scholarly journals Perinatal outcome of multiple pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Susithra Saravanan ◽  
Malarvizhi Loganathan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

Background: Multifetal gestation in addition to perinatal mortality and morbidity, attributable to preterm delivery they are more vulnerable to unique complications such as, structural malformations and twin- twin transfusion syndrome so that still birth rates are also appreciably increased. The incidence of multifetal gestation following conventional gonadtropin therapy is 16-40% with 75% being twins, with super ovulation it is 25-30%. The incidence of twins and triplets with embryo transfer 22-24% and 26% respectively.Methods: The clinical material taken from institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Egmore Maternity, Chennai. Material for this study consists of 100 multiple pregnancies from May 2001 to April 2002. During this study period 19,617 patients admitted for delivery. There were 99 seats of twins and 1 Triplets.Results: During the period of 1 year, 150 cases were analyzed. During the period 148 cases 2 cases of tripelets studied, no cases of quadruplets were reported during this period.Conclusions: Multifetal gestation is one of the high-risk pregnancies. Hence women with multifetal gestation should ideally receive antenatal care in special twin clinics to meet their special needs. The multi-disciplinary team should be lead by an obstetrician, should include midwives, USG, Neonatologists, social workers and anesthetists. Women followed in twin clinic had significant improvement in women outcome which includes increased mean birth weight, decreased low birth weight and low ICU admissions.

scholarly journals A CLINICAL STUDY ON MATERNALAND PERINATAL OUTCOME OF MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES IN PATNA MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ritu Kumari ◽  
Anjana Sinha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Care Health

The occurrence of two or more foetuses simultaneously in the uterus is referred to as multiple pregnancy. Teleologically, multiple pregnancy in humans can be regarded as an atavistic trait to which the mother is not optimally suited, with consequent increase in the risks for both the foetuses and the mother. The past few years have shown a considerable rise in the incidence of multiple pregnancies largely attributed to the advent of assisted reproduction, use of ovulation inducing drugs and an increased trend towards delayed child bearing. This cross –sectional study was carried out to find the maternal and perinatal outcome in multiple pregnancies in Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar over a period of July 2018 to April 2019. The incidence of multiple pregnancies was found to be 1.27%.53.6% cases were booked and 43.6% were unbooked. Preterm labour was the commonest complication (74.2%), anaemia being the second most common (45.16%). The maternal morbidity was higher in caesarean section than in vaginal delivery. There was one case of maternal mortality due to septicaemia and peritonitis with severe PIH, who underwent LSCS due to prolong labour and retained second twin. Judicious use of assisted reproductive technology including ovulation induction can reduce the incidence of multiple pregnancies. Proper antenatal care, health education, prevention of preterm birth, better facilities for premature babies, skilled obstetrician and anaesthetist can improve the maternal and perinatal outcome in multiple pregnancy. As such early detection of multiple pregnancies is an important parameter which enables proper antenatal care and subsequent delivery.

Does Placental Weight Affects Perinatal Outcome? A Prospective Case-control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Naina Kumar ◽  
Himani Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Prospective Case Control Study

Background: Placenta plays a very important role in the growth and development of fetus. Objective: To know the correlation between placental weight and perinatal outcome in term antenatal women. Methods: Present prospective case-control study was conducted in the rural tertiary center of Northern India over one year (January-December 2018) on 1,118 term (≥37-≤42 weeks) antenatal women with singleton pregnancy fulfilling inclusion criteria with 559 women with high-risk pregnancy as cases and 559 low-risk pregnant women as controls. Placental weight, birth weight was measured immediately after delivery and compared between the two groups along with gestation, parity, fetal gender, and neonatal outcome. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22 version. Results: Mean placental weight [481.98±67.83 gm vs. 499.47±59.59 gm (p=.000)] and birth weight [2.68±0.53 Kg vs. 2.88±0.4 Kg (p=.000)] was significantly lower in high risk as compared to lowrisk participants, whereas placental birth weight ratio was higher in high-risk cases [18.35±2.37 vs. 17.41±1.38 (p=.000)] respectively. Placental weight was positively correlated with birth weight and placental weight and birth weight increased with increasing gestation in both cases and controls. Male neonates had higher placental weight [492.74±68.24 gm vs. 488±58.8 gm (p=0.224)] and birth weight [2.81±0.5 Kg vs. 2.74±0.45 Kg (p=0.033)] as compared to females. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission was significantly associated with low placental and birth weight (p=.000). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between placental weight, birth weight and neonatal outcome, hence placental weight can be used as an indirect indicator of intrauterine fetal growth.

