scholarly journals The Effects of Irrigation, Inoculants and Fertilizer Nitrogen on Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). II. Yield

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Reddy ◽  
J. W. Tanner ◽  
R. C. Roy ◽  
J. M. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract The peanut is a recent introduction into southern Ontario. In order to develop appropriate production practices, the effects of irrigation, inoculation and N fertilization on yield were investigated. Irrigation and inoculation each increased the yield by about 27%, and the effect of each of these factors was greater in the presence of the other. No significant yield difference (2992 kg/ha on average) was observed between the use of powdered peat or granular inoculants containing the same strains of rhizobia. However, a yield difference was observed between inoculants containing different strains of rhizobia. Nitrogen application at planting time did not increase the yield of uninoculated peanuts, but a split application, applied at planting and 60 days later, increased the yield by 28% over the uninoculated control. Increasing the N application at planting decreased the yield and 100-kernel weight of inoculated peanuts.

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Silit Lazare ◽  
Yang Lyu ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu ◽  
Yehuda Heler ◽  
Alon Ben-Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Vegetative Indices ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Usage Efficiency

Quantification of actual plant consumption of nitrogen (N) is necessary to optimize fertilization efficiency and minimize contamination of earth resources. We examined the performance of fruit-bearing pomegranate trees grown in soilless media and exposed to eight N-fertigation treatments, from 5 to 200 mg N L−1. Reproductive and vegetative indices were found to be optimal when 20 to 70 mg N L−1 was supplied. Nitrogen application levels over 70 mg L−1 reduced pomegranate development and reproduction. N uptake in low-level treatments was almost 100% and decreased gradually, down to 13% in 200 mg N L−1 treatment. N usage efficiency was maximized under 20 mg N L−1, in which case 80% to 90% of added N was taken up by the trees. At high N application, its efficiency was reduced with less than 50% utilized by the trees. Leaf N increased to a plateau as a function of increasing irrigation solution N, maximizing at ~15 to 20 mg N g−1. Therefore, analysis of diagnostic leaves is not a valid method to identify excessive detrimental N. The results should be valuable in the development of efficient, sustainable, environmentally responsible protocols for N fertilization in commercial pomegranate orchards, following adaptation and validation to real soil field conditions.

scholarly journals Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽  
Ismail Soares ◽  
José Almeida Pereira ◽  
Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽  
José Aridiano Lima de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

scholarly journals Inoculation and N Fertilization Affect the Dry Matter, N Fixation, and Bioactive Compounds in Sulla Leaves

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sulas ◽  
Giuseppe Campesi ◽  
Giovanna Piluzza ◽  
Giovanni A. Re ◽  
Paola A. Deligios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leaf N

Sulla (Sulla coronaria [L.] Medik), a Mediterranean short-lived legume with tolerance to drought-prone environments, requires inoculation outside its natural habitat. Its leaves are appreciated for the bromatological composition and content of bioactive compounds. However, no information is available regarding the distinct effects of inoculation and nitrogen (N) applications on leaf dry matter (DM), fixed N, and bioactive compounds. Sulla leaves were sampled from the vegetative stage to seed set in Sardinia (Italy) during 2013–2014 and leaf DM, N content, and fixed N were determined. Compared to the best performing inoculated treatments, DM yield and fixed N values of the control only represented 8% to 20% and 2% to 9%, respectively. A significant relationship between fixed N and leaf DM yield was established, reaching 30 kg fixed N t–1 at seed set. Significant variations in leaf atom% 15N excess and %Ndfa quantified decreases in leaf N fixation coupled with N application. Moreover, the petiole content of phenolic compounds markedly increased in the uninoculated control, suggesting deeper investigations on the relationship between bioactive compounds and inoculation treatments. Results highlighted substantial variation in DM, N yields, N-fixation ability, and content of bioactive compounds of sulla leaves caused by inoculation and N fertilization.

