scholarly journals Cranial ultrasound in detection of neurological lesions in preterm neonates in a tertiary center in North Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavya M. K. ◽  
Radhamani K. V. ◽  
Mahesh P.
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities

Background: Incomplete formation and maturation of the central nervous system makes it extremely vulnerable to injury, in the case of premature neonates. This can result in a broad range of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cranial ultrasound is a sensitive tool for the early detection of these. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of neurosonological abnormality in preterm infants. The aims of the study were to identify and enumerate the neurosonographic features, to assess the severity of brain injuries by grading the neurosonographic findings and to correlate the clinical presentations with the neurosonographic findings.Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Pariyaram Medical College. It consisted of all preterm neonates (less than 37 weeks of gestational age) referred to the Radiology department. The initial scan will be done as soon as possible (within 2 weeks of birth) followed by a repeat scan of the same infants at 36 weeks of corrected age, and at 8weeks post-partum.Results: A total of 100 neonates with gestational age varying from 29 to 37 weeks were studied, with the birth weight varying from 1.5 to 1.9 kg. The most common abnormality found on neurosonogram was germinal-matrix haemorrhage, followed by periventricular leukomalacia.Conclusions: Real time sonography is a sensitive non-invasive initial investigation for the detection of various brain lesions in the preterm neonates.

scholarly journals Value of transcranial ultrasound screening for the preterm in the neonatal ICU

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Ali ◽  
A S Abdelrahman ◽  
M I Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Transcranial Ultrasound ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Agenesis Of Corpus Callosum ◽  
Neonatal Icu

Abstract Background preterm neonates less than 37 weeks of gestational age are more liable to hemorrhagic and ischemic brain lesions due to the immaturity of capillary bed, cerebral auto-regulation and vascular anastomosis, with consequent adverse outcome, poor cognitive development, and cerebral palsy. Cranial ultrasound is a safe imaging modality with no need to radiation exposure or sedation. Aim of the Work to evaluate the usefulness of universal cranial ultrasound screening in preterm neonates in the neonatal ICU with gestational age between 28 and 37 weeks to detect the different intra cranial pathologies in this pediatric group. Patients and Methods After taking approval by the Radiology Department Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Ain shams University, the current study was performed on all preterm neonates (50) admitted to neonatal ICU in Ain shams hospital between 28 and 37 weeks of gestational age, between the third and seventh day of life, from July 1, 2017 to April 1, 2018 were included in the study. Results The study showed normal transcrainal ultrasound (72.0%), Germinal matrix hemorrhage (10.0%), Intraventricular hemorrhage (6.0%), Periventricular leukomalacia (6.0%), Congenital anomalies is Dandy walker malformation (2.0%), Chiari malformation (0.0%), Agenesis of corpus callosum (2.0%) and Porencephalic cyst (2.0%) of finding of ultrasound. Conclusion The importance of preterm screening by cranial ultrasound is sustained by the observation that most preterm neonates with abnormal CUS are usually asymptomatic. Only occasionally these patients develop symptoms.Linear high frequency probe of ultrasound was of great benefit in better visualization of anatomical details and mild pathological lesions.

scholarly journals OUTCOME OF PRETERM BABIES WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaitan Singh Balai ◽  
Vivek Arora
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Preterm Babies

Background: To study outcome of preterm babies with RDS in babies admitted in NICU. Methods: This study was hospital based prospective study of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted in NICU of MBGH RNT medical college Udaipur, from February 2017 to January 2018. Results: Among 200 preterm neonates included in the study 31 neonates expired. Mortality was 15.5%. The mortality was 10.17% among the preterm neonates with RDS and hospitalized within 6 hrs. It was 31.81% among neonates hospitalized between 6-12 hrs and 62.5% and 66.66% among neonates hospitalized between 12-24 hrs and after 24 hrs of birth respectively. Conclusion: Mortality rate is inversely related to birth weight and gestational age and directly related to age at admission and severity of respiratory distress (Silverman-Anderson score). Keywords: Preterm, Neonates, Birth weight.