OUTCOME OF SECOND BABY OF TWIN IN A RURAL TEACHING HOSPITAL OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Kajal Kumar Patra ◽  
Anirban Mandal ◽  
Thyadi Himabindu
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Second Twin

Background: Multiple pregnancies are a high-risk situation because of its inherent risks to mother and the fetus. Twin or multiple pregnancies are gaining importance worldwide because of the attributable rise in treatment of infertility including assisted reproductive technologies. Twin pregnancies are associated with increased fetal loss, prematurity, structural abnormalities, and fetal growth restriction. Complications associated with twin pregnancy. The conduct of a twin delivery remains one of the most challenging events in the current obstetric practice. This Methods: study was an Hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, Bankura, West Bengal from January 2020 to December 2020. 238 patients were included in the study after informed consent from the patient about being a part of this study. Template was generated in MS excel sheet and analysis was done on SPSS software. Results: Majority 154 (64.7%) of women belonged to age group 21-30 years. Gestational age of 159 (66.8%) mothers were < 37 weeks. Perinatal outcome of second twin was highest in the maternal age group 20 years. Perinatal outcome of second twin was highest in the birth weight of the 2nd twin < 2500 grams. Delivery time interval between the babies was maximum 175 (73.5%) is < 10 minutes. Gestational age, Conclusions: presentation, mode of delivery, and birth weight are the signicant determinants of perinatal outcome of the second twin. The second twin is at higher risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality than the rst twin. Frequent antenatal care should be advised to the mothers.

scholarly journals The study of arterial and venous Doppler in high risk pregnancies and its role in perinatal outcome

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
S. Tabitha ◽  
Madishetti Rajini
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Ductus Venosus ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: Antepartum foetal surveillance is the corner stone in the management of high risk pregnancies, aimed at reducing maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted to analyse the blood flow in umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, umbilical vein and ductus venous using doppler ultrasound in high risk pregnancies.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in pregnant patients with high risk factors after 28 weeks of gestation who got admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Care Hospital, Hyderabad during the period from October 2013 to December 2014.Results: Patients were divided into two groups, first with normal Doppler and second with abnormal Doppler, containing 76 and 20 patients respectively. Group 2 is again 4 sub-groups according to the vessel affected. Group A included the cases with affected umbilical artery, Group B included the cases with affected middle cerebral artery, Group C included the cases with both affected umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery (UA+MCA), Group D included the Cases with the affected umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and Ductus Venosus (UA+MCA+DV) containing 12, 2, 4 and 2 patients respectively. There were more number of emergency caesarean sections than vaginal deliveries which is statistically significant (p <0.034), there were more number of sick babies than healthy babies and there are more number of still births which is statistically significant (p <0.0001), there are more number of low birth weight babies in comparison to normal weight, which is statistically significant (p <0.0037). Distribution of cases with abnormal Doppler depending on vessel abnormality according to gestational age at the time of delivery, mode of delivery, perinatal outcome, birth weight, which was statistically significant. The sensitivity and specificity of abnormal Doppler in predicting perinatal outcome is 45% with (95% CI 26.9-64.0) and 89.5% with (95% CI 79.0-95.3) respectively. The positive predictive value is 65% with (95% CI 40.9-83.6) and negative predictive value is 78.9% with (95% CI 67.7-87.1).Conclusions: This study recommends that all high risk pregnant women should undergo serial foetal monitoring. When doppler abnormalities are detected, delivery should be conducted at a tertiary care centre where facilities for caesarean section and NICU are present.

