scholarly journals A prospective cross-sectional study on prescribing pattern of antibiotics on patients suffering from ENT infections in tertiary care hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2303
Author(s):  
Surendra P. Gupta ◽  
Salikram Poudel ◽  
Anil P. Gupta ◽  
Basanta Bashyal ◽  
Bishal Baskota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Profile

Background: This survey was designed to assess and evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics used in patients suffering from ENT (Eye, Nose, and Throat) infections in ENT outpatient departments (OPD) at Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH), Phulbari, Pokhara, Nepal.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in out-patients of ENT department at MTH for 6 month in which a total of 216 prescriptions were observed randomly and data filled patient profile forms were collected and analyzed.Results: Out of 216 patients, 126(58.33%) were male and 90 (41.67%) were female. Patients of age group 21-30 were maximum (29.16%) followed by age group of 11-20 (22.22%). Only 6.7% of drugs were prescribed from their generic names. Data analysis revealed that about 72.24%, 24.53% and 3.23% of prescription contained one, two and three antibiotic drugs respectively. All together 970 drugs were prescribed in 216 prescriptions out of which 251 (25.87%) were antibiotics drugs. This suggested that the average no. of antibiotics per prescription was 1.16. Among prescribed antibiotics, Amoxicillin (7.56%) of penicillin group, Azithromycin (8.36%) of macrolides, Cefuroxime (9.56%) of 2nd generation cephalosporin followed by Cefpodoxime (32.27%) of 3rd generation cephalosporin and Ofloxacin (6.37%) of quinolones group were frequently prescribed. From analysis, we found that other concomitant medications were also prescribed such analgesics, antihistamines, PPI (Proton Pump Inhibitors) and vitamins, minerals and dietary enzymes. The prescribed antibiotics accounted for large percentage of oral dosage forms (89.90%) followed parental injection dosage forms 5.05%.Conclusions: Prescribing more than one antibiotics was commonly encountered indicating the occurrence of polypharmacy which were based on empirical therapy without any culture and sensitivity test report. Therefore, local hospital culture sensitivity database for ENT infections has to be developed and prescribing with generic name from existing essential drug list or formulary should be encouraged for rational drug therapy.

scholarly journals Prescription pattern of medicines in a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Roshi . ◽  
Vishal R. Tandon ◽  
Brij Mohan Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Prescribing drugs for any disease is not complete until it is rationally done. Irrational prescriptions often lead to treatment failure, toxicity or drug interactions which may prove detrimental to the patient. Antibiotics are very much prescribed in day to day practice but their rational use prevents treatment failure, resistance.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to see the antibiotic prescribing pattern. Prescriptions were screened one time from different OPDs with prior permission from the doctor attending the respective OPD.Results: A total of 200 prescriptions were assessed out of which 121 had monotherapies prescribed, 79 had FDCs. Antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed drugs. Prescriptions having drug combinations were assessed and pantoprazole domperidone was the most commonly prescribed (32.91%).Conclusions: Drugs should be prescribed rationally for proper therapeutic benefit. It encourages the patient to properly use the medicine and properly comply to it.

scholarly journals Hypocalcemia in Elderly Population in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (231) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Thapa ◽  
Rabindra Jang Rayamajhi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: As the medical facilities are improving, the life expectancy is increasing which has led to rapid rise in elderly population. The epidemiology of many diseases in elderly has been modified, including calcium imbalance. This study aims to know the prevalence of hypocalcemia in elderly population visiting a tertiary care center of Kathmandu. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center of Kathmandu from March to July 2020 after obtaining ethical clearance (Ref: 2003202007). Total 402 participants at or above 60 years of age groups visiting outpatient departments were included in the study by convenience sampling method excluding those under vitamin D and calcium supplements. Serum total calcium level was measured using standard routine method and corrected with albumin. The serum calcium value less than 8 mg/dl was considered as hypocalcemia in accordance with the reference range of our laboratory. Data analysis for calculation of frequency and proportion was done in Statistical Package of Social Sciences. Results: The prevalence of hypocalcaemia in elderly was found to be 97 (24.1%). Out of 286 participants of age group 60-74 years, hypocalcemia was seen in 75 (26.2%) and among 116 participants of age group >74 years, 22 (19%) were hypocalcemic. Among 181 male participants, 44 (24.3%) had hypocalcemia and out of 221 female participants, 53 (24%) had hypocalcemia. Conclusions: The finding of present study suggests that hypocalcemia is common among elderly which can be life threatening. Therefore, regular monitoring of serum calcium is recommended for this age group.

