scholarly journals Evaluation of opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using acute pain model in male wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Sudar Codi R. ◽  
Sumina . ◽  
Uma N. ◽  
Manimekalai K.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Opioid Sparing ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sparing Effect

Background: Adjuvant analgesics are added to pain management regimen to reduce opioid consumption and minimise their side effect. Newer ones like dexmedetomidine and pregabalin have not been thoroughly researched. Objectives of the study to study the opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using tail flick and hot plate method in male wistar rats.Methods: Forty two rats were grouped into seven groups with six in each group. Analgesic activity was tested using tail flick, where in the reaction time to flick its tail on a heated surface was noted. In the hot plate method, the reaction time to withdraw or lick the paws when placed on heated surface was noted.Results: The reaction time to flick its tail was prolonged with dexmedetomidine and pregabalin when combined with opioids even in sub therapeutic doses.Conclusion: Adjuncts like dexmedetomidine and pregabalin can be very useful  in mutimodal pain management and also to reduce the opioid consumption.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dose dependent analgesic response by extracts of Myristica fragrans on albino wistar rats: an experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Imran Zaheer ◽  
Syed Ziaur Rahman ◽  
Rahat Ali Khan ◽  
Mehtab Parveen ◽  
Priyamvada Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate analgesic activity of ethanolic extract, methanol and benzene fraction of Myristica fragrans on wistar albino rats.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of pharmacology JNMC AMU and F.H. Medical College, Agra. The analgesic activity was evaluated by employing the Eddy’s hot plate method and tail flick response method. In both the tests, Rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g were used. The total number of animals n=36 were allocated to six groups. Each group consist of six animals each. The response noted in animals that were tested by hot plate method was reaction time for licking/biting of both the paws before and after administration of control & test drugs. However in Tail flick test, the pain threshold response was recorded before and after administration of control & test drugs. The statistical analysis was done by using one-way ANOVA. The data is expressed as Mean±SEM. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction of M. fragrans showed statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in reaction time for licking/biting in hot plate method. On the contrary a significant increase in pain threshold was also recorded in tail flick response test. It is interesting to note that no significant degree of analgesia related to any dose of benzene fraction was observed.Conclusions: The present study reveals the dose dependent significant analgesic activity of the extracts of M. fragrans i.e. ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction in both the test. However, the degree of analgesia was recorded significantly higher in groups received higher doses of extracts of M. fragrans.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the Allium cepa extract in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Purna Prasad Meegada ◽  
Rama Mohan Pathapati ◽  
Sriharsha Rayam ◽  
Raveendra Kumar Nallabothula
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

Background: The onion plant (Allium cepa) is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. It has antibiotic, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant, hemostatic, antimutagenic effects. The current study is aimed to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Allium cepa extracts in rat models.Methods: In this study analgesic activity in rats is tested by Eddy’s hot plate method, tail flick method. In Eddy’s hot plate method rats are individually placed on the heated plate of the analgesic meter maintained at 550C and mean reaction time was calculated at regular time intervals. In tail flick method the tail withdrawal from the heat (flicking response) is taken as the end point. Anti-inflammatory property is studied by carrageenan induced paw edema model, in which the paw volume is measured with a plethysmograph.Results: In Eddy’s hot plate method the mean reaction time increased significantly (p<0.05) with high dose of Allium cepa at 1 hour and 2 hours when compared to control. In tail flick method the mean reaction time is increased significantly (p<0.05) with high dose of Allium cepa at 1 hour and 1.5 hour when compared to control. In carrageenan induced paw edema method Allium cepa exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by significant (p<0.05) suppression of paw edema when compare to control at 1 hour after carrageenan injection to rat paw.Conclusions: Allium cepa has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in hot plate, tail flick and carrageenan induced paw edema model.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN ANIMAL MODEL.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Kartik Salwe J ◽  
Mirunalini R ◽  
Jervin Mano ◽  
Manimekalai K
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and Coriandrum sativum leaves and compared it with standard drug in an animal model.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. koenigii and C. sativum leaves were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. The central analgesic property was screened by hot plate method in mice and tail flick method in rats. The pain reaction time (PRT) was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: In hot plate method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. C. sativum leaves extract showed significant increase in PRT only at 60 and 120 min compared to control group. In tail flick method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses, higher dose of C. sativum leaves extract and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable with standard drug tramadol in both the methods. M. koenigii leaves extract at both dose showed significant reduction in the number of writhing but C. sativum leaves extract failed to show any significant reduction in the number of writhing compared with control. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract was comparable with standard drug tramadol.Conclusion: M. koenigii leaves extract showed both peripheral and central analgesic effect while C. sativum leaves extract showed only peripheral analgesic effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Enhydra fluctuans on male wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kishor Kumar Roy ◽  
Md. Kabirul Islam Mollah ◽  
Md. Masud Reja ◽  
Dibyendu Shil ◽  
Ranjan Kumar Maji
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Enhydra fluctuations an edible semi-aquatic vegetable plant are widely used in the traditional system of medicine. Ethanolic extract of Enhydra fluctuans was screened for analgesic & anti-inflammatory activity. Analgesic activity was evaluated by the hot plate method and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by formalin induce paw edema in Wistar rats (male). Ethanolic extract dose of 300 mg/kg reduce formalin induce paw inflammation and also increased the pain threshold in rats evidenced by hot plate method. The experimental results concluded that Enhydra fluctuans have significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity may due to flavonoid and phenolic compound content.