scholarly journals An ultrasonographic evaluation of solitary muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sharma ◽  
S Neupane ◽  
M Shrestha ◽  
R Dwivedi ◽  
K Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cysticercus Cellulosae ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Background: Cysticercosis in humans is infection with the larval form (cysticercus cellulosae) of the pork tapeworm T. solium. Encystment of larvae can occur in almost any tissue. The location of cysts in order of frequency is the central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue and striated muscle, vitreous humour of the eye and, rarely, other tissues. High resolution ultrasound can be used in the diagnosis of muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings in cases of muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective review of the cases of muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis which were diagnosed by ultrasound during June 2007 to May 2009 in the department of Radiology and Imaging, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of six patients were evaluated. Result: There were four males and two females. Age of the patient ranged from 18 to 50 years. All of the patients presented with a swelling with pain in five of them. There was a wide variation in the location of the cysts. In all cases ultrasound revealed a cystic lesion with an echogenic eccentric pedunculated nodule attached to the wall. The mean diameter of the cyst was 6mm. Smooth wall was present in five cases whereas one of the cysts revealed irregular wall. Pericystic inflammatory changes were seen in the adjacent muscles. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a safe and non-invasive method that can be used in the diagnosis of muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis. Key words: Muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis; ultrasound. DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i2.3571 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 2, Issue 30, 257-260

scholarly journals Cranial Ultrasound in Preterm Neonates: Screening of at Risk Infants for Long Term Neurodevelopmental Impairments

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
Md Atiqul Islam ◽  
M Monir Hossain ◽  
Naila Zaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Ultrasound Finding ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities

Background: Preterm birth is associated with variable degree of brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Therefore, screening of these infants is required to assess further neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cranial ultrasound finding has been a predictor of outcome in this population.Objective: The present study was carried out to find cranial ultrasound abnormalities in preterm neonates to aid in screening at risk infants for long term neurodevelopmenal impairment.Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from October 2011 to March 2012. Total 103 preterm neonates who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The neonates underwent cranial ultrasound (cUS) scan just after admission and before discharge for screening at risk infants.Results: Total 103 neonates were enrolled with mean age of 7.67 days in neonates with normal cUS findings and 7.23 days in neonates with abnormal cUS findings. Mean gestational age was 31.94 weeks in neonates with normal cUS and 31.85 weeks in neonates with abnormal cUS findings with mean weight 1.83 and 1.81 kg respectively. Among the neonates, 64 (62.1%) were males and 39 (37.9%) were females. Before discharge, out of 103 preterm neonates, 56 (54.3%) had normal cUS and 47 (45.7%) had abnormal cUS findings of which 22 (21.4%) had cerebral edema, 17 (16.5%) IVH and 8 (7.8%) had ventricular dilatation.Conclusion: Routine cranial ultrasound scanning of preterm neonates may aid in identifying at risk infants for long term neurodevelopmental impairments.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(1): 28-32

ACCURACY OF TRANSCUTANEOUS BILIRUBIN MEASUREMENTS DURING PHOTOTHERAPY IN JAUNDICED PRETERM NEONATES

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Rajveer Singh Yadav ◽  
Nikita Singh ◽  
Gaurav Agrawal ◽  
Madhu Mathur ◽  
Munish Kumar Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Preterm Baby ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubin ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Aim: It is very difcult to nd veins and also seems unethical to withdraw blood daily in a preterm baby for the monitoring of jaundice during the course of phototherapy. So it becomes essential that we nd out a method which is non-invasive and at the same time accurate to assess jaundice. Jaundice is the most common morbidity in the rst week of life, reported in 60% of term, 80% of preterm (1, 2) & also being the commonest cause of readmission. Materials and Method: Study was planned to assess the accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubin in comparison to total serum bilirubin in premature jaundiced neonates of gestational age (28-32 weeks v/s 32-37 weeks) during phototherapy. Result: Study has demonstrated reliability of TCB measurements in preterm infants during phototherapy. Gestational age, comorbidities and risk factors for jaundice did not inuence the correlation. Summary: This study reveals that Transcutaneous Bilirubin Estimation by bilirubin meter can be used as a non-invasive method for monitoring of jaundice treatment during phototherapy in preterm neonates.

Brain GRowth Evaluation Assessed with Transfontanellar (B-GREAT) ultrasound. Old and new bedside markers to estimate cerebral growth in preterm infants: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Arena ◽  
Francesca Gallini ◽  
Domenico Umberto De Rose ◽  
Francesca Conte ◽  
Luca Giraldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Growth Evaluation

