scholarly journals Evaluation of dose dependent analgesic response by extracts of Myristica fragrans on albino wistar rats: an experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Imran Zaheer ◽  
Syed Ziaur Rahman ◽  
Rahat Ali Khan ◽  
Mehtab Parveen ◽  
Priyamvada Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate analgesic activity of ethanolic extract, methanol and benzene fraction of Myristica fragrans on wistar albino rats.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of pharmacology JNMC AMU and F.H. Medical College, Agra. The analgesic activity was evaluated by employing the Eddy’s hot plate method and tail flick response method. In both the tests, Rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g were used. The total number of animals n=36 were allocated to six groups. Each group consist of six animals each. The response noted in animals that were tested by hot plate method was reaction time for licking/biting of both the paws before and after administration of control & test drugs. However in Tail flick test, the pain threshold response was recorded before and after administration of control & test drugs. The statistical analysis was done by using one-way ANOVA. The data is expressed as Mean±SEM. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction of M. fragrans showed statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in reaction time for licking/biting in hot plate method. On the contrary a significant increase in pain threshold was also recorded in tail flick response test. It is interesting to note that no significant degree of analgesia related to any dose of benzene fraction was observed.Conclusions: The present study reveals the dose dependent significant analgesic activity of the extracts of M. fragrans i.e. ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction in both the test. However, the degree of analgesia was recorded significantly higher in groups received higher doses of extracts of M. fragrans.

Central analgesic activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Albizia lebbeck: role of the GABAergic and serotonergic pathways

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish G. Meshram ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Waseem Rizvi ◽  
C.D. Tripathi ◽  
R.A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
The Mean

AbstractAlbizia lebbeckBenth. is extensively used in Indian traditional medicine for treating several painful and inflammatory disorders. The possible central analgesic activity and the underlying mechanism of action of the aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) of the leaves ofA.lebbeckwere investigated in Wistar rats using Eddy’s hot plate and the tail flick tests. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism of action, rats were pretreated with naloxone, bicuculline or methysergide and then were administered a per os (p.o.) dose of AE or EE. AE and EE caused a significant (p<0.05) elevation in the mean basal reaction time in the hot plate method and an increase in the latency time in the tail flick method. In rats pretreated with bicuculline and methysergide, a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the analgesic activity was observed in comparison to AE and EE. Thus, AE and EE exhibited significant central analgesic activity and act possibly via the GABAergic and serotonergic pathways. The flavonoids and saponins found in the leaves could be responsible for the observed effect.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN ANIMAL MODEL.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Kartik Salwe J ◽  
Mirunalini R ◽  
Jervin Mano ◽  
Manimekalai K
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and Coriandrum sativum leaves and compared it with standard drug in an animal model.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. koenigii and C. sativum leaves were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. The central analgesic property was screened by hot plate method in mice and tail flick method in rats. The pain reaction time (PRT) was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: In hot plate method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. C. sativum leaves extract showed significant increase in PRT only at 60 and 120 min compared to control group. In tail flick method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses, higher dose of C. sativum leaves extract and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable with standard drug tramadol in both the methods. M. koenigii leaves extract at both dose showed significant reduction in the number of writhing but C. sativum leaves extract failed to show any significant reduction in the number of writhing compared with control. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract was comparable with standard drug tramadol.Conclusion: M. koenigii leaves extract showed both peripheral and central analgesic effect while C. sativum leaves extract showed only peripheral analgesic effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using acute pain model in male wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Sudar Codi R. ◽  
Sumina . ◽  
Uma N. ◽  
Manimekalai K.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Opioid Sparing ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sparing Effect

Background: Adjuvant analgesics are added to pain management regimen to reduce opioid consumption and minimise their side effect. Newer ones like dexmedetomidine and pregabalin have not been thoroughly researched. Objectives of the study to study the opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using tail flick and hot plate method in male wistar rats.Methods: Forty two rats were grouped into seven groups with six in each group. Analgesic activity was tested using tail flick, where in the reaction time to flick its tail on a heated surface was noted. In the hot plate method, the reaction time to withdraw or lick the paws when placed on heated surface was noted.Results: The reaction time to flick its tail was prolonged with dexmedetomidine and pregabalin when combined with opioids even in sub therapeutic doses.Conclusion: Adjuncts like dexmedetomidine and pregabalin can be very useful  in mutimodal pain management and also to reduce the opioid consumption.

