scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: a NCCT based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Haseeb Abdul Wani ◽  
Imza Feroz ◽  
Saleem Mohammad Dar ◽  
Arshed Hussain Parry ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Gojwari
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Radiological determination of gender relies predominantly on the skeletal radiology and assumes importance in mass natural disasters, bomb explosions, exhumations and warfare where skeletal fragmentation is common. Varied literature is present regarding the role of foramen magnum in establishing gender identification.<strong> </strong>The objective of the study was<strong> </strong>to establish normative values of cross-sectional area of foramen magnum in both genders using NCCT and try to ascertain any significant difference in cross-sectional area in the two genders which may help in gender identification.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> NCCT head images of 378 subjects were analysed in individuals beyond the age of skeletal immaturity. Free ROI technique using electronic calliper tool was used. The cross-sectional area of foramen magnum was automatically obtained after tracing its whole inner circumference.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean cross-sectional area of foramen magnum in females was 806.79±106.58 mm<sup>2 </sup>and was 878.33±98.42 mm<sup>2</sup> in males. Although the cross-sectional area in males was greater than females no statistically significant difference was found. The correlation coefficient was found to be weaker (R=0.0413).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No statistically significant difference was found between the two genders. The correlation coefficient was also weak to draw any inference about the gender of the skull on CT imaging. Further studies are needed to include other parameters like the sagittal and transverse diameters of foramen magnum in a larger sample to show importance of foramen magnum, if any, in helping gender identification of skeletal remains.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

Determination of the cross-sectional area of the indenter in nano-indentation tests

2007 ◽  
Vol 391 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy McMinis ◽  
Rene Crombez ◽  
Eva Montalvo ◽  
Weidian Shen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Nerve ultrasound in the assessment of cross-sectional area in healthy children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
M. A. Bedova ◽  
A. V. Klimkin ◽  
V. B. Voitenkov ◽  
N. V. Skripchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nerve Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Crosssectional Area

Introduction. Nerve ultrasound continues to progress due to improved technical equipment and knowledge, but so far not enough research has been done to determine the normative values of the cross-sectional area in children, and the obtained results differ between laboratories and researchers.Aim of the study. To determine the normative values of peripheral nerves» cross-sectional area in children 5–18 years old.Materials and methods. High resolution nerve ultrasound of brachial plexus, median, ulnar, radial, femoral, sciatic, tibial and peroneal nerves was performed in 30 children in real time. Nerve trunks were visualized throughout the limb from both sides. The cross-sectional area of the nerves was measured by a manual tracing method with the rounding of the hypoechogenic contours of the nerve trunk. Nerves’ crosssectional area was measured at distal and proximal sites. The obtained data were statistically processed using Excel and Statistica 10.Results. No bilateral cross-sectional area’s differences were found in children. Boys had significantly thicker nerves compared to girls, older age group (13–17 years old) compared to younger ones. There was a significant correlation between cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the level of the wrist, sciatic nerve and children’ height and weight.Conclusions. The normal values of cross-sectional area in children can be used in the practical work of a neurologists, neurophysiologists and ultrasound technicians.

scholarly journals Does Cosmetic Rhinoplasty Affect Nose Function?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Behzad Pousti ◽  
Sam Touisserkani ◽  
Maryam Jalessi ◽  
Seyed Kamran Kamrava ◽  
Nader Sadigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Double Osteotomy ◽  
Cosmetic Rhinoplasty ◽  
The Cross

Objective. To evaluate the changes in nasal dimensions of healthy Iranian volunteered for cosmetic rhinoplasty after surgery using acoustic rhinometry. Methods. Pre- and postoperative nasal dimension of 36 cases undergoing cosmetic rhinoplasty were compared using acoustic rhinometry (AR), and the measured variables were distance to first and second constriction (d1, d2), first and second minimal cross-sectional area (MCA1, 2), and volume. Results. Mean age (SD) of cases were 24.63 (4.4) years. Septoplasty was performed in 12 cases (33.3%). After surgery, bilateral d1 and both MCA2 decreased significantly, while significant increase was observed in MCA1 postoperatively using decongestant. Cases with septoplasty experienced more increase in MCA1 and less constriction in MCA2 postoperatively. In cases with rhinoplasty alone, they received benefit from double osteotomy in MCA1. In either group of rhinoplasty with and without septoplasty, placing a strut was beneficial for patients. Discussion. The cross-sectional area of the nose is a major factor in the determination of airflow. Cosmetic rhinoplasty may generate a mix effect on nose function. Performing osteotomy may better help patients to save nasal patency, septoplasty is beneficial even in mildly deviated septums, and placing a strut may be beneficial in most of the cases.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on cervical muscle strength and cross-sectional area in patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis and chronic cervical pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunghun Moon ◽  
Sung-Ki Lee ◽  
Won-Moon Kim ◽  
Yong-Gon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cobb’S Angle ◽  
Thoracic Hyperkyphosis ◽  
The Cross