Objective: We aimed to investigate the feasibility of evaluating overall preterm brain growth using a gathered set of measurements of brain structures in standard cranial ultrasound planes. We called this method of assessment Brain GRowth Evaluation Assessed with Transfontanellar ultrasound (B-GREAT). Study design: In this prospective observational cohort study, cranial ultrasound was regularly performed (on day 1, 2, 3, 7 of life and then weekly until discharge and at term) in preterm infants born with a gestational age less than 32 weeks. We evaluated Corpus Callosum (CC) length, Corpus Callosum-Fastigium (CCF) length, Anterior Horn Width (AHW), Frontal White Matter (FWM) height, Total brain Surface (TBS), Deep Grey Matter (DGM) height, Hemisphere Height (HH), Transverse Cerebellar Diameter in the axial view (TCDax) and coronal view (TCDcor). Measurements obtained were used to develop growth charts for B-GREAT markers as a function of postmenstrual age. Reproducibility of B-GREAT markers was studied. Results: A total of 528 cranial ultrasounds was performed in 80 neonates (median birth gestational age: 28+5 weeks, interquartile range: 27+3 to 30+5). The intraclass correlation coefficients for intra-observer and inter-observer analyses showed substantial agreement for all B-GREAT markers. Growth curves for B-GREAT markers were developed. Conclusion: B-GREAT is a feasible and reproducible method for bedside monitoring of the growth of the main brain structures in preterm neonates.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF THE IMPACT OF POSTNATAL NUTRITION ON THE GROWTH OF PRETERM INFANTS <34 WEEKS GESTATIONAL AGE FROM BIRTH TO DISCHARGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
JITENDRA SINGH FAUJDAR ◽  
KALPANA SINGH ◽  
RAJVEER SINGH YADAV ◽  
JITENDRA KUMAR GUPTA ◽  
MUNISH KAKKAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Preterm Baby ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the actual daily amount of each nutrient (protein, glucose, and fat) energy and fluid as per current ESPGHAN guidelines for preterm infants and to analyze the role of nutrients at different gestational age on growth and weight of preterm infants. Material and Methods: An observational and prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. This study included all preterm infants born <34 weeks gestational age admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit during this period at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital. A total of 120 preterm neonates were studied. Results: There were mean weight, length, and head circumference continues to rise till the study end. Mean energy at birth was also continues to rise till the end. Conclusion: In the study, proper nutritional supplement as per ESPHAGEN guidelines was used for the development of preterm infant. The study showed that there were statistically significant results with anthropometry parameters with preterm baby growth in all domains.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Cerebral Oximetry in TBI by NIRS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2938
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Barud ◽  
Wojciech Dabrowski ◽  
Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba ◽  
Chiara Robba ◽  
Magdalena Bielacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Cerebral Oximetry ◽  
Cerebrovascular Autoregulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Measurement of cerebral oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy provides continuous and non-invasive information about the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in the central nervous system. This is especially important in the case of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Monitoring of cerebral oximetry in these patients could allow for the diagnosis of inadequate cerebral oxygenation caused by disturbances in cerebral blood flow. It could enable identification of episodes of hypoxia and cerebral ischemia. Continuous bedside measurement could facilitate the rapid diagnosis of intracranial bleeding or cerebrovascular autoregulation disorders and accelerate the implementation of treatment. However, it should be remembered that the method of monitoring cerebral oximetry by means of near-infrared spectroscopy also has its numerous limitations, resulting mainly from its physical properties. This paper summarizes the usefulness of monitoring cerebral oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with traumatic brain injury, taking into account the advantages and the disadvantages of this technique.

Cranial Ultrasound in Preterm Neonates of Gestational Age 28 to 34 Weeks: A Single Centre Experience From Western India

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Charul Mehta ◽  
Urvashi Rana
Keyword(s):  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Western India ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Normal Variants ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum

Context: Intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia, the common brain injuries in premature infants, are major causes for early death in the neonatal period and later motor and cognitive disabilities. This study was undertaken to find out the incidence of normal cranial ultrasound (CUS), normal variants, and abnormal CUS findings. Evidence Acquisition: This prospective, observational study was conducted at Neonatal ICU, Department of Paediatrics, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, over a period of 2 years from September 1, 2014, to August 31, 2016. Detailed history, examination, and risk factor assessment was done for all 180 subjects. The neonates were subjected to cranial ultrasound during admission and on follow-up. Results: Upon sonographic evaluation, 125 (69.44%) neonates had normal ultrasound, 34 (18.90%) had normal variants, and 21 (11.66%) had abnormal cranial ultrasound findings. The predominant normal variants observed were cavum septum pellucidum (18; 10%) and choroid plexus cyst (11; 6.1%). The most common abnormality detected was intraventricular hemorrhage (15; 8.3%) and was found to have a clinically significant correlation with surfactant use and with mechanical ventilation ( P value < .05). Follow-up scans could be performed on 70 subjects out of which 2 had normal variants and 3 had abnormal CUS findings. Conclusion: Establishing institutional CUS scanning protocols will go a long way in decreasing morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document