scholarly journals Comparing the Antinociceptive Effects of Methamphetamine, Buprenorphine, or Both After Chronic Treatment and Withdrawal in Male Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Farshid Etaee ◽  
◽  
Arezoo Rezvani-Kamran ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Ghazaleh Omidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Methamphetamine (Meth) and Buprenorphine (BUP) modulate pain perception. However, the antinociceptive effects of their interactions, which affect through different systems, are unclear in rats. This study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of Meth, BUP, and their coadministration, as well as the effect of withdrawal from these substances on nociception in male rats. Methods: In this experiment, 40 male Wistar rats (weight: 250-300 g) were categorized into four groups: control, Meth, BUP, or BUP+Meth. After seven days of treatments, the antinociceptive effects were assessed using the hot plate and the tail flick tests. The differences among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Meth and BUP increased the reaction times during the hot plate and tail flick tests. The combination of Meth and BUP increased reaction time more than Meth or BUP alone.  Conclusion: The significantly high reaction times in rats treated with Meth and BUP indicate that these substances have antinociceptive effects. In addition, Meth enhanced the antinociceptive effects of BUP. These synergistic effects might occur through the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and or adrenergic systems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of a combination of tramadol-pregabalin in animal models of pain and inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Suthakaran C. ◽  
Raja T. A. R. ◽  
Kayalvizhi M. K. ◽  
Nithya K. ◽  
Ramnarayana Reddy R. V.
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Provide Pain Relief ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rats And Mice

Background: A major goal of pain management is to provide pain relief that is clinically meaningful, sustained, and associated with minimum and reversible adverse effects. Since single analgesic drug is not effective in all patients, there is a need either to develop new and more effective drugs or to identify favourable combinations of drugs that are already available. The aim of the present was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of tramadol and pregabalin when used alone or in combination in animal models of pain and inflammation.Methods: The animals (rats and mice) were divided into eight groups with six animals in each group. Analgesia was assessed by acetic acid induced writhing and tail flick methods in mice and hot plate method in rats. Paw oedema model in rats after induction with 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan was used to assess the anti‑inflammatory activity. The percentage inhibition of writhes and prolongation of reaction time were used for assessing analgesic activity and reduction in paw volume was used for assessing anti-inflammatory activity. The results obtained were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD Post-hoc Test.Results: Treatment with tramadol pregabalin alone or in combination reduced writhing episodes significantly in acetic acid induced writhing in mice as compared to control indicating its analgesic effect and the highest percentage inhibition of pain was seen with high dose tramadol plus pregabalin. Treatment in Hot plate and Tail flick methods significantly prolonged the reaction time at all time points.Conclusions: Tramadol when combined with pregabalin may enhance its anti-nociceptive effects. If confirmed in additional models of acute and/or chronic pain this combination might be useful in the clinical management of pain not associated with inflammation.

scholarly journals Analgesic Effect of Zolmitriptan Nanoparticles in Experimental Animal Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr. Farshid Ali Naghi Zadeh Khezri ◽  
Dr. Shachindra L. Nargund ◽  
Dr. C. S. R. Lakshmi ◽  
Dr. L. V. G. Nargund ◽  
Dr. Reza Alisani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug

Background: Zolmitriptan is used to treat migraine and certain other headaches. This study has been done to prepare specific Zolmitriptan Nano-nasal spray (Z-NPS) by ion gelation technique to evaluate the efficacy of analgesic activity of test drug as a nano nasal spray of Zolmitriptan (Z-NPS) and conventional preparation as a standard drug (Zolmist) against Nitro-glycerine induced migraine. The study was performed on mice by using hot plate method. Methods: In this study male Swiss albino mice weighing between 25-30 grams were taken and divided into 4 groups with 6 mice in each group. Zolmitriptan loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Z-NPS) was administered nasally (using specific inhalation mask) at a dose of 5 mg/kg and was compared with the control group which received water for injection and the standard drug Zolmitriptan (Zolmist) at a same dose in mice induced migraine using hot plate method. Reaction times were measured at 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes after drug administration. Results: The test drug (Z-NPS) at a dose of 5 mg/kg after 10 minutes of drug administration showed an increase in the reaction time compared to the standard drug (Zolmist) at same dose of drug administration. However, Z-NPS showed significant increase in the reaction time after 10 minutes as compared to Zolmist. Conclusion: Zolmitriptan has significant analgesic properties in central-analgesic model i.e. Hot-plate method. The test drug could be used for anti-migraine activity.

