Exploring Loan Sharks in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending Applications: A Case Study of Vietnam

Online peer-to-peer lending applications have emerged in some recent years in Vietnam, where the consumer lending market is potential for financial companies. This country faces challenges to control the online lending business. As a result, criminals find loopholes in the legal system on this business to commit loan sharks. This article targets to explore the nature of the connection between a loan shark and online peer-to-peer lending applications through interviewing with police officials in their specific operation investigated. The findings highlight a close structure of criminal groups related to loan sharks via this lending platform and a comprehensive profile of borrowers. These findings suggest some recommendations for fighting against this crime effectively in the coming time.

A strange case of gendercide: fascination, psychotic features, archaic elements, and phantasmatic metamorphosis

This is a strange case of murder: a mafia pentito, an informer, reveals after ten years that the death of a man which had been considered natural, had in fact been a murder. The victim, a loan shark associated with crime people, was the companion of his lover at the time. The strange aspect is the way in which the mobster, with a couple of hired killers and helped by the woman, organised the murder: a shot of pesticide while the man was lying in bed with the woman. This modality was suggested by a veterinarian friend of the mobster who claimed that the pesticide would not be detected. The interviewer's imagination/vision of a metamorphosis while he was interviewing the woman in a forensic setting; the dream he had immediately after the interview; the bizarre construction of the crime; the seductive abilities of the woman linked to the choice and the type of partners she had and the bonds she had created; and the almost dreamlike description of the crime itself, suggest the emergence of primitive mechanisms of mental functioning: splitting, the use of massive projections of partial aspects and projective identification. A fragile and hidden common thread is hypothesised in this work. A common thread whose core is the desire for the narcissistic realisation of a woman who, in order to achieve it, puts eros at the service of thanatos. A red thread that connects all the different events, the real and the phantasmatic ones: from seeking a role as a woman of the criminal underworld to the magic fascination of an archaic Sicily, evoking primitive mechanisms of functioning typical of psychosis.

AWARENESS, PERCEPTION, AND WILLINGNESS TO CONTRIBUTE TO MICRO WAQF BANKS AMONG MUSLIMS IN INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to assess the level of awareness, perception, and willingness that Indonesian Muslims towards waqf and Micro Waqf Banks (MWB). By distributing questionnaires to 104 Muslims, the results show that many Muslims still have a relatively low level of awareness about waqf and MWB. This may be due to the lack of socialization, especially regarding cash waqf and the establishment of MWB. Further findings indicate that the majority of Muslims in Indonesia agree on the establishment of MWB and also agree that MWB can be a solution to suppress the loan shark business so as to improve the welfare of the community, especially the lower middle class. Finally, Indonesian Muslims are willing to contribute to MWB especially if they know how to donate and how MWB operates. A higher level of willingness to contribute to MWB provides a great opportunity for MWB to develop its operations in the future. This research contributes to assisting MWB and Indonesian Waqf Board in developing appropriate socialization strategies to build and develop the potential of waqf in Indonesia.

Implementation of the Islamic Economics in the Traditional Market of Brebes Regency

The concept of Islamic Economics emphasizes that market Trading and pricing need to be regulated to uphold market balance and economic justice in view of interests of those involved in the market. This study aims to analyze the Islamic Economy’s observance in accordance with Islamic sharia in the traditional markets, the number of merchant populations used as samples was 138 people, the research method uses qualitative descriptive, data collection techniques by observation and structured interviews. The results showed that traders in the traditional market of Manis Kosambi Cikakak Village had practiced trade with Islamic Business Ethics. The Practice of Islamic Economy in the Traditional Market of Brebes Regency had been carried out by most traders almost 84.8%. The system of commerce with the islamic economy is rooted in and habutual practices with islamic business ethics, doing bussiness by selling clean products, honesty, openness, fair, and by backing out of riba, or loan shark has been accustomed by traditional merchants of Brebes Regency in Manis Kosambi market Cikakak Village of Brebes Regency Keywords: Islamic Economic Traditional Market

PRAKTIK RENTENIRISASI PERSPEKTF EKONOMI SYARIAH DAN SOSIOLOGI (STUDI DI KECAMATAN PUNGGUR LAMPUNG TENGAH)

