scholarly journals A study of histological changes of human placenta in rural population of eastern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
Mrinal Kanti Karmakar ◽  
Sambit Kar ◽  
S. M. Kumar ◽  
Subir Kumar Chattopadhyay ◽  
L. K. Vaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Endothelial Proliferation ◽  
Umbilical Cord Insertion ◽  
Normal Placenta

Background: Placenta is essential for maintenance of pregnancy and for promoting normal growth and development of fetus. It forms the morphological record of anatomical condition, intrauterine events and intrapartum events of gestation. Present study has been undertaken to record the data on the morphology and histology of placenta from mothers with hypertension and diabetes.Methods: This study showed several significant morphological and histological differences in the placenta of the mother with GDM and hypertensive placenta. The histological study of the placenta was done under microscope and number of syncytial knots, cytotrophoblastic cellular proliferation, fibrinoid necrosis, endothelial proliferation, calcified and hyalinised villous spots were noted per low power field in the diabetics and hypertensive group in comparison to control group.Results: All other parameters including area, thickness, diameter, and circumference of GDM placenta show a significant increase when compared with normal placenta. The gross anatomic features of placentae e.g infarcted areas, calcified areas and marginal insertion of the umbilical cord in the study group show significant increase in value (p>0.01) in diabetic and hypertensive groups when compared to that of the control or normal group.Conclusions: In present study we found that hypertensive placentae tend to be slightly smaller in size, weight, volume, area, thickness, diameter, circumference and feto-placental ratio than normal placentae but the parameters were found to be significantly greater than that of normal placentae in case of diabetic placentae. No significant differences were found in umbilical cord insertion. In normal pregnancy cases we found several histological findings which were increased in hypertensive and diabetic cases.

Cytological and Histological Study of Adult and Neonate Epidermis in Thick and Thin Skin of Various Anatomical Sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hydar Muhsin Khalfa ◽  
Adnan Albideri ◽  
Haider Salih Jaffat
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Skin Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Thin Skin

The integumentary system covers the surface of the embryo (skin) and its specialized skin structures including hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands and teeth. During fetal skin development, the epidermis changes from a single layer of ectodermal cells at 7–8 days of gestation into a more apparent stratified, keratinized epithelium at 22–24 weeks. The aim of the study is to identify the histological and cytological changes that take place during neonatal and adult epidermis development. Human neonatal and adult samples were obtained from fully informed, consenting parent or releatives from Al-hilla mortary / Iraq. Neonatal samples were obtained from neonates after sudden deaths from maternity wards. Anatomical Sites included abdomen, forehead, back, shoulder and feet sole. A totoal of 15 neonates and 10 mature adults were used for this study. Fresh tissues were sectioned using a freezing cryostat. Tissues were sectioned at 5µm in -24°C and collected on microscopic slides. Slides were allowed to air dry for 30 min prior to hematoxyline and eosin staining. Tissues were also photographed using scanning electron microscopy SEM. Cytological measurements were taken using image j software and data was analysed using graph prism. Various cytological and histological changes takes place during neonatal and adult and epidermis development. Our study shows the stages of fair follicule formation as well as number of nucleated layers present at each stage of development and at different anatomical sites. Major histological changes takes places during the transition frm a neonate to a mature adult including the number of basal cells and epidermal thickness depending on the anatomical site.

scholarly journals Use of Acellular Umbilical Cord-Derived Tissues in Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Arianna A. Tovar ◽  
Ian A. White ◽  
Alfonso L. Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Autologous Serum ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ocular Surface Diseases ◽  
Natural Healing