scholarly journals A study of clinical profile of patients with Dengue fever at a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivasulu T. ◽  
Jahnavi K.
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Presenting Symptoms

Background: Dengue is the most common fever. Among all flavi-viruses, it is the most common. It can cause around 50-100 million infections. Every year 2-5 lakh cases of Dengue hemorrhagic fever occur. The objective of the research was to study clinical profile of patients with Dengue fever at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Present study was cross sectional study. The patients were interviewed and examined at one point of time and later they were never followed which is similar to the cross-sectional study design. Present study was carried out in the hospital. This was done in the department of General Medicine of a tertiary care hospital. Present study was carried out over a period of one year.Results: In the present study, there were 78 males and 22 females. The sex ratio was 3.5:1. Maximum number of males (29.5%) was in the age group of 15-25. Among females, the maximum (40.9%) were in the age group of 26-35 years and 46-55 years (9%). The most common presenting symptom was fever in all cases followed by headache in 90%. Among bleeding manifestations, epistaxis, gum bleeding and hematuria (15%) were the common symptoms. Most patients presented with generalized lymphadenopathy in 52%. 56 patients showed only hepatomegaly and 46 splenomegaly, and 30 patients showed hepato splenomegaly. 99 showed leucopenia and 10 were anemic and 25 showed platelet count less than 1,50,000cells/cumm.Conclusions: Males were commonly affected. Younger age group of 15-25 was most commonly affected and fever and headache were the most common presenting symptoms. These findings help physicians in early diagnosis of dengue by suspecting these features as of dengue and can prevent morbidity and mortality associated with dengue.

scholarly journals Prescription pattern at outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital of Gujarat: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Nayana J. Gohil
Keyword(s):  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Teaching

Background: Evaluation of drug prescription prototype is a significant feature of patient care, which also provides as an estimate of the quality of care provided. Thus, the current study was carried out to analyze the prescriptions of patients attending outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: Present cross-sectional study was performed in the OPD of our tertiary care teaching hospital. The study was carrying out for duration of two years. Data was obtained from 850 prescriptions. Data was analysed as per WHO prescribing indicators.Results: Total 1700 prescriptions were analysed, that includes 55.8% males and 40.1% females. The highest numbers of prescriptions were from the age group of 18-40 (53.6%) years of age. Average number of drugs in the current study was found to be (2.1). Percentage of come across with an antibiotic prescribed was 17.12%. Percentage of come across with an injection prescribed was 11.81%.Conclusions: There is necessitate of recuperating the prescribing pattern by maintaining the number of medicines as little as possible, prescribing medicines by generic names, using medicines properly after selecting and deliberately keeping the charge of treatment low.

scholarly journals Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition among children: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Venkatesha K. R. ◽  
R. Ravikumar Naik
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Protein Energy

Background: In the world, hunger and malnutrition are most significant threat. Malnutrition is global risk factor for significant death among infants and pregnant woman. malnutrition increases the chances of several infections.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in children age group of 1 to 18 years, suffering from protein energy malnutrition, attending Department of Paediatrics, tertiary care hospital, Bangalore during the period January 2016 to December 2016. Results: In the present study, maximum number of cases (44) belongs to age group of 1-5 years, followed by 32 cases belongs to 6-12-year age group and 24 cases belong to 13-18-year age group. Maximum cases (59) belongs to female with male female ratio is 1:1.4. In the present study out of 100 cases, 81 cases came positive for protein energy malnutrition. Out of 81 cases positive for PEM, 34 cases belong to grade I followed by 24 cases belongs to grade II, 13 cases belong to grade III and 1o cases belongs to grade IV protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).Conclusions: Malnutrition is like an iceberg, most people in the developing countries live under the burden of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Ocular Morbidity among Paediatric Age Group Population Attending at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Mehul Sanghavi
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

