scholarly journals Effects of exercise on cervical muscle strength and cross-sectional area in patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis and chronic cervical pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunghun Moon ◽  
Sung-Ki Lee ◽  
Won-Moon Kim ◽  
Yong-Gon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cobb’S Angle ◽  
Thoracic Hyperkyphosis ◽  
The Cross

AbstractThere is a lack of studies comparing the effects of different exercise types in patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Twenty-four subjects were divided into three groups: corrective exercise, resistance exercise, and physical therapy. The groups performed their respective interventions, two times per week for three months. Clinical outcomes, including the value of Cobb’s angle, cervical muscle strength and endurance, and the cross-sectional area of the cervical deep muscles were measured pre- and post-intervention. There was a significant difference in the changes in the thoracic Cobb’s angle between the groups (P < 0.001). The corrective exercise group revealed a significantly superior increase in muscle strength and endurance between pre- and post-intervention (P < 0.012). There was a significant difference in the cross-sectional area of the cervical deep muscles included longus capitis and multifidus between the groups (P < 0.036 and 0.007, respectively). The corrective exercise group showed the most significant increase in cross-sectional area between pre- and post-intervention (P < 0.012). A corrective exercise program is a more effective intervention than traditional resistance exercise and physical therapy for improving the thoracic Cobb’s angle, cervical muscle strength and endurance, and the cross-sectional area of the deep muscles in patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis.Trial registration: KCT0005292.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Exercise Types on the Cross-Sectional Area and Lumbar Lordosis Angle in Patients with Flat Back Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10923
Author(s):  
Won-Moon Kim ◽  
Yong-Gon Seo ◽  
Yun-Jin Park ◽  
Han-Su Cho ◽  
Chang-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flat Back

Flat back syndrome (FBS) is a sagittal imbalance wherein the normal spinal curvature is reduced. This study aimed to compare the effects of different exercise programs on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar muscles, lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), lumbar disability, and flexibility in patients with FBS. Thirty-six females with flexible FBS were randomly allocated to the corrective exercise group (CEG, n = 12), resistance exercise group (REG, n = 12), and physical therapy group (PTG, n = 12). CEG and REG patients participated in a 12-week exercise intervention for 60 min three times per week. The CSA, LLA, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and sit-and-reach test were measured before and after intervention. CSA showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.01), with CEG and REG demonstrating a significant increase (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). LLA showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001); CEG showed a higher increase than did REG (p < 0.01) and PTG (p < 0.001). ODI also showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001), being lower in CEG than in REG (p < 0.001) and PTG (p < 0.001). Lumbar flexibility significantly improved in all groups, albeit with a significant difference (p < 0.001). Although corrective and resistance exercise programs effectively improve these parameters, corrective exercise is superior to other interventions for patients with FBS.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: a NCCT based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Haseeb Abdul Wani ◽  
Imza Feroz ◽  
Saleem Mohammad Dar ◽  
Arshed Hussain Parry ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Gojwari
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Radiological determination of gender relies predominantly on the skeletal radiology and assumes importance in mass natural disasters, bomb explosions, exhumations and warfare where skeletal fragmentation is common. Varied literature is present regarding the role of foramen magnum in establishing gender identification.<strong> </strong>The objective of the study was<strong> </strong>to establish normative values of cross-sectional area of foramen magnum in both genders using NCCT and try to ascertain any significant difference in cross-sectional area in the two genders which may help in gender identification.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> NCCT head images of 378 subjects were analysed in individuals beyond the age of skeletal immaturity. Free ROI technique using electronic calliper tool was used. The cross-sectional area of foramen magnum was automatically obtained after tracing its whole inner circumference.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean cross-sectional area of foramen magnum in females was 806.79±106.58 mm<sup>2 </sup>and was 878.33±98.42 mm<sup>2</sup> in males. Although the cross-sectional area in males was greater than females no statistically significant difference was found. The correlation coefficient was found to be weaker (R=0.0413).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No statistically significant difference was found between the two genders. The correlation coefficient was also weak to draw any inference about the gender of the skull on CT imaging. Further studies are needed to include other parameters like the sagittal and transverse diameters of foramen magnum in a larger sample to show importance of foramen magnum, if any, in helping gender identification of skeletal remains.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Effect of shoulder positioning on ultrasonic visualisation of the subclavian vein in healthy adults: A prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 102490792110009
Author(s):  
Hei Jim Leung ◽  
Lok Yu Wong ◽  
Chi Shing Pak ◽  
Yang Li Chuan Marc
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subclavian Vein ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Ultrasound guidance is commonly used during central venous cannulation. Subclavian vein is a commonly chosen site, but previous studies found varying results in the ideal positioning of the shoulder for subclavian vein cannulation. The objective of this study is to determine which shoulder position results in the greatest cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein for cannulation. Methods: In this prospective observational study, ultrasound was performed on healthy adult volunteers to visualise the right subclavian vein in three different shoulder positions: neutral, abduction and retraction. A blinded independent investigator measured the cross-sectional areas by computer software using planimetry method. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Forty-four adults participated in the study. The mean cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein in shoulder neutral, abduction and retraction positions were 1.05 ± 0.33 cm2, 1.01 ± 0.31 cm2 and 0.82 ± 0.28 cm2, respectively. When compared to shoulder retraction, the cross-sectional areas were significantly increased in shoulder neutral ( P < 0.01) and abduction ( P < 0.01) positions. There was no significant difference between shoulder neutral and abduction position ( P = 0.71). Conclusion: Positioning the shoulder in neutral or abduction results in the greatest cross-sectional area of the right subclavian vein and may be more ideal for ultrasound guided cannulation.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional area of the superficial digital flexor tendon of trained and untrained Thoroughbred racehorses