AbstractThere is a lack of studies comparing the effects of different exercise types in patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Twenty-four subjects were divided into three groups: corrective exercise, resistance exercise, and physical therapy. The groups performed their respective interventions, two times per week for three months. Clinical outcomes, including the value of Cobb’s angle, cervical muscle strength and endurance, and the cross-sectional area of the cervical deep muscles were measured pre- and post-intervention. There was a significant difference in the changes in the thoracic Cobb’s angle between the groups (P < 0.001). The corrective exercise group revealed a significantly superior increase in muscle strength and endurance between pre- and post-intervention (P < 0.012). There was a significant difference in the cross-sectional area of the cervical deep muscles included longus capitis and multifidus between the groups (P < 0.036 and 0.007, respectively). The corrective exercise group showed the most significant increase in cross-sectional area between pre- and post-intervention (P < 0.012). A corrective exercise program is a more effective intervention than traditional resistance exercise and physical therapy for improving the thoracic Cobb’s angle, cervical muscle strength and endurance, and the cross-sectional area of the deep muscles in patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis.Trial registration: KCT0005292.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Exercise Types on the Cross-Sectional Area and Lumbar Lordosis Angle in Patients with Flat Back Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10923
Author(s):  
Won-Moon Kim ◽  
Yong-Gon Seo ◽  
Yun-Jin Park ◽  
Han-Su Cho ◽  
Chang-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flat Back

Flat back syndrome (FBS) is a sagittal imbalance wherein the normal spinal curvature is reduced. This study aimed to compare the effects of different exercise programs on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar muscles, lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), lumbar disability, and flexibility in patients with FBS. Thirty-six females with flexible FBS were randomly allocated to the corrective exercise group (CEG, n = 12), resistance exercise group (REG, n = 12), and physical therapy group (PTG, n = 12). CEG and REG patients participated in a 12-week exercise intervention for 60 min three times per week. The CSA, LLA, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and sit-and-reach test were measured before and after intervention. CSA showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.01), with CEG and REG demonstrating a significant increase (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). LLA showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001); CEG showed a higher increase than did REG (p < 0.01) and PTG (p < 0.001). ODI also showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001), being lower in CEG than in REG (p < 0.001) and PTG (p < 0.001). Lumbar flexibility significantly improved in all groups, albeit with a significant difference (p < 0.001). Although corrective and resistance exercise programs effectively improve these parameters, corrective exercise is superior to other interventions for patients with FBS.

scholarly journals Effect of shoulder positioning on ultrasonic visualisation of the subclavian vein in healthy adults: A prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 102490792110009
Author(s):  
Hei Jim Leung ◽  
Lok Yu Wong ◽  
Chi Shing Pak ◽  
Yang Li Chuan Marc
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subclavian Vein ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Ultrasound guidance is commonly used during central venous cannulation. Subclavian vein is a commonly chosen site, but previous studies found varying results in the ideal positioning of the shoulder for subclavian vein cannulation. The objective of this study is to determine which shoulder position results in the greatest cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein for cannulation. Methods: In this prospective observational study, ultrasound was performed on healthy adult volunteers to visualise the right subclavian vein in three different shoulder positions: neutral, abduction and retraction. A blinded independent investigator measured the cross-sectional areas by computer software using planimetry method. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Forty-four adults participated in the study. The mean cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein in shoulder neutral, abduction and retraction positions were 1.05 ± 0.33 cm2, 1.01 ± 0.31 cm2 and 0.82 ± 0.28 cm2, respectively. When compared to shoulder retraction, the cross-sectional areas were significantly increased in shoulder neutral ( P < 0.01) and abduction ( P < 0.01) positions. There was no significant difference between shoulder neutral and abduction position ( P = 0.71). Conclusion: Positioning the shoulder in neutral or abduction results in the greatest cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein and may be more ideal for ultrasound guided cannulation.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional area of the superficial digital flexor tendon of trained and untrained Thoroughbred racehorses

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guiomar Matos Santiago Reis ◽  
Raquel Yvonne Arantes Baccarin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Twenty Thoroughbred racehorses were ultrasonographically evaluated to determine the relation between normal values of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right and left forelimbs superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT) in the metacarpal region for trained and untrained Thoroughbreds racehorses. Ultrasonography revealed that CSA at 26cm distal to the accessory carpal bone is larger than other proximal levels, for either left or right forelimbs. In addition, the CSA at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14cm distal to the accessory carpal bone of the left forelimb are larger (P<0.05) for trained horses when compared with untrained horses. On the other hand, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between left and right forelimb for CSA of the SDFT, at any level, for either trained or untrained horses, and there was no significant difference between untrained or trained horses for the CSA of right forelimb. In conclusion, the CSA of the left forelimb SDFT for horses that had been in continuous race training remains larger when they were trained anticlockwise, contrary to horses that had not been training for more than one year.

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