Blood derived products have become a valuable source of tissue for the treatment of ocular surface diseases that are refractory to conventional treatments. These can be obtained from autologous or allogeneic sources (patient’s own blood or from healthy adult donors/umbilical cord blood, respectively). Allogeneic cord blood demonstrates practical advantages over alternatives and these advantages will be discussed herein. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) can be divided, generally speaking, into two distinct products: first, mononuclear cells, which can be used in regenerative ophthalmology, and second, the plasma/serum (an acellular fraction), which may be used in the form of eyedrops administered directly to the damaged ocular surface. The rationale for using umbilical cord serum (UCS) to treat ocular surface diseases such as severe dry eye syndrome (DES), persistent epithelial defects (PED), recurrent epithelial erosions, ocular chemical burns, graft versus host disease (GVHD), among others, is the considerably high concentration of growth factors and cytokines, mimicking the natural healing properties of human tears. Allogeneic serum also offers the opportunity for therapeutic treatment to patients who, due to poor heath, cannot provide autologous serum. The mechanism of action involves the stimulation of endogenous cellular proliferation, differentiation and maturation, which is highly efficient in promoting and enhancing corneal epithelial healing where other therapies have previously failed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the risk of umbilical cord prolapse in the second twin during vaginal delivery: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e046616
Author(s):  
Rokuhiro Asahina ◽  
Hiroyuki Tsuda ◽  
Yuki Nishiko ◽  
Kazuya Fuma ◽  
Momoko Kuribayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Cord Prolapse ◽  
Umbilical Cord Insertion ◽  
Umbilical Cord Prolapse ◽  
Second Twin

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the success rate of vaginal delivery, the reasons for unplanned caesarean delivery, the rate of umbilical cord prolapse and the risk of umbilical cord prolapse in twin deliveries.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle institution.ParticipantsThis study included 455 women pregnant with twins (307 dichorionic and 148 monochorionic) who attempted vaginal delivery from January 2009 to August 2018. The following criteria were considered for vaginal delivery: diamniotic twins, cephalic presentation of the first twin, no history of uterine scar, no other indications for caesarean delivery, no major structural abnormality in either twin and no fetal aneuploidy.ResultsThe rate of vaginal delivery of both twins was 89.5% (407 of 455), caesarean delivery of both twins was 7.7% (35 of 455) and caesarean delivery of only the second twin was 2.9% (13 of 455). The major reasons for unplanned caesarean delivery were arrest of labour and non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern. The rate of umbilical cord prolapse in the second twin was 1.8% (8 of 455). Multivariate analysis revealed that abnormal umbilical cord insertion in the second twin (velamentous or marginal) was the only significant factor for umbilical cord prolapse in the second twin (OR, 5.05, 95% CI 1.139 to 22.472, p=0.033).ConclusionsAbnormal umbilical cord insertion in the second twin (velamentous or marginal) was a significant factor for umbilical cord prolapse during delivery. Antenatal assessment of the second twin’s umbilical cord insertion using ultrasonography would be beneficial.

Relation of site of umbilical cord insertion and birth weight

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bruyniks ◽  
T. Y. Khong ◽  
R Leong
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Insertion

Three-Dimensional Sonographic Evaluation of the Position of the Fetal Conus Medullaris at First Trimester

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ruben Ramirez Zegarra ◽  
Nicola Volpe ◽  
Evelina Bertelli ◽  
Greta Michela Amorelli ◽  
Luigi Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Umbilical Cord Insertion

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this study was to assess the position of the conus medullaris (CM) at the first trimester 3D ultrasound in a cohort of structurally normal fetuses. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a multicenter prospective study involving a consecutive series of structurally normal fetuses between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation (CRL between 45 and 84 mm). All fetuses were submitted to 3D transvaginal ultrasound using a sagittal view of the spine as the starting plane of acquisition. At offline analysis, the position of the CM was evaluated by 2 independent operators with a quantitative and a qualitative method: (1) the distance between the most caudal part of the CM and the distal end of the coccyx (CMCd) was measured; (2) a line perpendicular to the fetal spine joining the tip of the CM to the anterior abdominal wall was traced to determine the level of this line in relation to the umbilical cord insertion (conus to abdomen line, CAL). Interobserver agreement for the CCMd was evaluated. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between the CMCd and CRL, and a normal range was computed based on the best-fit model. The absence of congenital anomalies was confirmed in all cases after birth. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the study period between December 2019 and March 2020, 143 fetuses were recruited. In 130 fetuses (90.9%), the visualization of the CM was feasible. The mean value of the CMCd was 1.09 ± 0.16 cm. The 95% limits of agreement for the interobserver variability in measurement of the CMCd were 0.24 and 0.26 cm. The interobserver variability based on the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the CCMd was good (ICC = 0.81). We found a positive linear relationship between the CCMd and CRL. In all these fetuses, the CAL encountered the abdominal wall at or above the level of the cord insertion. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In normal fetuses, the assessment of the CM position is feasible at the first trimester 3D ultrasound with a good interobserver agreement. The CM level was never found below the fetal umbilical cord insertion, while the CMCd was noted to increase according to the gestational age, confirming the “ascension” of the CM during fetal life.

