scholarly journals COVID-19 Lockdown Worries About the Virus and Finances

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Field ◽  
Samantha Poling ◽  
Shantay Mines ◽  
Debra Bendell ◽  
Connie Veazey
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Negative Mood States ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Reported Data

Worries about getting the virus and worrying about finances have been associated with negative mood states including anxiety and depression during COVID-19 lockdowns. In this Survey Monkey study conducted during a COVID-19 lockdown (N= 260 respondents), 88% reported worrying about getting the virus and 72% worrying about their finances. Correlation analyses suggested that worries about the virus and about finances were related to each other and were, in turn, positively related to scores on scales measuring COVID-related stress, negative mood states including anxiety and depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. These problems were common to both types of worries as was the lack of health activities including exercise, self-care, and touching partners and children. Some findings were unique to each of the worries. Worrying about the virus was related to being active on social media, connecting with friends, and housekeeping and paperwork. Worrying about finances was correlated with caregiving, unemployment, less schooling, and alcohol use. The results of this survey are limited by the self-reported data from a non-representative sample that is cross-sectional. Nonetheless, they highlight the negative effects of worries about the virus and about finances during a COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Feeling Isolated and Lonely During Covid-19 Lockdown

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Negative Mood States ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Reported Data

Isolation and loneliness have been associated with negative mood states, sleep disturbances and health problems. People experiencing pandemic lockdowns are susceptible to feelings of isolation and loneliness. In this Survey Monkey study conducted during a COVID-19 lockdown (N= 260 respondents), 81% reported feeling isolated and 68% feeling lonely. Correlation analyses suggested that feeling isolated and lonely were related to each other and were, in turn, negatively related to health practices scale scores and positively related to scores on scales measuring COVID-related stress, negative mood states including anxiety and depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Analyses of variance revealed significant differences between isolated and non-isolated groups as well as between lonely and non-lonely groups on these measures. Only a weak correlation was noted between living alone and loneliness, suggesting that feelings of isolation and loneliness extended to those living with others as well. Positive correlations between both feeling isolated and lonely and time on Facebook and gaming suggested that these activities did not compensate for their isolated and lonely feelings. Feelings of isolation and loneliness and their associated problems also increased across the lockdown survey period. The lack of touch and exercise suggested that those activities might have alleviated the negative feelings and associated problems. The results of this survey are limited by the self-reported data from a non representative sample that is cross- sectional. Nonetheless, they highlight the negative effects of isolation and loneliness during a COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Feeling Isolated and Lonely During Covid-19 Lockdown

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Negative Mood States ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Reported Data

Isolation and loneliness have been associated with negative mood states, sleep disturbances and health problems. People experiencing pandemic lockdowns are susceptible to feelings of isolation and loneliness. In this Survey Monkey study conducted during a COVID-19 lockdown (N= 260 respondents), 81% reported feeling isolated and 68% feeling lonely. Correlation analyses suggested that feeling isolated and lonely were related to each other and were, in turn, negatively related to health practices scale scores and positively related to scores on scales measuring COVID-related stress, negative mood states including anxiety and depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Analyses of variance revealed significant differences between isolated and non-isolated groups as well as between lonely and non-lonely groups on these measures. Only a weak correlation was noted between living alone and loneliness, suggesting that feelings of isolation and loneliness extended to those living with others as well. Positive correlations between both feeling isolated and lonely and time on Facebook and gaming suggested that these activities did not compensate for their isolated and lonely feelings. Feelings of isolation and loneliness and their associated problems also increased across the lockdown survey period. The lack of touch and exercise suggested that those activities might have alleviated the negative feelings and associated problems. The results of this survey are limited by the self-reported data from a non-representative sample that is crosssectional. Nonetheless, they highlight the negative effects of isolation and loneliness during a COVID-19 lockdown

scholarly journals Faith as a Resource in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated with a Positive Interpretation of Illness and Experience of Gratitude/Awe

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Büssing ◽  
Anne-Gritli Wirth ◽  
Knut Humbroich ◽  
Kathrin Gerbershagen ◽  
Sebastian Schimrigk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Negative Mood States ◽  
Difficult Times

