Contraceptive practices and awareness about emergency contraception among women attending a tertiary care hospital of Delhi, India

Background: Emergency contraceptive pills (ECs) are a safe female-controlled method of post-coital contraception; however, the knowledge about them is low among general population.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among the adult females, aged 18 years and above, who visited the various out-patient departments (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in July 2017. A total of 640 adult females, who visited the OPDs of medicine, surgery, orthopedics and gynecology were included in this study. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS ver 16. Chi-square test was used to test association. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant association.Results: Of the 640 participants, mostly were Hindu, aged between 20-29 years, married and had more than one child. Only, 52% females were aware of the term ‘contraception’ and 17.7% about ‘emergency contraception’. The only method of ECs they were aware of was i-pill. Commonest source of their knowledge was friends, relatives and spouse. Only 70 women knew that it can be used after unprotected intercourse and 25 knew that it can be used after failure of barrier method. Just 41.2% women used any kind of contraceptive and 5.3% women have ever used an EC. Around 28% women reported not using contraception due to lack of knowledge.Conclusions: Despite of their availability since many years, awareness about emergency contraception is low. More efforts are required to generate awareness about regular use of effective contraception and emergency contraception if required.

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Frequency of infantile colic in neonates presenting At Tertiary Care Hospital.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.11.4588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 2357-2362

Author(s):

Anwar Muhammad ◽

Muhammad Asghar Ali ◽

Ali Hammad

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Infantile Colic ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alternative Measures ◽

Hospital Study

Objectives: To determine the frequency of infantile colic in neonates presenting at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur. Period: From January 2018 to August 2018. Material & Methods: Total 467 neonates either male or female were selected for this study. Total 467 neonates with complaints of crying and fussing either male or female were selected for this study and infantile colic was assessed in selected neonates by using Wessel criteria. Results: Total 467 neonates were selected for this study. Mean age of the neonates was 24.94 ± 2.39 months, mean gestational age and mean weight was 39.42 ± 1.22 weeks and 3.27 ± 0.62g respectively. Infantile colic was found in 322 (69%) neonates. Infantile colic was found in 61 (33.33%) neonates, 136 (94.44%) neonates, 75 (87.21%) neonates and 50 (92.59%) neonates respectively. Statistically significant association between infantile colic and type of feeding with p value 0.000. Infantile colic was found in 147 (84.97%), 95 (67.86), 62 (49.21%) and 18 (64.29%) neonates respectively in 37 weeks, 38 weeks, 39 weeks and 40 weeks gestational age group. Statistically insignificant association between infantile colic and gestational age was noted with p value 0.000. Conclusion: Results of present study showed higher rate of colic in infants. Development of colic was highly associated with gestational age, birth weight and type of feeding. There is no effective medical treatment (like anti-colic and herbal drugs) but alternative measures may relieve or prevent further colic attacks.

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Composite index of anthropometric failure among under 5 children attending the Immunoprophylaxis clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20181508 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 888

Author(s):

Abhijit Kherde ◽

Chaitanya R. Patil ◽

Jyotsna Deshmukh ◽

Prithvi B. Petkar

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Composite Index ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Under nutrition is a global public health problem. There are numerous methods of assessment of malnutrition among which CIAF is the most recent, relatively robust since it envisages all the parameters for estimation of nutritional status of the children. So, this study was conducted to find the rates of composite index of anthropometric failure in the children attending the Immunoprophylaxis clinic in a tertiary care hospital of Nagpur and to find associations with the socio demographic variables.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Immunoprophylaxis clinic of a tertiary care institute in Nagpur from September 2016 to January 2017. The study subjects were the children attending the OPD of Immunoprophylaxis clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Necessary permissions were taken before the start of the study. Data was collected using pretested and pre-designed questionnaire. Height and weight were measured using standard guidelines and categorized into groups of CIAF as described by Nandy et al.Results: A total of 460 study subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean age group of the study subjects was 2.47±1.56 years. According to the grades of CIAF, 48.51% were having no failure. Age and gender were factors which were associated with failure status by CIAF.Conclusions: We found high rates of anthropometric failure in our study. The age groups less than 3 years had higher odds of being in failure when compared to more than 3 years age. Further, males had higher odds of being into failure when compared to females. Community based studies are recommended.