Effects of Intrarow Spacing on Yield and Market Quality of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knauft ◽  
A. J. Norden ◽  
N. F. Beninati
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Production Practices

Abstract Pod yields and grading data were analyzed for six peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes grown in 91 cm rows while using three intrarow distances; 10.2 cm, 15.2 cm and 30.5 cm. Yields were analyzed for a 6-year period from 1975 to 1980 and grading data were analyzed for a 7-year period from 1974 to 1980. Three genotypes (Dixie Runner, UF714021 and UF439-16-6-3) showed no significant yield differences (all differences reported at the 5% level) among spacings. Florunner and Florigiant produced the same yields at 10.2 cm spacings as they did at 15.2 cm. Both cultivars showed a significant yield reduction at the 30.5 cm spacing. Early Bunch yields were significantly higher at 15.2 cm than at 30.5 cm, while the yield at 10.2 cm was intermediate, but was not significantly different from either 15.2 or 30.5 cm. Grading data included percentages of extra large kernels (ELK), total sound mature kernels, and Virginia pods. The percentage of ELK for Florigiant at 15.2 cm was significantly greater than the 30.5 cm spacing. Changes in intrarow spacings of the six gentoypes in this study produced no significant differences in any grading data with that exception. All the currently grown cultivars in these tests had yields with plant spacings at 15.2 cm that were not significantly different from yields at 10.2 cm. With good quality seeds and good production practices a considerable savings could be made with little or no yield reduction by planting at spacings near 15 cm.

The Effects of Irrigation, Inoculants and Fertilizer Nitrogen on Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). I. Nitrogen Fixation

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Reddy ◽  
J. W. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Effects of irrigation, inoculants and fertilizer nitrogen (N) on N2(C2H2) fixation in peanuts were studied in 1976 and 1977 at Delhi, Ontario. Inoculant application increased nodulation and N-fixation in both years. Powdered peat and granular formulations containing the same strains of rhizobia resulted in almost the same amounts of nodulation and N-fixation (80 kg/ha on average). Differences in nodulation from inoculants containing different strains of rhizobia were not consistent over the two years. However, 60% difference in N-fixation resulted from the inoculants containing different strains of rhizobia in both years. Nitrogen application decreased the nodule number, nodule dry weight, and N-fixation of all the inoculated peanuts. Irrigation increased the N-fixation of the peanuts treated with granular inoculant in 1976 by an average of 45% and all the inoculated peanuts in 1977 by an average of 54% but had no effect on nodulation in either year.

scholarly journals Does split nitrogen application increase garlic yield and quality?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Marcos Renan Besen ◽  
Juliano Masahiko Ogawa ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Ribeiro ◽  
Claudia Aparecida Guginski-Piva ◽  
Jonatas Thiago Piva
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Before And After

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is essential for obtaining high garlic yields and satisfying commercial requirements for bulb diameter. However, excess nitrogen may favor the development of lateral shoots. This study aimed to examine the effect of different N application strategies on garlic yield and quality. The experiment was conducted in the field using garlic cv. Chonan and four N fertilization strategies (T1, N fertilizer applied at 15-day intervals; T2, N fertilizer applied before and after clove differentiation; T3, N fertilizer applied before clove differentiation; and T4, N fertilizer applied after clove differentiation). All treatments received the same N rate (210 kg ha-1). A single N application before clove differentiation (T3) favored lateral shoot growth, resulting in the highest incidence of this defect (11.66%). The other treatments did not differ in lateral shoot incidence. Four classes (3–6) of bulb diameter were observed, with treatments ranked in decreasing order as T2 > T1 > T3 > T4. There were no significant differences in garlic yield between single N application treatments (T3 and T4). However, garlic yield differed by 73% between T1 (13,329 kg ha-1) and T4 (7,679 kg ha-1), by 55.31% between T2 (11,927 kg ha-1) and T4, and by 36% between T1 and T3 (9,783 kg ha-1). These results indicate that two N fertilization strategies can be adopted in high-quality garlic production: fortnightly N fertilization or split N application before and after clove differentiation. A single N application is not recommended, regardless of application timing, as it promotes lateral shoot growth and reduces garlic quality and yield.

Potential of low-protein genotypes for nitrogen management in malting barley production

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. EMEBIRI ◽  
D. B. MOODY
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
N Application ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Rate Of Response