scholarly journals Live birth rate and neonatal outcomes of different quantities and qualities of frozen transferred blastocyst in patients requiring whole embryo freezing stratified by age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiping Chen ◽  
Hongzi Du ◽  
Jianqiao Liu ◽  
Haiying Liu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Blastocyst Transfer ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Embryo Freezing

Abstract Background: Multiple pregnancies are associated with significant complications and health risks for both mothers and infants. Single blastocyst transfer (SBT) is a logical and effective measure to reduce the incidence of multiple pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Whether it is suitable for everyone undergoing SBT was inconclusive, in view of the consideration of embryo quality and patients’ age. Therefore, this study aimed to explore live birth rate (LBR) and neonatal outcomes of different quantities and qualities of blastocysts in patients stratified by age, using a cutoff of 35 years, who required whole embryo freezing and underwent a subsequent frozen thawed transfer (FET) cycle.Methods: A total of 3,362 patients were divided into five groups: group A (n=1569) received a single good-quality blastocyst, group B (n=1113) received two good-quality blastocysts, group C (n=313) received one good- and one average-quality blastocyst, group D (n=222) received two average-quality blastocysts, and group E (n=145) received one average-quality blastocyst.Results: For patients who received good-quality blastocysts, irrespective of age, the LBR of double blastocyst transfer (DBT) was about 50–65% and the multiple pregnancy rate (MPR) was 40–60%; however, the LBR of SBT was 40–55%, and the MPR was 3.5–6.3%. For patients who only had average-quality blastocysts, the MPR of double average-quality blastocyst transfer was as high as 30–50%. Moreover, about 70–90% of preterm births resulted from multiple pregnancies, and about 85–95% of low birth weight babies come from multiple pregnancies. The neonatal outcomes (gestational age, birth weight, and birth height) of DBT were significantly lower than those of SBT regardless of age, and this statistical difference disappeared if the patients were subgrouped by singleton or twin. There is no significant difference in neonatal outcomes between single good-quality blastocyst and single average-quality blastocyst transfer.Conclusions: SBT is a preferable option for patients regardless of age when good-quality blastocysts are available. For patients who only had average-quality blastocysts, they should be informed that DBT was associated with higher multiple pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes when compared with SBT regardless of age, suggesting that the practice of SBT is also feasible for these patients.

scholarly journals Live Birth Rate and Neonatal Outcomes of Different Quantities and Qualities of Frozen Transferred Blastocyst in Patients Requiring Whole Embryo Freezing Stratified by Age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiping Chen ◽  
Hongzi Du ◽  
Jianqiao Liu ◽  
Haiying Liu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Blastocyst Transfer ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Embryo Freezing ◽  
Single Blastocyst Transfer

Abstract Background: Multiple pregnancies are associated with significant complications and health risks for both the mothers and infants. Single blastocyst transfer (SBT) is a logical and effective measure to reduce the incidence of multiple pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Whether it is suitable for everyone undergoing SBT was inconclusive, in view of the consideration of embryo quality and patients’ age.Objective: To explored live birth rate (LBR) and neonatal outcomes of different quantities and qualities of blastocysts in patients stratified by age, using a cutoff of 35 years, who required whole embryo freezing and underwent a subsequent frozen-thawed transfer (FET) cycle.Methods: A total of 3362 patients were divided into five groups: group A (n=1569) received a single good-quality blastocyst; group B (n=1113) received two good-quality blastocysts; group C (n=313) received one good- and one average-quality blastocyst; group D (n=222) received two average-quality blastocysts; and group E (n=145) received one average-quality blastocyst. Results: For patients have good-quality blastocysts, irrespective of age, the LBR of double blastocyst transfer (DBT) were about 50-65% and multiple pregnancy rate (MPR) were 40-60%, however, the LBR of single blastocyst transfer (SBT) were 40-55% and MPR were 3.5-6.3%. For patients who only had average-quality blastocysts, the MPR of double average-quality blastocysts transfer was as high as 30-50%. Moreover, about 70-90% of preterm births resulted from multiple pregnancies, and about 85-95% of low birth weight babies come from multiple pregnancies. The neonatal outcomes (gestational age, birth weight and birth height ) of SBT were significantly lower than those of DBT regardless of age, and this statistical difference disappeared if the patients were sub-grouped by singleton or twin. There is no significant difference in neonatal outcomes between single good-quality blastocyst and single average-quality blastocyst transfer. Conclusions: SBT is a preferable option for patients regardless of age when good-quality blastocysts are available. For patients who only had average-quality blastocysts, patients should be informed that DBT was associated with higher multiple pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes when compared with SBT regardless of age, suggesting that the practice of SBT is also feasible for these patients.