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA PANICULATA BARK IN RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Meena K. Kamalkishore ◽  
Balaji Ommurugan ◽  
Bhanu P. Singh ◽  
Mohanbabu V. Amberkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Terminalia Paniculata

This study was conducted to determine the analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata (Tp) bark. Analgesic activity was determined using hot plate and tail flick method. Thirty adult Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Group I (control) received 2 mL water, Group II -codeine 5 mg kg-1, Group III, IV and V 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 of Tp, respectively. Latency time to pain sensation was noted. In hot plate model, group 5 showed significant increase in reaction time compared to groups 3 and 4 at all-time points and was comparable to standard codeine at 120th and 180th min. In tail flick method, standard codeine showed significant increased latency time compared to all three doses of Tp at 90th, 120th and 180th min. Group 5 showed significant increased reaction time compared to groups 3 and 4 from 60th min to 180th min. Group 4 showed increased analgesic activity compared to group 3 at 90th, 120th and 180th min but group 3 was significantly better at 30th min. Thus T. paniculata possesses analgesic potential.

scholarly journals Change from baseline as an outcome illustrates escape behaviour of rats in hot plate method

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Rama Mohan Pathapati ◽  
Manchi Rajesh Kumar ◽  
B. L. Kudagi ◽  
Madhavulu Buchineni
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Escape Reflex

Background: The Hot Plate test is a thermal hyperalgesia model to assess the analgesic activity of many compounds. Traditional analysis compares reaction times with controls, reports only analgesic activity without considering escape reflex. Escape reflex to pain sensation also provides an indirect measure of analgesic activity. However, it requires repeated exposure of rats to hot plate. We explored the learning activities and escape behaviour of rats by calculating the change from baseline of reaction times.Methods: Male Wister strain albino rats, weighing between 150-200mg were used for assessment of hot-plate induced hyperalgesia. Author analysed the analgesic activity of aspirin (100mg/Kg) and compared with animals receiving saline. Aspirin and saline were administered 1hr orally before the commencement of the experiment. The reaction time was recorded at every 30 min up to 6hrs.Results: With traditional analysis, we can observe that the onset of action, peak action and duration of analgesic activity of aspirin was at 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 hours respectively. Peak inhibition of reaction time was seen at 2 hours with a magnitude of 474%. When we applied a statistical procedure, absolute change from baseline statistics, we found that animals treated with aspirin also exhibited escape reflex after fading of drug response and animals treated with saline demonstrated early (0.5hr) escape behaviour from the hot plate and continued throughout the rest of the experiment.Conclusions: Change from baseline as an outcome illustrates escape behaviour of rats in hot plate method and it should be employed along with percentage inhibition during assessment of analgesic activity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN ANIMAL MODEL.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Kartik Salwe J ◽  
Mirunalini R ◽  
Jervin Mano ◽  
Manimekalai K
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and Coriandrum sativum leaves and compared it with standard drug in an animal model.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. koenigii and C. sativum leaves were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. The central analgesic property was screened by hot plate method in mice and tail flick method in rats. The pain reaction time (PRT) was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: In hot plate method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. C. sativum leaves extract showed significant increase in PRT only at 60 and 120 min compared to control group. In tail flick method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses, higher dose of C. sativum leaves extract and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable with standard drug tramadol in both the methods. M. koenigii leaves extract at both dose showed significant reduction in the number of writhing but C. sativum leaves extract failed to show any significant reduction in the number of writhing compared with control. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract was comparable with standard drug tramadol.Conclusion: M. koenigii leaves extract showed both peripheral and central analgesic effect while C. sativum leaves extract showed only peripheral analgesic effect.

scholarly journals A study to evaluate the analgesic activity of Origanum vulgare in mice using hot plate method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Siddhi Raveendran ◽  
A. V. Tilak ◽  
Shraddha Yadav ◽  
Sayan Das ◽  
Vishwadeep Madrewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
International Association ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method