scholarly journals Marginal umbilical cord insertions in a bipartite placenta responsible for placenta abruption: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-310
Author(s):  
Elie Nkwabong ◽  
Sylvie Borassi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Past History ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
African Woman ◽  
Emergency Cesarean

Hemorrhage is one of the major causes of maternal death. Main causes of APH are placenta previa, placenta abruption and uterine rupture. Rare causes of placenta abruption include marginal and velamentous umbilical cord insertions. We hereby present a case of placenta abruption due to marginal umbilical cord insertions occurring on a bipartite placenta. A 40-year-old nulliparous African woman, 35 weeks pregnant consulted for dark red pervaginal bleeding, which occurred recently. Past history was unremarkable. Her pregnancy was well followed up. A recent ultrasound scan revealed a fundal inserted placenta. Physical examination revealed a fundal height of 37 cm, no uterine activity, normal fetal heart tones and a blood-stained vulva. Our diagnosis was a mild placenta abruption. An obstetrical ultrasound carried out revealed a normal pregnancy and a retroplacental blood clot of 11mm. A safe baby was born through an emergency cesarean section which revealed a normally inserted bipartite placenta with a 10% placenta detachment located on one placenta half and two cords inserted marginally. The postoperative period was uneventful and she was discharged five days after cesarean section. This case report shows that marginal cord insertion, which can lead to placenta abruption, can be also observed on a bipartite placenta.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE BONE MARROW IN FASTED AND POLYNEURITIC PIGEONS

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Moore ◽  
O. W. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Endothelial Proliferation ◽  
Rice Disease ◽  
Vascular Channels ◽  
Vitamin B Deficiency

1. The histological changes of the bone marrow in fasted and rice disease pigeons are essentially the same. 2. The histological changes of the bone marrow in pure vitamin B deficiency consist of degeneration and edema and slight endothelial proliferation of the small vascular channels, but with active hematopoiesis. 3. The anemia of rice disease in pigeons is in large part a starvation anemia and not directly related to vitamin B deficiency.

scholarly journals Incidence of furcate umbilical cord

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Khan Mohd Anas ◽  
Sinha D N. ◽  
Singh AK ◽  
Deopa Deepa ◽  
Niranjan Richa
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chorionic Plate ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
Early Placenta ◽  
Umbilical Cord Insertion

Abstract Background : Placenta along with its umbilical cord is a vital organ for maintaining pregnancy and promoting normal foetal development. Foetal outcome can be adversely influenced by pathological changes in placenta and also by the variation in the site of attachment of umbilical cord. Aims and Objectives : To study the incidence of furcate umbilical cord insertion over placental chorionic plate in normal full term pregnancy. Materials and methods : This study was conducted in the department of Anatomy Government Medical College Haldwani. 100 freshly delivered placentae were collected from Dr. Sushila Tiwari Government hospital Haldwani. The sample was further categorized according to the parity of mother into two groups primipara (n=39) and multipara (n=61). Placentae included in the study were obtained from full term pregnancy without any complication like diabetes, hypertension etc. Results : The incidence of furcate umbilical cord in the present study was 2.6% in primipara group and 3.3% in multipara group. Conclusion : Variation in the site of insertion of umbilical cord are thought to result from process known as "Trophotropism" in which the chorionic frondosum or the early placenta migrates with advancing gestation to ensure better blood supply from more richly vascularised area. The overall incidence of furcate cord in this study is 3%. We have noticed one furcate cord (2.6%) in primipara group (n=39) and two furcate cords (3.3%) in multipara group (n=61). The neonates delivered were perfectly healthy without any evidence of congenital anomalies.

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