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guiomar Matos Santiago Reis ◽  
Raquel Yvonne Arantes Baccarin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Twenty Thoroughbred racehorses were ultrasonographically evaluated to determine the relation between normal values of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right and left forelimbs superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT) in the metacarpal region for trained and untrained Thoroughbreds racehorses. Ultrasonography revealed that CSA at 26cm distal to the accessory carpal bone is larger than other proximal levels, for either left or right forelimbs. In addition, the CSA at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14cm distal to the accessory carpal bone of the left forelimb are larger (P<0.05) for trained horses when compared with untrained horses. On the other hand, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between left and right forelimb for CSA of the SDFT, at any level, for either trained or untrained horses, and there was no significant difference between untrained or trained horses for the CSA of right forelimb. In conclusion, the CSA of the left forelimb SDFT for horses that had been in continuous race training remains larger when they were trained anticlockwise, contrary to horses that had not been training for more than one year.

scholarly journals Atrophy patterns in isolated subscapularis lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Seppel ◽  
Andreas Voss ◽  
Daniel J. H. Henderson ◽  
Simone Waldt ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subscapularis Muscle ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background While supraspinatus atrophy can be described according to the system of Zanetti or Thomazeau there is still a lack of characterization of isolated subscapularis muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of muscle atrophy following repair of isolated subscapularis (SSC) tendon. Methods Forty-nine control shoulder MRI scans, without rotator cuff pathology, atrophy or fatty infiltration, were prospectively evaluated and subscapularis diameters as well as cross sectional areas (complete and upper half) were assessed in a standardized oblique sagittal plane. Calculation of the ratio between the upper half of the cross sectional area (CSA) and the total CSA was performed. Eleven MRI scans of patients with subscapularis atrophy following isolated subscapularis tendon tears were analysed and cross sectional area ratio (upper half /total) determined. To guarantee reliable measurement of the CSA and its ratio, bony landmarks were also defined. All parameters were statistically compared for inter-rater reliability, reproducibility and capacity to quantify subscapularis atrophy. Results The mean age in the control group was 49.7 years (± 15.0). The mean cross sectional area (CSA) was 2367.0 mm2 (± 741.4) for the complete subscapularis muscle and 1048.2 mm2 (± 313.3) for the upper half, giving a mean ratio of 0.446 (± 0.046). In the subscapularis repair group the mean age was 56.7 years (± 9.3). With a mean cross sectional area of 1554.7 mm2 (± 419.9) for the complete and of 422.9 mm2 (± 173.6) for the upper half of the subscapularis muscle, giving a mean CSA ratio of 0.269 (± 0.065) which was seen to be significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Analysis of typical atrophy patterns of the subscapularis muscle demonstrates that the CSA ratio represents a reliable and reproducible assessment tool in quantifying subscapularis atrophy. We propose the classification of subscapularis atrophy as Stage I (mild atrophy) in case of reduction of the cross sectional area ratio < 0.4, Stage II (moderate atrophy) in case of < 0.35 and Stage III (severe atrophy) if < 0.3.