Background: The International Association for Study of pain, has defined pain as actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. But the burden of unwanted side effects with current regimens are high. To explore the potential of Ayurveda drugs, this study is done by using Origanum vulgare.Methods: In vivo model used-Hot plate method. Origanum vulgare (84 mg/kg p.o) was administered in mice. The analgesic activity was studied by recording the reaction time after administration of the drug at frequent intervals up to 3 hrs. The results were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Pentazocine showed statistically prolongation in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare.Results: In hot plate method, pentazocine showed statistically significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. However, Origanum vulgare in a dose of 84 mg/kg showed significantly increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. On comparing pentazocine and Origanum vulgare, pentazocine showed highly significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare at 84 mg/kg dose.Conclusions: From the present study, it was concluded that extract of Origanum vulgare exerted analgesic activity in both the models. However, it was less potent than pentazocine. Thus, Origanum vulgare can be used in mild to moderate painful conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the Allium cepa extract in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Purna Prasad Meegada ◽  
Rama Mohan Pathapati ◽  
Sriharsha Rayam ◽  
Raveendra Kumar Nallabothula
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

Background: The onion plant (Allium cepa) is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. It has antibiotic, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant, hemostatic, antimutagenic effects. The current study is aimed to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Allium cepa extracts in rat models.Methods: In this study analgesic activity in rats is tested by Eddy’s hot plate method, tail flick method. In Eddy’s hot plate method rats are individually placed on the heated plate of the analgesic meter maintained at 550C and mean reaction time was calculated at regular time intervals. In tail flick method the tail withdrawal from the heat (flicking response) is taken as the end point. Anti-inflammatory property is studied by carrageenan induced paw edema model, in which the paw volume is measured with a plethysmograph.Results: In Eddy’s hot plate method the mean reaction time increased significantly (p<0.05) with high dose of Allium cepa at 1 hour and 2 hours when compared to control. In tail flick method the mean reaction time is increased significantly (p<0.05) with high dose of Allium cepa at 1 hour and 1.5 hour when compared to control. In carrageenan induced paw edema method Allium cepa exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by significant (p<0.05) suppression of paw edema when compare to control at 1 hour after carrageenan injection to rat paw.Conclusions: Allium cepa has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in hot plate, tail flick and carrageenan induced paw edema model.

Analgesic activity of Hydroalcholic extract of Achyranthes aspera leaves on animal model

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-241
Author(s):  
Karunakar Shukla ◽  
Sourabh Jain ◽  
Narendra Patil ◽  
Ketan Patil ◽  
Kalpesh Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Analgesic Agent ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Albino Mice

Achyranthes aspera L. (Family: Amaranthaceae) is widely used as a medicinal plant. The hydroalcholic extract of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves was screened for its analgesic activity. The dose (200 mg/kg) was tested for analgesic activity using hot plate and Tail flick test in albino mice. The hydroalcholic extract of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves showed maximum analgesic activity in hot plate at reaction time 120 min (7.40±0.08) and tail flick method at reaction time 120 min (6.9±0.06). These study suggest that the hydroalcholic extract of Achyranthes aspera L. could be considered as potential analgesic agent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of the Methanol Extract from the Galls ofQuercus infectoria(Olivier) in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sook-Ha Fan ◽  
Noraisah Akbar Ali ◽  
Dayang Fredalina Basri
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Morphine Sulfate ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Quercus Infectoria

The present study aims to investigate the analgesic activity of the methanol extract of the galls ofQuercus infectoriain rats using hot plate and tail-flick methods. The extract was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg while morphine sulfate and sodium salicylate (10 mg/kg) served as standards. The methanol extract exhibited significant analgesic activity in the tail-flick model (P<0.05) by increasing the reaction time of the rats to 8.0 sec at 30 min after treatment in comparison to control (4.4 sec). Morphine sulfate produced a reaction time of 11.9 sec in the same test. At the peak of activity (30 min), the extract produced maximum possible analgesia (MPA) of 34.2%, whilst morphine sulfate achieved a peak MPA of 70.9%. No analgesic effects have been observed using sodium salicylate in the tail-flick model. In the same model, the extract and sodium salicylate demonstrated comparable reaction times. Tail-flick is a better method to evaluate analgesic activity as no significant results were observed for all treatments using hot plate with the exception of morphine sulfate, which showed significant results only at 45 and 60 min after treatment. In conclusion, the methanol extract of the galls ofQuercus infectoriadisplayed analgesic activity.

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