This research was conducted to answer the question of how to practice sharia investment sharia perspective and sociology in Punggur, Central Lampung District. This study aims to determine the practice of a loan shark sharia economic perspective and sociology in Punggur, Central Lampung District. This type of research is field research conducted in Punggur District, Central Lampung Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach that is a way to expose accurate information obtained from the community in the District of Punggur, Central Lampung relating to the practice of a loan shark. Data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. The data collection method uses the method of observation, interviews and documentation with technical analysis of deductive thinking. The results of research on a loan shark practices in the community of Punggur Subdistrict, the perspective of Islamic economics is very contrary to regulation in Islamic law, because those who practice muamalah are ribawi. While, according to the sociological perspective of the loan sharks, this is a solution for some people to meet their daily needs. The facilities provided such as loan amount, faster and more efficient time, how to pay, without collateral, and other agreements are considered by the community when making loans. Keywords: Loan Sharks, Islamic Economics, Sociology Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana praktik rentenirisasi perspektif ekonomi syariah dan sosiologi di Kecamatan Punggur Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik rentenirisasi perspektif ekonomi syariah dan sosiologi di Kecamatan Punggur Lampung Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Punggur Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunkan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif yaitu cara memaparkan informasi-informasi yang akurat yang diperoleh dari masyarakat di Kecamatan Punggur Lampung Tengah yang berkaitan dengan praktik rentenirisasi. Sumber datayang digunakan adalah sumber data primer dan sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dengan teknis analisa berpikir deduktif. Hasil penelitian terhadap praktek rentenir di masyarakat Kecamatan Punggur perspektif ekonomi islam yaitu sangat bertentangan dengan hukum dan syariat islam karena mereka yang melakukan praktek muamalah secara ribawi. Sedangkan menurut perspektif sosiologi para rentenir ini menjadi solusi bagi para sebagian masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Kemudahan–kemudahan yang diberikan seperti besar pinjaman, waktu yang lebih cepat dan efisien, cara membayar, tanpa jaminan, dan kesepakatan–kesepakatan lain menjadi pertimbangan masyarakat ketika melakukan pinjaman. Kata Kunci: Rentenir, Ekonomi Syariah, dan Sosiologi

The Loan Shark in ASEAN

Loan shark is a humanitarian problem faced by many countries in the world, including in Asia, even in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)'s countries. Loan shark activities are found not only in Myanmar and Cambodia, which has the lowest per capita income in ASEAN but also in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, and even Singapore, which are the five countries with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in ASEAN. How are loan shark practices in ASEAN countries? Can nanofinance overcome the microfinance gap to fight the loan shark? How the practice of Bank Wakaf Mikro (BWM) in Indonesia to nanofinance with qardhul hassan contract? Find the answers in this chapter.

Sumber Dana dan Persepsi Tentang Bunga Bank oleh Pedagang Muslim (Studi Pedagang di Pasar Basah di Kota Kendari Tahun 2015)

Fatwa of The Council of Indonesian Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) Number 1/ 2004 imply that bank interest equal to usury. The purpose of this study was to determine Muslim traders' perceptions of interest, and their consistency in the behavior of loan applications. Methods of data collection used in this study was questionnaires to Muslim traders of Wet Mandonga Market Kendari City. Samples taken in this research were 30 respondents with census sampling technique. The data were analyzed using percentage. The level of consistency of respondents is calculated by the share of the number of respondents who consider the bank interest equal to usury and do not make loans with conventional scheme, to the total respondents. The results showed that all Muslim traders in the Wet Market Mandonga Kendari City have understood that the interest is equal to usury However there are 16.67 percent of respondents whose equity is usury, where 6.67 percent of which comes from loan shark. The consistency of perception and application of the understanding of interest money on Muslim traders reached 83.33 percent.AbstrakFatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Nomor 1 Tahun 2004 membawa pesan bahwa bunga bank sama dengan riba. Penelitian ini mengkaji persepsi pedagang muslim tentang bunga, dan konsistensinya terhadap perilaku pengajuan pinjaman modal. Metode pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui kuisioner bagi pedagang muslim di Pasar Basah Mandonga Kota Kendari. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang pedagang, yang ditentukan berdasarkan metode sensus. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu matriks empat kuadran dan persentase. Tingkat konsistensi responden dihitung dengan persentase jumlah responden yang menganggap bunga bank sama dengan riba yang sekaligus tidak melakukan pinjaman dengan tambahan bunga, terhadap total responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh pedagang muslim di Pasar Basah Mandonga Kota Kendari telah memahami bahwa bunga pinjaman uang sama dengan riba. Meskipun demikian terdapat 16,67 persen responden yang permodalannya bersifat ribawi yang 6,67 persen diantaranya bersumber dari rentenir. Adapun konsistensi persepsi dan aplikasi dari pemahaman akan bunga uang pada pedagang muslim mencapai 83,33 persen