The aim of this cross-sectional anonymous survey with standardized questionnaires was to investigate which resources to cope were used by patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We focussed on patients' conviction that their faith might be a strong hold in difficult times and on their engagement in different forms of spirituality. Consecutively 213 German patients (75% women; mean age 43 ± 11 years) were enrolled. Fifty-five percent regarded themselves as neither religious nor spiritual (R−S−), while 31% describe themselves as religious. For 29%, faith was a strong hold in difficult times. This resource was neither related to patients' EDSS scores, and life affections, fatigue, negative mood states, life satisfaction nor to Positive attitudes. Instead it was moderately associated with a Reappraisal strategy (i.e., and positive interpretation of illness) and experience of gratitude/awe. Compared to spiritual/religious patients, R−S− individuals had significantly (P<.0001) lower Reappraisal scores and lower engagement in specific forms of spiritual practices. The ability to reflect on what is essential in life, to appreciate and value life, and also the conviction that illness may have meaning and could be regarded as a chance for development was low in R−S− individuals which either may have no specific interest or are less willing to reflect these issues.

scholarly journals Social Media, Physical and Mental Health During a COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Depression Scales

Social media including texting, internet use, and Facebook time have differential effects but those have not been studied during the social isolation of lockdowns when they might be more prevalent. In this Survey Monkey study, as many as 98% of 260 respondents reported texting, 100% using the internet, and 91% being on Facebook. The percentiles for those using the different media “a lot” were 45%, 77% and 42% respectively. Correlation analyses suggested that texting and internet use were positively related to Connecting Scale scores. However, internet use was also positively related to scores on Stress, Anxiety and Depression Scales and Facebook use was positively related to not only scores on Stress, Anxiety and Depression Scales but also to scores on Fatigue, Sleep Disturbance and PTSD scales. ANOVAS based on comparisons between groups reporting no to moderate use versus “a lot” of use were confirmatory of the correlation analyses. These results are limited by their being self-reported data from a non-representative, cross-sectional sample. Nonetheless, they highlight the positive and negative effects of different social media during a COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Lockdown Fatigue

2021 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Survey Monkey ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Anxiety Depression

In this COVID-19 lockdown Survey Monkey study, as many as 75% of 260 respondents reported feeling fatigued. Correlation analyses suggested that feeling fatigued was significantly correlated with demographic variables and virtually every item on every scale of the survey. The demographic correlations suggested that fatigue occurred more frequently in younger participants, in males, and in those not working from home during the lockdown. The significant correlations for the scales suggested that those feeling fatigued engaged in fewer health activities including exercise and self-care; they spent more time on social media including gaming and Facebook; they engaged in less cooking and creative projects; they scored higher on the Stress Scale including worrying more about the virus and their finances; they reported feeling more isolated, lonely, bored and touch deprived; they did more snacking and napping and expressed more “cabin fever”; they had lower scores on connecting and activities at home; and they had higher scores on anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and PTSD scales. A regression analysis suggested that 51% of the variance in the fatigue scores was explained by the depression (37% variance), sleep disturbances (12%) and anxiety (1%) scores. These results are limited by their being self-reported data from a non-representative, cross-sectional sample. Nonetheless, they highlight the negative effects of feeling fatigued during a COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Touching and Touch Deprivation During a COVID-19 Lockdown

2020 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
The Self ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Survey Monkey ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Touching your kids and your partner, self-touching, and touch deprivation have had different effects on individuals during a COVID-19 lockdown. In this Survey Monkey study conducted during a COVID-19 lockdown (N= 260 respondents), 26% said they were touch deprived a lot, 21% said they were touching their kids a lot, 33 % touching their partner a lot, and 32% self-touching a lot (e.g. yoga and stretching). Correlation analyses suggested that touch deprivation was related to scores on the Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Sleep Disturbances and PTSD scales. The three types of touching were positively related to scores on the Health Scale, at home projects, and outdoor exercising with others. Touching partner was also related to lower scores on the Stress, Depression, and PTSD Scales and Self-touching was related to lower scores on the Fatigue and Sleep Disturbance Subscales. The results of these data analyses are limited by the self-reported data from a non-representative, cross-sectional sample. Nonetheless, they highlight the negative effects of touch deprivation and the positive effects of touching your kids and partners and self-touch during a COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Boredom and Psychological Problems during a COVID-19 Lockdown