scholarly journals Live birth rate and neonatal outcomes of different quantities and qualities of frozen transferred blastocyst in patients requiring whole embryo freezing stratified by age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiping Chen ◽  
Hongzi Du ◽  
Jianqiao Liu ◽  
Haiying Liu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Blastocyst Transfer ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Embryo Freezing

Abstract Background: Multiple pregnancies are associated with significant complications and health risks for both mothers and infants. Single blastocyst transfer (SBT) is a logical and effective measure to reduce the incidence of multiple pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Whether it is suitable for everyone undergoing SBT was inconclusive, in view of the consideration of embryo quality and patients’ age. Therefore, this study aimed to explore live birth rate (LBR) and neonatal outcomes of different quantities and qualities of blastocysts in patients stratified by age, using a cutoff of 35 years, who required whole embryo freezing and underwent a subsequent frozen thawed transfer (FET) cycle.Methods: A total of 3,362 patients were divided into five groups: group A (n=1569) received a single good-quality blastocyst, group B (n=1113) received two good-quality blastocysts, group C (n=313) received one good- and one average-quality blastocyst, group D (n=222) received two average-quality blastocysts, and group E (n=145) received one average-quality blastocyst.Results: For patients who received good-quality blastocysts, irrespective of age, the LBR of double blastocyst transfer (DBT) was about 50–65% and the multiple pregnancy rate (MPR) was 40–60%; however, the LBR of SBT was 40–55%, and the MPR was 3.5–6.3%. For patients who only had average-quality blastocysts, the MPR of double average-quality blastocyst transfer was as high as 30–50%. Moreover, about 70–90% of preterm births resulted from multiple pregnancies, and about 85–95% of low birth weight babies come from multiple pregnancies. The neonatal outcomes (gestational age, birth weight, and birth height) of DBT were significantly lower than those of SBT regardless of age, and this statistical difference disappeared if the patients were subgrouped by singleton or twin. There is no significant difference in neonatal outcomes between single good-quality blastocyst and single average-quality blastocyst transfer.Conclusions: SBT is a preferable option for patients regardless of age when good-quality blastocysts are available. For patients who only had average-quality blastocysts, they should be informed that DBT was associated with higher multiple pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes when compared with SBT regardless of age, suggesting that the practice of SBT is also feasible for these patients.

scholarly journals Maternal and Perinatal Outcome of Multiple Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Most Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
Md Jalal Uddin ◽  
Shireen Akter Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery ◽  
Tertiary Teaching Hospital

Background: Multiple pregnancies are prone to be associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. The incidence of multiple pregnancies has shown a significant increase over the last decades. This study aimed to determine the maternal and perinatal outcome in a tertiary teaching hospital. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in Chattogram-Maa-O-Shishu-Hospital Medical College, from July 2014 to June 2016. A total of 173 multiple pregnant women having 28 weeks completed gestation admitted for delivery were consecutively included in the study. Maternal and perinatal outcome were investigated. Results: The results show that the number of multiple pregnancies delivered during study periods was 173 with the incidence of 1.7% among total deliveries. There were 5 triplets pregnancies among these cases. The women with multiple pregnany were relatively older. There were no maternal mortality. Pregnancy complications were remarkabely higher. The main maternal adverse outcome were preterm delivery (84.97%), anaemia (39.88%), pregnancy induced hypertension (28.97%), premature rupture rupture of membrane (28.32%), postpartum haemorrhage (16.76%), antepartum haemorrhage (11.9%). The mean gestational age at delivery was 35.39 weeks for twins and 33.3 weeks for triplets. The commonest mode of delivery was by ceasarean section. The most common neonatal complications was low birth weight and most common cause of neonatal death was prematurity and neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: Majority of the multiple pregnancy is high risk one. So, all multiple pregnancies need early diagnosis, adequate antenatal, intra-natal and postpartum care to improve the outcome and should have mandatory hospital delivery. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (2); July 2019; Page 54-58