PENGUATAN SINERGITAS PENGELOLA PASAR TRADISIONAL DENGAN PEDAGANG DAN MASYARAKAT DI KAWASAN KOTA TERPADU MANDIRI RASAU JAYA MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN KKN-PPM TAHUN 2017

AbstrakPenguatan Sinergitas stakeholders Pasar Tradisional melalui Pendampingan KKN-PPM dilatar-belakangi oleh beberapa persoalan mendasar yang saling terkait yaitu pengelola pasar kurang menjalankan tugas pokok dan fungsinya, pegagang pasar belum tertib, pasar dan lingkungannya terlihat kumuh, sebagian pedagang meminjam uang kepada pemilik modal dengan bunga yang tinggi dan minat konsumen berbelanja tergolong masih minim. Oleh karena itu, program ini mempunyai tujuan untuk penguatan manajemen pengelola pasar dan membangun kerjasama yang sinergis antar stakeholders yang menguntungkan. Untuk mewujudkan tujuan, implemetasi kegiatan difokuskan pada pemberdayaan manajamen pengelola pasar dan penguatan kerjasama yang sinergis antar stakeholders. Pemberdayaan manajamen dilakukan melalui diskusi pengurus serta evaluasi tugas pokok dan fungsi serta didampingi serta penetapan bendahara, sedangkan penguatan kerjasama yang sinergis antar stakeholders dilakukan melalui penertiban dan gerakan kebersihan kios dan lapak, dengan dukungan petugas kebersihan, ajakan kepada warga desa rasau Jaya I, II, III dan Rasau Jaya Umum untuk hadir berbelanja dan peringatan hari konsumen melalui berbaga acara lomba dan hiburan yang dapat menarik perhatian publik serta pembentukan koperasi pasar. Hasilnya, pengelola pasar dapat lebih berfungsi, konsumen pasar makin ramai dan pedagang makin meningkat keuntungnnya serta pasar dan lingkungannya terlihat lebih bersih.Kata Kunci : Penguatan, sinergitas, pengelola pasar, pedagang dan masyarakatAbstractThere are several reasons why the traditional market should be strengthening through KKN-PPM, that is: market management does not function correctly, the trader is not orderly and still borrow money from the loan shark, the market environment looks likes shabby, and the consumer is less interested in going to traditional market. The purpose of KKN-PPM is to establish cooperation between various traditional market stakeholders such as local government as market owner, market management, trader, distributor, and consumer. To achieve these goals, KKN-PPM executes several programs such as program evaluation based on participative mechanism, build the social movement to protect and cleaning the market environment, and launching various event in Consumer Day. The result is that the market management can function correctly, consumer willing to go to traditional market, the trader can get more profit, and market environment is clean and beautiful.Keywords: Strengthening, synergy, market management, traders and community

Can Islamic Microfinance Unleash the Coastal Community from the Loan Shark? : A Case Study of Indonesia

Indonesia is an archipelago with two-thirds of its territory in the form of oceans and coastal areas which support about two million fishermen. Despite having an enormous potential of fisheries, but most of the fishermen are poor and have minimal access to basic social services, including the affordable of financial services. Likewise in Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.Poverty in there is caused also by the injustice of market with the dominance of loan shark who has weakened the marketing network of fish, the destruction of social institutions, fish auction, and impartiality of government policy for the fishing community. As a qualitative approach, this study can be categorized as field research to capture the problem of the coastal communities by interviewing, doing observation, and also studying the literature or previous research.This study aims to recognize and understand the phenomenon experienced through a purposive sampling as non-probability sampling that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective of the study.Thus, this study is intended to: (1) Describe the socio-economic profile of community in Puget Coastal, Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia; (2) Capture the working model of the loan shark to trap the fishermen; (3) Find the opportunities of Islamic microfinance to help the coastal community to meet their needs in order to avoid them from the loan sharks.