scope of the concepts and the delimitation of the sample groups guided the identification of the degree of saturation for the development of the conceptual body that supported the substantive theory.

scholarly journals Self-Interested and Altruistic Motivations in Volunteering for Clinical Trials: A More Complex Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
Lauren Olsen ◽  
Lindsay DePalma ◽  
John H. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Self Interest

Empirical studies have found that altruism and self-interest are the two primary motivations for enrollment in clinical trials. Some studies have shown that in some cases these two motivations are contingent upon each other, which complicates our understanding of motivation. In this study, we interviewed 27 people with Parkinson’s disease about their willingness to enroll in a hypothetical clinical trial. Through inductive, grounded theory analysis of the interview transcripts, we find four different contingent relationships between altruism and self-interest. It is important for ethicists to be aware of these more complex motivations because some are ethically problematic and others not. Moreover, practitioners need to be aware of these contingent relationships so that they can understand the motivations of the research participants.

Analysis of healthy breast tissue from Komen Tissue Bank shows distinct histology, decreased proliferation, and lower periductal collagen deposition in women with prolonged history of breastfeeding.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1538-1538
Author(s):  
Mustafa Basree ◽  
Neelam Shinde ◽  
Zaibo Li ◽  
Sarmila Majumder ◽  
Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

1538 Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that prolonged breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk of developing triple negative/basal-like breast cancer (TN/BLBC). We have modeled abrupt involution (AI) following short breastfeeding and gradual involution (GI) of the mammary gland that occurs over time upon prolonged breastfeeding in wild-type FVB/N mice and discovered prominent histological and molecular changes in the AI glands over time. Further, we demonstrated that breast tissue from healthy women who breastfed <6 months showed enrichment in stem-cell and cell renewal pathways. Here, we corroborate those studies using normal human breast tissue obtained from Susan G. Komen for the Cure Tissue Bank (KTB). Methods: FFPE breast tissue sections obtained from KTB (Protocol #2017CO184). Donors were parous women, aged 18 to 45, without history of breast cancer and for whom breastfeeding history was available. H&E sections and TDLU, the primary anatomical source of most breast cancers, of women who breastfed for ≥6 months (GI, n=49) vs. those who breastfed for ≤3 months (AI, n=20) were evaluated by a blinded pathologist. Masson Trichrome stain was used to measure collagen deposition. Ki67 immunohistochemistry was utilized to determine proliferation. Statistical significance was measured using Fisher’s exact t-test and two-sample t-test with a p-value of <0.05. Results: H&E analysis revealed that breast tissue obtained from women in the AI cohort exhibited histological features of inflammation (p-value= 0.025). Using Ki67 IHC (AI, n=15; GI, n=32) and Masson Trichome stain (AI, n=3; GI, n=4), sections in the AI cohort showed 2-fold increase in proliferation of lobular epithelium (p-value= 0.048) and 1.4-fold increase in periductal collagen deposition (p-value= 0.027) when compared to GI cohort. Age, race, and BMI were not statistically different between AI and GI cohorts. Conclusions: Breast tissue from parous women who breastfed ≤3 months is histologically different than tissue of women with ≥6 months history of breastfeeding. We are currently staining more breast tissue samples obtained from KTB. Experiments are underway to assess the long-term effect of breastfeeding on breast epithelial cell hierarchy and biomarkers of inflammation. Understanding this mechanistic link will help in developing prevention strategies, particularly for African-American women who have lower prevalence of breastfeeding and higher incidence of TN/BLBC.

Effects on Gambling Behaviour of Developments in Information Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Parke ◽  
Mark Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Gambling Involvement ◽  
Theoretical Saturation

The rapid growth and acceptance of online gambling is concerning to academics and clinicians in the field of pathological gambling research. This study proposes a theoretical framework that outlines the effect of technological developments in information technology (IT) on gambling behaviour. The aim of the study is to produce theoretical propositions that can be investigated empirically in future research. Grounded Theory was employed to enable a theoretical framework to conceptualise online gambling behaviour and the utility of IT in gambling behaviour. In total, eight participants were interviewed via semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation was achieved. The theoretical framework was contrasted against existing problem gambling research. Grounded Theory has indicated that developments in IT have been a catalyst for Elevated Gambling Involvement, in terms of both participation and pre-occupation, and that this phenomenon was produced via the following behavioural constructs: Increased Outcome Control, Reduced Discipline, Expediency and Consumer Value.

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