scholarly journals Integrating Adjuvant Analgesics into Perioperative Pain Practice: Results from an Academic Medical Center

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Kai Chin ◽  
Ian Carroll ◽  
Karishma Desai ◽  
Steven Asch ◽  
Tina Seto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Morphine ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Unplanned Readmission ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Opioid Sparing

Abstract Background Opioid-sparing postoperative pain management therapies are important considering the opioid epidemic. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common and painful procedure accounting for a large number of opioid prescriptions. Adjuvant analgesics, nonopioid drugs with primary indications other than pain, have shown beneficial pain management and opioid-sparing effects following TKA in clinical trials. We evaluated the adjuvant analgesic gabapentin for its usage patterns and its effects on opioid use, pain, and readmissions. Methods This retrospective, observational study included 4,046 patients who received primary TKA between 2009 and 2017 using electronic health records from an academic tertiary care medical institute. Descriptive statistics and multivariate modeling were used to estimate associations between inpatient gabapentin use and adverse pain outcomes as well as inpatient oral morphine equivalents per day (OME). Results Overall, there was an 8.72% annual increase in gabapentin use (P &lt; 0.001). Modeled estimates suggest that gabapentin is associated with a significant decrease in opioid consumption (estimate = 0.63, 95% confidence interval = 0.49–0.82, P &lt; 0.001) when controlling for patient characteristics. Patients receiving gabapentin had similar discharge pain scores, follow-up pain scores, and 30-day unplanned readmission rates compared with patients receiving no adjuvant analgesics (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions When assessed in a real-world setting over a large cohort of TKA patients, gabapentin is an effective pain management therapy that is associated with reduced opioid consumption—a national priority in this time of opioid crisis—while maintaining the same quality of pain management.

Evidence for the Efficacy of an Opioid-Sparing Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen in the Surgery Patient: A Systematic Review

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3301-3313
Author(s):  
Daniel E Hilleman ◽  
Mark A Malesker ◽  
Sarah J Aurit ◽  
Lee Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Active Comparator ◽  
Opioid Sparing ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Sparing Effect

Abstract Background Intravenous (IV) acetaminophen is used in multimodal analgesia to reduce the amount and duration of opioid use in the postoperative setting. Methods A systematic review of published randomized controlled trials was conducted to define the opioid-sparing effect of IV acetaminophen in different types of surgeries. Eligible studies included prospective, randomized, double-blind trials of IV acetaminophen compared with either a placebo- or active-treatment group in adult (age ≥18 years) patients undergoing surgery. Trials had to be published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. Results A total of 44 treatment cohorts included in 37 studies were included in the systematic analysis. Compared with active- or placebo-control treatments, IV acetaminophen produced a statistically significant opioid-sparing effect in 14 of 44 cohorts (32%). An opioid-sparing effect was more common in placebo-controlled comparisons. Of the 28 placebo treatment comparisons, IV acetaminophen produced an opioid-sparing effect in 13 (46%). IV acetaminophen produced an opioid-sparing effect in only 6% (one out of 16) of the active-control groups. Among the 16 active-control groups, opioid consumption was significantly greater with IV acetaminophen than the active comparator in seven cohorts and not significantly different than the active comparator in eight cohorts. Conclusions The results of this systematic analysis demonstrate that IV acetaminophen is not effective in reducing opioid consumption compared with other adjuvant analgesic agents in the postoperative patient. In patients where other adjuvant analgesic agents are contraindicated, IV acetaminophen may be an option.

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA PANICULATA BARK IN RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Meena K. Kamalkishore ◽  
Balaji Ommurugan ◽  
Bhanu P. Singh ◽  
Mohanbabu V. Amberkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Terminalia Paniculata

This study was conducted to determine the analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata (Tp) bark. Analgesic activity was determined using hot plate and tail flick method. Thirty adult Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Group I (control) received 2 mL water, Group II -codeine 5 mg kg-1, Group III, IV and V 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 of Tp, respectively. Latency time to pain sensation was noted. In hot plate model, group 5 showed significant increase in reaction time compared to groups 3 and 4 at all-time points and was comparable to standard codeine at 120th and 180th min. In tail flick method, standard codeine showed significant increased latency time compared to all three doses of Tp at 90th, 120th and 180th min. Group 5 showed significant increased reaction time compared to groups 3 and 4 from 60th min to 180th min. Group 4 showed increased analgesic activity compared to group 3 at 90th, 120th and 180th min but group 3 was significantly better at 30th min. Thus T. paniculata possesses analgesic potential.

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