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Mucocutaneous manifestations of Chikungunya fever, an experience of tertiary care hospital

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.693 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Sana Kaleem ◽

Rabia Ghafoor ◽

Sidra Khan ◽

Admin

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Inform Consent ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Chikungunya Fever ◽

Oral Ulcers

Abstract Objectives: 1. To determine the different frequencies of mucocutaneous manifestations of Chikungunya Fever in a Tertiary care hospital. To determine the associations of positive Chikungunya Fever serology with its mucocuatneous manifestations. Methodology: It was observational cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Dermatology of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre from 15th May 2018 to 15th January 2019. After getting approval from Institutional Review Board, 67 patients were recruited in study by purposive sampling who presented with early and late manifestations of Chikungunya Fever (CF). Different cutaneous manifestations were confirmed by consultant Dermatologist. Photographs were taken after the inform consent of patients. Data was analysed by SPSS 23 and P value was taken significant with < 0.05. Result: The mean age of patients was 30.24±7.89 years. Females and males were 45 (68%) and 20 (31%) respectively. Hyperpigmentation were noted as most frequent finding in 31 (46%), maculopapular rashes ,oral ulcers in 17 (25%), and diffuse hair fall in 14(20%) .Findings like lichenoid eruption in 11 (16%), chick sign in 5 (8%), and erythema of Pinna in 4 (6%) were also recorded. While hair falls, exacerbation of pre-existing dermatoses like psoriasis and acne form eruption were also seen rarely. There was no significant association was found between clinically suspected cases and serology positive patients of CF. Conclusion: CF presented with important and unusual mucocutaneous findings which are important to diagnose as they help in differentiating it from other viral diseases. We observed that some finding remain long standing and presented months

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A study of serum C peptide levels in newly detected diabetic patients in tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20211475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 679

Author(s):

Balakrishna Teli ◽

Prabhu S. ◽

Sneha Biradar

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

C Peptide ◽

Medical College ◽

Endogenous Insulin

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. The deficiency of C-peptide in type 1 DM or its excess in type 2 DM leads to the development of disorders which includes the cardiovascular, nervous, excretory and other systems. The present study is done to assess the serum C-peptide levels in newly detected diabetic patients and its significance in classification of diabetes and deciding about management.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted within the hospitals attached to Bangalore medical college and research institute. 65 newly detected diabetes patients who gave consent for study and satisfy the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaire, clinical examination and relevant investigations. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: C-peptide levels showed that 34 (52.3%) subjects had C-peptide levels >2 followed by 10 (15.4%) subjects having 0.1 to 0.6, 9 (13.8%) subjects having 1 to 2, 6 (9.2%) subjects each having 0.6 to 1 and <0.1.Conclusions: Serum C-peptide levels are useful as an index of endogenous insulin production. Low C-peptide levels need insulin treatment due to poor insulin reserve. Majority of the subjects, who had low serum C-peptide levels also had low BMI suggesting a positive correlation between C-peptide levels and BMI.

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Contraceptive practices and awareness: a survey among nursing staff at a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20195314 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 4751

Author(s):

Snigdha Kumari ◽

Mansi Dhingra ◽

Syed Nawaz Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Nursing Staff ◽

Emergency Contraception ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Staff Nurses ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Barrier Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Set Up

Background: India is the second most populous country in the world next to China. Increasing the contraceptive awareness and practice and proper implementation of family planning services are the major tool for improving the health of the population along with stabilizing it. Knowledge and contraceptive practice in the Nursing personnel can positively or negatively influence the population coming in contact with them. Objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of contraceptive methods among the nursing staff at a tertiary care set up.Methods: Tertiary care set up, cross sectional study. This was a cross sectional study conducted over a period of three months. Fifty staff nurses under the age of 49 years were interviewed through a pre-designed questionnaire regarding knowledge and use of contraceptive methods.Results: Contraception was practiced in 88 percent of the staff nurses. Barrier method of contraception was the most commonly used form of contraception. Permanent method of contraception was opted in 14 percent of cases. Fifty-seven percent of the females were aware of emergency contraception. Twenty-eight percent of females had used emergency contraception in the past.Conclusions: A high percentage of nursing staff was practicing some form of contraception; however, the use of permanent methods and hormonal methods remains low. Only half of study population was aware of post coital methods of contraception with only 28 percent having used it in the past.

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RIBAVIRIN INDUCED ANEMIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C, VISITING OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A MAJOR PUBLIC SECTOR TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KARACHI, PAKISTAN.