Comparative analysis of the pregnancy, labour and condition of newborn twins with monochorionic type of placentation

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
A.V. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Abdominal Delivery

The objective: to analyze the peculiarities of pregnancy, labour and condition of newborn twins with monochorionic type of placentation. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of pregnancy, labour and perinatal consequences in 110 cases in monochorionic twins pregnancies (MT) was conducted. The I group consisted of 92 patients who did have obstetric complications specific for multiple pregnancy during pregnancy; in group II 18 pregnant women with specific complications during multiple pregnancy were included. Additionaly, ultrasound fetometry, placentalography, doplerometry, cardiotocography were used. Results. Pregnancy with monochorionic twins is a risk factor for the development of pregnancy complications, and specific complications due to this type of placentation are extremely unfavorable in relation to perinatal outcomes. Even with pathogenetic treatment, there is a high risk of pregnancy loss, premature birth, and the development of pathology in newborns. Analysis of perinatal outcomes showed that in the absence of specific complications of MC type of placentation in 49.0% cases normotrophic children were born, according exceeds the percentage of patients whose children were born with hypotrophy varying severity - 51.0% respectively. In both subgroups pregnancies were characterized by high risk of abortion (61.4% and 67.1% respectively), preeclampsia various severity in 33.3% and 44.6%, gestational anemia in 43.4%, and 39.8%, premature birth, which occurred in 66.7% and 46.8% respectively. This explains the high incidence of operative delivery 44.4% and 52.1% respectively, while the incidence of planned abdominal delivery in subgroup 1b was 3.3 times higher than in subgroup 1a. Perinatal loss in patients with MC twins in subgroups were 4.4% and 5.3% respectively. Conclusion. Pregnancy and delivery of monochorionic twins with specific complications has a higher risk for fetus and newborn, which lead to higher rates of perinatal mortality and morbidity in this group of infants. So searching for effective methods of prevention and treatment of these complications is required. The results should be considered during making algorithm of diagnostic and preventive measures in multiple pregnancies. Key words: monochorionic twins, labour, perinatal consequences.

scholarly journals Prospective study of perinatal outcome in pregnancies with primary antiphospholipid syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 742-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Cetkovic ◽  
Biljana Kastratovic ◽  
Ivana Novakovic
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Neonatal Complications ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery

Background/Aim. Pregnancies complicated with antiphospholipd syndrome are associated with the increased perinatal mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess perinatal outcome in pregnancies with primary antiphospholipd syndrome. Methods. This prospective study evaluated perinatal outcome in 25 pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome. After establishing vital pregnancy all the patients were treated with low-molecularweight heparin and aspirin. The perinatal outcome was measured by rates of miscarriages, preterm deliveries, live births and neonatal complications. Results. Of the 25 pregnancies, 20 (80%) resulted in live birth, 3 (12%) in spontaneous abortion and 2 (8%) were stillbirths. The mean gestational age at delivery was 37.2 ? 1.0 weeks, mean neonatal birth weight was 2,930.4 ? 428.0 g. Prematurity occurs in 4 (20%) live births, and there were 4 (20%) intrauterine growth restriction with mean birth weight 2,060 ? 210.6 g. Neonatal complications were present in 6 (30%) newborns. Adverse perinatal outcome was significantly associated with anticardiolipin IgG antibodies (p < 0.01) and development of hypertension during pregnancy (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Despite a high incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with primary antiphospholipid syndrome, early treatment with aspirin and low-molecular-weight heparin, combined with meticulous fetomaternal monitoring could be associated with a relatively high probability of favorable perinatal outcome.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document