Nitrogen (N) levels in the soil and N fertilization are among the major factors that affect grain protein concentration (GPC) in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The use of inherently low protein cultivars might be an advantage in conditions of excessive soil N or in situations where N is applied to maximize yield. In the present study, eight malting barley genotypes were grown under dryland and irrigated conditions to compare their response to four rates of nitrogen (N) application (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg/ha). The trials were carried out in 1998 and 1999 at a site in the Wimmera region of Victoria, Australia, which has a Mediterranean-type environment. Seasonal differences accounted for a large proportion of the observed variation in GPC, but had little influence on variation in grain yield. Nitrogen application significantly increased grain yield and GPC, and decreased kernel weight and plumpness. The rate of response for grain protein was higher under dryland than irrigated conditions, but the genotype-by-nitrogen interaction was not significant under both conditions. To further characterize genotypic response, the method of pattern analysis was used to identify groups of genotypes showing a similar pattern in their response to N application and to relate the patterns to available knowledge about the inherent GPC of their grains. The eight genotypes were clustered into three entry groups, corresponding to low, moderate and high-protein genotypes. There was little difference among groups in the rate of response to N application. However, the genotype group with inherently low GPC maintained the lower protein over those with higher grain protein at the different rates of N application. Under dryland conditions, the low-protein genotypes tended to have less plump kernels with increasing rates of N application than the respective high-protein group.

Concepts and Practices for Improving Nitrogen Management for Vegetables

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Hochmuth
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
N Management

Efficient N management practices usually involve many potential strategies, but always involve choosing the correct amount of N and the coupling of N management to efficient water management. Nitrogen management strategies are integral parts of improved production practices recommended by land-grant universities such as the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Florida. This paper, which draws heavily on research and experience in Florida, outlines the concepts and technologies for managing vegetable N fertilization to minimize negative impacts on the environment.

scholarly journals Simulating the Response of Drought–Tolerant Maize Varieties to Nitrogen Application in Contrasting Environments in the Nigeria Savannas Using the APSIM Model

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Aloysius Beah ◽  
Alpha Y. Kamara ◽  
Jibrin M. Jibrin ◽  
Folorunso M. Akinseye ◽  
Abdullahi I. Tofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Maize Varieties

This paper assessed the application of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM)–maize module as a decision support tool for optimizing nitrogen application to determine yield and net return of maize production under current agricultural practices in the Nigeria savannas. The model was calibrated for two maize varieties using data from field experiments conducted under optimum conditions in three locations during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The model was evaluated using an independent dataset from an experiment conducted under different nitrogen (N) levels in two locations within Southern and Northern Guinea savannas. The results show that model accurately predicted days to 50% anthesis and physiological maturity, leaf area index (LAI), grain yield and total dry matter (TDM) of both varieties with low RMSE and RMSEn (%) values within the range of acceptable statistics indices. Based on 31-year seasonal simulation, optimum mean grain yield of 3941 kg ha−1 for Abuja, and 4549 for Kano was simulated at N rate of 120 kg ha–1 for the early maturing variety 2009EVDT. Meanwhile in Zaria, optimum mean yield of 4173 kg ha–1 was simulated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1. For the intermediate maturing variety, IWDC2SYNF2 mean optimum yields of 5152, 5462, and 4849 kg ha−1, were simulated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for all the locations. The probability of exceeding attainable mean grain yield of 3000 and 4000 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT and IWDC2SYNF2, respectively would be expected in 95% of the years with application of 90 kg N ha−1 across the three sites. Following the profitability scenarios analysis, the realistic net incomes of US$ 536 ha–1 for Abuja, and US$ 657 ha−1 for Zaria were estimated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1 and at Kano site, realistic net income of US$ 720 ha–1was estimated at N rate of 120 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT.For IWDC2SYNF2, realistic net incomes of US$ 870, 974, and 818 ha−1 were estimated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for Abuja, Zaria, and Kano respectively. The result of this study suggests that 90 kg N ha−1 can be recommended for 2009EVDT and 120 kg N ha–1 for IWDC2SYNF2 in Abuja and Zaria while in Kano, 120 kg N ha−1 should be applied to both varieties to attain optimum yield and profit.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, storage losses and chemical composition of winter cabbage

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Freyman ◽  
P. M. Toivonen ◽  
W. C. Lin ◽  
P. W. Perrin ◽  
J. W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Increasing rates of field nitrogen (N) application (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg N ha−1) resulted in markedly higher yields of winter white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata 'Bartolo') due to larger head size. Glucose and fructose contents increased with increased nitrogen. In contrast, ascorbic acid and sucrose contents declined slightly with increased nitrogen. Nitrogen rate had little effect on storage losses. The results indicated that increased N fertilization provided overall benefit to cabbage production. Key words: Cabbage, nitrogen fertilization, storage losses, yield

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