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v8i3.190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 170-173

Author(s):

Zulfiqar Ali Shaikh ◽

Javeria Shamim ◽

Kelash Nankani

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Hepatitis C is among one of the major global health issues; which may cause chronic liver disease, end stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma; subsequently requiring liver transplant. For HCV, standard treatment is a combination therapy of ribavirin and interferon for six months. Ribavirin fostered hemolysis is a major treatment-associated adverse effect. Our study aimed to assess ribavirin induced anemia among Hepatitis C patients visiting Civil Hospital, Karachi. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study which included 106 Hepatitis C patients, of 15-60 years' age, visiting CHK, a public sector tertiary care hospital, from October 2017 to January 2018 by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Results: Total 106 patients participated, 53 (50.0%) were males and 53 (50.0%) were females. Mean (±SD) age was 37.05 (±10.793). Mean (±SD) duration of ribavirin use was 3.03 (±1.523) months. Around 16.0% had ribavirin dose reduction. All of them experienced weakness, fatigue and light-headedness, 59.4% developed microcytic hypochromic anemia, 23.6% had severe anemia. Mean (±SD) hemoglobin level before the onset of treatment was 12.78 (±1.555). Mean hemoglobin level during treatment was 10.72g/dL. Mean reduction in hemoglobin levels was 2.07g/dL. The reduction in hemoglobin levels and the duration of therapy were correlated (p-value <0.05). The severity of anemia was related to age of the patients (p-value <0.05) but not with gender and RBC morphology. Conclusion: Ribavirin induces anemia. The duration of ribavirin therapy and initial hemoglobin levels were related to the severity of anemia, significant enough to cause dose modification and subsequently suboptimal levels affecting efficacy. In return hemoglobin reduction, dose modification and age of the patient were also related.

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Frequency of Organisms Causing Onychomycosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

10.53350/pjmhs211582228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 2228-2231

Author(s):

Khawaja Muhammad Salik ◽

Najia Ahmed ◽

Anas Ahmed Qazi ◽

Mansoor Panhwar ◽

Yousra Abdul Khaliq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Nail Plate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Distal Portion ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results

Objective: To determine the frequency of organisms causing onychomycosis in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Setting and Duration: The Department of Dermatology, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi for duration of six months from 1st September 2019 to 28th February 2020 Material and Methods: Total 395 patients were included. Affected nail was cleaned with 70% alcohol and nail clipping was done. Scrapings were collected from distal portion of nail plate, the nail bed and undersurface of the nail. In case of multiple nail involvement, the nail that was most severely affected was selected. The culture plates were put to incubation and observed for 4 weeks period for the presence of growth. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Stratification was done. Poststratification chi-square test was applied. P-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: There were 63.8% male and 36.2% female patients. Color change of nail was observed in 94.9% cases, subungual hyperkeratosis in 28.6% cases, distal onycholysis in 24.6% cases, total nail plate dystrophy in 22% cases, partial nail plate dystrophy in 11.6% cases, and transverse ridges in 21.8% cases. Total 82.8% cases were classified as dermatophyte, 5.3% as yeast and 11.9% as non-dermatophytic mould. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study results showed that most prevalent mycological type of isolate was dermatophyte, followed by non-dermatophytic mould, and yeast. Keywords: Frequency, Organisms, Onychomycosis

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Spectrum of Mandibular Fractures in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi

The International Journal of Frontier Sciences ◽

10.37978/tijfs.v4i2.83 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sana Iqbal ◽

Ayesha Aslam ◽

Sufyan Ahmed ◽

Nabeel Khan ◽

Mehwash Kashif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Of Fracture

Objective: To evaluate the frequency, pattern, and etiology of mandibular fractures at a tertiary care hospital, in Karachi Study Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan Methodology: The study was initiated in Outpatient Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi. The duration of the study was 5 years and six months. Data of mandibular trauma was evaluated. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study the patients were recruited through convenience sampling and the inclusion criteria was patients from both genders suffered from mandibular trauma of mandibular region. Patients who suffered from the trauma of face other than mandible were excluded. The sample size of the study was 464. A questionnaire was designed to enquire into the demographic details like age, sex, etiology, and site of fracture. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 17.0. Results: The majority of patients were males i.e. 384 (82.8%) while 80 (17.2%) were females. The most common type of fracture was combination fractures followed by parasymphysis i.e. 142 (30.6%) and 79 (17%) respectively. Road traffic accident was the major cause of trauma i.e. 332 (71.6%) followed by fall 96 (20.7%). Cross tabulation was done between different variables. Association of gender with etiology and type of fracture revealed non-significant p-value while the association of age with etiology revealed significant p-value. The highest number of mandibular fracture cases due to RTA were reported in the year 2019. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the frequency of mandibular trauma is quite high with male dominance. The most susceptible site of trauma is the combination and parasymphseal region and the most common etiology were road traffic accidents.

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