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Survey Monkey ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Boredom has been related to anxiety and depression in the pre-COVID-19 literature. In this COVID-19 lockdown Survey Monkey study, as many as 68% of 260 respondents reported feeling bored. Correlation analyses suggested that feeling bored was significantly correlated with several demographic variables and virtually every item on every scale of the survey. The demographic correlations suggested that boredom occurred more frequently in males, in those with less schooling, in those not working at home during the lockdown, and in those who were lacking a routine. The significant correlations for the scales suggested that those feeling bored engaged in fewer health activities like exercise, self-care and meditating; they spent more time on social media including gaming and Facebook; they engaged in less creative work and hobbies; they scored higher on the Stress Scale including worrying more about the virus and their finances; they reported feeling more isolated, lonely and touch deprived; and they had higher scores on anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and PTSD scales. A regression analysis suggested that 49% of the variance in the boredom scores was explained by stress scale scores. These results are limited by their being self-reported data from a non-representative, cross-sectional sample. Nonetheless, they highlight the negative effects of feeling bored during a COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Asthma patients experience increased symptoms of anxiety, depression and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 147997312110296
Author(s):  
Geertje M de Boer ◽  
Laura Houweling ◽  
Rudi W Hendriks ◽  
Jan H Vercoulen ◽  
Gerdien A Tramper-Stranders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Population studies showed a decrease in psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asthma is associated with a negative effect on anxiety and depression, which might worsen during the COVID-19 lockdown. The aim of the study was to compare fear, anxiety and depression between asthma patients and patients wit hout asthma pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 pandemic. This study compares fear, anxiety and depression in asthma patients and controls between pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 lockdown with a cross-sectional online survey. Participants were invited to fill out several questionnaires pertaining to fear, anxiety, depression, asthma control and quality of life. Asthma patients (N = 37) displayed, during the course of the pandemic, a clinically relevant increase in anxiety (3.32 ± 2.95 vs. 6.68 ± 3.78; p < 0.001) and depression (1.30 ± 1.15 vs. 3.65 ± 3.31; p < 0.001), according to the hospital anxiety and depression levels (HADS) compared to pre-COVID-19 assessment. This was not seen in controls. Also, asthma patients displayed more anxiety about acquiring COVID-19 disease compared to controls ((5.11 ± 1.99 vs. 3.50 ± 2.79), p = 0.006). Patients with asthma experienced an increase in anxiety and depression levels and were more afraid of acquiring COVID-19 disease compared to controls. Also, patients with asthma were more likely to avoid healthcare facilities due to fear of acquiring COVID-19 disease compared to controls. Therefore, we advise health care workers to address these possible negative effects on mental health by phone or e-consults.

Profile of Mood States: Australian Normative Data

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Moore ◽  
Robb Stanley ◽  
Graham Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Negative Mood States

The Profile of Mood States was administered to 90 Australian women, 30 depressed, 30 anxious, and 30 nonpsychiatric controls. Both clinical groups scored higher than the McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman (1971) normative samples on the negative mood states and scored lower on Vigor. The means for these groups are presented and compared with the 1971 normative data of McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman.

Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112097233
Author(s):  
Richard J Xia ◽  
Thomas Chao ◽  
Divya Patel ◽  
Gillinder Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Negative Mood States ◽  
Stress Responding

Background: Aspects of the canonical stress response differ in stimulant, opioid, and alcohol users relative to controls, and dysregulated responses to stress may contribute to continued use of these drugs. Little prior research has focused on stress responses in regular cannabis smokers. We assessed responses to a standardized laboratory social stress assay (the Trier Social Stress Task; TSST) in regular cannabis smokers (CANs) compared with controls (CONs). Methods: Healthy, non-treatment-seeking adult CANs (⩾4×/week; smoking cannabis as usual) and demographically matched CONs completed the TSST. Outcome measures were subjective mood, heart rate, and salivary cortisol. Results: Nineteen CANs (1 female) and 20 CONs (2 female) participated; groups were matched on trauma exposure, sex, race, and age. CANs smoked cannabis 6.4 ± 1.1 days/week. Eight CANs and one CON smoked tobacco cigarettes daily. Overall, the TSST produced expected increases in anxiety, negative mood states, cortisol, and heart rate. CANs had blunted subjective response to stress relative to CONs, but they did not differ in physiological (cortisol and cardiovascular) stress responding. Conclusion: These results indicate that CANs have blunted mood responses to social stress, but normative physiological stress responding. Observed differences could be due to residual effects of cannabis, reluctance to endorse negative mood states, or to issues related to identifying (i.e., emotional identification) or feeling (i.e., interoception) stress-related affective states. Further research is warranted to characterize the mechanisms of these differences and assess implications for daily functioning and treatment outcomes.

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