The area of eye muscle of beef cattle carcasses

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
RM Seebeck
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
The Cross

Variations in the cross-sectional area of eye muscle of carcasses cut between the tenth and eleventh ribs were investigated, using 105 Hereford and 51 Angus steers aged 20 months. These cattle consisted of three groups, born in successive years. At constant carcass weight, statistically significant differences in eye muscle area were found between breeds and between years. Breed and year differences were also found in eye muscle area with width and depth of eye muscle constant, so that there are limitations to the estimation of eye muscle area from width and depth measurements. A nomograph is given for estimating eye muscle area from width and depth for Hereford and Angus cattle, when all animals are reared in the same year and environment. The use of eye muscle area as an indicator of weight of carcass muscle is discussed.

Comparison of the Cross Sectional Area, the Loss in Volume and the Mechanical Properties of LAE442 and MgCa0.8 as Resorbable Magnesium Alloy Implants after 12 Months Implantation Duration

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Thomann ◽  
Nina von der Höh ◽  
Dirk Bormann ◽  
Dina Rittershaus ◽  
C. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Cross

Current research focuses on magnesium based alloys in the course of searching a resorbable osteosynthetic material which provides sufficient mechanical properties besides a good biocompatibility. Previous studies reported on a favorable biocompatibility of the alloys LAE442 and MgCa0.8. The present study compared the degradation process of cylindrical LAE442 and MgCa0.8 implants after 12 months implantation duration. Therefore, 10 extruded implants (2.5 x 25 mm, cross sectional area 4.9 mm²) of both alloys were implanted into the medullary cavity of both tibiae of rabbits for 12 months. After euthanization, the right bone-implant-compound was scanned in a µ-computed tomograph (µCT80, ScancoMedical) and nine uniformly distributed cross-sections of each implant were used to determine the residual implants´ cross sectional area (Software AxioVisionRelease 4.5, Zeiss). Left implants were taken out of the bone carefully. After weighing, a three-point bending test was carried out. LAE442 implants degraded obviously slower and more homogeneously than MgCa0.8. The mean residual cross sectional area of LAE442 implants was 4.7 ± 0.07 mm². MgCa0.8 showed an area of only 2.18 ± 1.03 mm². In contrast, the loss in volume of LAE442 pins was more obvious. They lost 64 % of their initial weight. The volume of MgCa0.8 reduced clearly to 54.4 % which corresponds to the cross sectional area results. Three point bending tests revealed that LAE442 showed a loss in strength of 71.2 % while MgCa0.8 lost 85.6 % of its initial strength. All results indicated that LAE442 implants degraded slowly, probably due to the formation of a very obvious degradation layer. Degradation of MgCa0.8 implants was far advanced.

A method of in-vitro measurement of the cross-sectional area of soft tissues, using ultrasonography

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Noguchi ◽  
Toshiya Kitaura ◽  
Kazuya Ikoma ◽  
Yoshiaki Kusaka
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

Intra- and inter-rater reliability for the measurement of the cross-sectional area of ankle tendons assessed by magnetic resonance imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110032
Author(s):  
Henrique Mansur ◽  
Guilherme Estanislau ◽  
Marcos de Noronha ◽  
Rita de Cassia Marqueti ◽  
Emerson Fachin-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Very High

Background The cross-sectional area (CSA) records make an essential measurement for determining the mechanical properties of tendons, such as stress and strength. However, there is no consensus regarding the best method to record the CSA from different tendons. Purpose To determine intra- and inter-rater reliability for CSA measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the following tendons: tibialis anterior; tibialis posterior; fibularis longus and brevis; and Achilles. Material and Methods We designed an observational study with repeated measures taken from a convenience sample of 20 participants diagnosed with acute or chronic ankle sprain. Two independent raters took three separate records from the CSA of ankle tendon images of each MRI slice. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) defined the quality (associations) and magnitude (differences), respectively, of intra- and inter-rater reliability on the measures plotted by the Bland–Altman method. Results Data showed very high intra- and inter-rater correlations for measures taken from all tendons analyzed (ICC 0.952–0.999). It also revealed an excellent agreement between raters (0.12%–2.3%), with bias no higher than 2 mm2 and LoA in the range of 4.4–7.9 mm2. The differences between repeated measures recorded from the thinnest tendons (fibularis longus and brevis) revealed the lowest bias and narrowest 95% LoA. Conclusion Reliability for the CSA of ankle tendons measured from MRI taken by independent rates was very high, with the smallest differences between raters observed when the thinnest tendon was analyzed.

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