Background: Ocular morbidities in children can have a serious impact on development; education and quality of life in children hence require prompt attention. This study was conducted with an objective to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences, Palghar between February 2021 to April 2021 were involving 55 children. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and analysed by SPSS version 23.0. All children who attended the Outpatient department of Ophthalmology during the study period were included and children whose parents did not give consents for examinations were excluded. Results: The most common ocular morbidity encountered was refractive errors (30.9%) followed by Conjunctivitis (20.0%) and ocular trauma (9.1%) in the age group of 10 - 15 years. Conclusion: Majority of ocular morbidities are preventable or treatable with proper use of eye care facilities is the need of the hour. Keywords: Ocular Trauma, Morbidity, Refractive Error, Conjunctivitis.

scholarly journals Study of iron deficiency anemia in infants of 3 to 6 months age group and its risk factors: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Varun Ganjigunta ◽  
Varsha Suresh Ahirrao ◽  
Premalatha R. ◽  
Ravichander B.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Iron deficiency anemia in 3-6 months-old infants is often neglected. Its presence in healthy infant of less than 6 months of age is largely debated. Neglecting IDA in this critical phase of growth can lead to serious consequences. The aim and objective of the study was to estimate the frequency of IDA in 3-6 months old infants, admitted in rural tertiary care hospital and to study its risk factors.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric department of rural tertiary care hospital. 100 infants in the age group 3-6 months were included in the study. Relevant maternal and infant factors were noted. CBC with blood indices, peripheral blood smear and reticulocyte count were studied. Anemia in them was defined as hemoglobin <9.5 g/dl. IDA was diagnosed based in history, examination, indices, and peripheral smear.Results: 22% of infants of 3-6 months had IDA. 40.9% of infants with IDA were low birth weight compared to 11.5% without IDA (p value<0.05). All pre-terms included in the study had IDA. 16% of term, normal birth weight, exclusively breast-fed infants had IDA. Underweight and stunting were seen in 31.8 % and 30.8% of IDA infants compared to 9% and 5.4% of infants without IDA.Conclusions: IDA was quite common in infants less than 6 months and also seen in healthy, term and exclusively breast-fed babies, so universal iron supplementation before 6 months need to be considered in National Iron plus Initiative in India. Preterm, LBW babies and babies with NICU stay are at higher risk of IDA. 

scholarly journals Gall Bladder Calculus in reproductive age group females attending the ultrasound clinic at a tertiary care hospital: A comparative Cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-490
Author(s):  
Manisha Pandey ◽  
Anita Rani ◽  
Kirti Jaiswal ◽  
Prasant Kumar Bajpai ◽  
Sandip Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Gall Stone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Pregnant females are at risk for cholelithiasis' progress, and the obstruction in the bile duct produced by gallstones is responsible for jaundice and abdominal pain. Objective: The objectives of the present study were to see the burden of gall stones, relation with parity, and trimester among reproductive age group females. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 467 females of age between 15 to 45 years. The gall bladder was thoroughly examined by an ultrasound probe of frequency 2-5 MHz in all planes. Results: In most females who had gallstones, single (68.8 percent) gall stone was common as compared to multiple (31.2 percent). More nonpregnant women had gall bladder stones than pregnant women (p-value <0.005). Among the current nonpregnant group, the percentage of presence of gallbladder stones was greater in the female having parity of two or more (27.4 percent) than the females having parity of less than two (8.2 percent) with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: Since Gallstones can further complicate the situation in the form of gallbladder carcinoma, and females with higher parity have more chances of developing gallstones. Therefore, it becomes necessary to know the trimester of gallstone formation and its role in the progression of symptoms.

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