scholarly journals A study of etiology and characteristics of febrile convulsions and epilepsy among children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2093
Author(s):  
Habib G. Pathan ◽  
Abdul Naseer Abdul Bari ◽  
Prashant R. Kokiwar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Febrile Convulsions ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Acute Symptomatic Seizures

Background: Globally in all parts of the world, epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder of chronic nature. Seizures among children are common and challenging for the pediatrician. The objective of this study was to study etiology and characteristics of febrile convulsions and epilepsy among childrenMethods: The present study was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care centre among subjects who had seizures. Subjects were recruited from pediatric ward, consecutively hospitalization of pediatric patients, and of either sex who presented with history of seizures. The data included demographic details and history.Results: Total febrile seizures were 25.46% and overall incidence was around 2.57%. Preponderance of male constituting 62.65% over female 37.35% was observed. Most of the febrile seizures were simple type. Fever due to upper respiratory tract infection was commonest cause. It was not associated with any complications. Epileptic cases were 38.65% of total cases and overall incidence was 3.9%. In this group also, there was male preponderance. It increased with age. Commonest presentations of epileptic seizures were generalized in 67.46%. Most common cause of acute symptomatic seizures was viral encephalitis (28.34%). Numbers of deaths were more in acute symptomatic. Conclusions: As there were no morbidity and mortality with febrile seizures so it is possible to explain the benign nature of febrile seizures to their parents. Acute symptomatic seizures are to be identified and treated immediately.

scholarly journals Risk factors for childhood refractory epilepsy in a tertiary care centre, Chennai, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Thannoli Gowthami Gowrinathan ◽  
Senthil Kumar A.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Active Epilepsy

Background: Intractable epilepsy is the pragmatic problem during the treatment of active epilepsy in children. Several risk factors are associated with incidence of intractable/recurrent epilepsy. The current study was done to identify the risk and prognostic factors associated with recurrent epilepsy (RE).Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 152 children with idiopathic or symptomatic epilepsy who are on two or more AEDs and who were in follow up in Neurology OPD and inpatients in medical ward at ICH&HC, Chennai. All patients underwent relevant investigations to identify the possible risk factors for incidence of RE in study population. Karyotyping was done for idiopathic cases.Results: Male preponderance was seen in the study (M:F-2:1). Risk factors such as male sex, age onset of seizures, type of seizures, developmental delay, CNS congenital anomalies, h/o perinatal injury, neuroabnormality, abnormal MRI and EEG was found to have statistically significant association with incidence of RE. No significant association was observed for the factors microcephaly, behavioural abnormalities, h/o febrile seizures and h/o status epilepticus with incidence of RE. No chromosomal abnormalities were detected in idiopathic cases.Conclusions: Early identification, risk factor analysis and understanding in the dynamics of the disease helps the physician in initiating the appropriate treatment, thereby avoiding the wrong therapy, low dose therapy and infrequent therapy. Above all identification of the risk factors helps in parental counseling and prepare them for expected outcome.

TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE AND OCCURANCE OF VISUAL MORBIDITY IN PATIENTS OF PTERYGIUM ATTENDING EYE OPD IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Vandana Parasar ◽  
Vidyabhushan Kumar ◽  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Nilesh Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

To determine the prevalence and occurrence of visual morbidity in patients of pterygium attending eye opd in a tertiary care centre of Bihar. Methods: In this observational study a total of 193 patients, diagnosed with pterygium, underwent complete ocular examination by an ophthalmologist. Epidemiological trends including age, sex, occupation, effect of living condition and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Results: There is a male preponderance of 58.03%. The age incidence of the group showed that the incidence of pterygium was 10.36% in the age group of less than 30 years. It rises to a maximum of 29.53% in the age of 41-50 years and then gradually declines.. The incidence was found to be maximum among farmers(39.86%) followed by miners(31%). Conclusion: People who work outdoors are at a greater risk because they are subjected to involuntary UVB exposure. The highest exposure occurs during the two hours on either side of noon. Workers must be aware and should take appropriate measures like wearing protective glasses, caps, etc

A Study on Prevalence and Seasonal Distribution of Dengue at a Tertiary Care Centre of North India

Healthline ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Arti Agrawal ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Neha K Mani
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Male Preponderance

Introduction: Dengue virus infection is a major public health issue prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries all over the world mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. WHO estimates about 50-100 million dengue infections worldwide every year. The present study is aimed to assess the prevalence and seasonal distribution of dengue disease during three consecutive years from 2016-2018 at a tertiary care centre of North India. Method: This is an observational retrospective study conducted on total 6,481 clinical suspected cases referred from indoor and outdoor departments of Medicine and Pediatrics of one of the medical colleges of Agra during the period from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. Results: The maximum positivity was recorded in the year 2016 (16.66%), followed by 2017 (14.07%) and 2018(13.56%).Our study shows male preponderance with maximum cases in the year 2018 was recorded in the month of October (22.75%) whereas the lowest in the month of May (1.96%). Most of the cases were in the age group 0-30 years with a male preponderance. The outbreak occurred during the months of August to November indicating vector transmission in the monsoon and post-monsoon season. Conclusion: From the analysis, this study reflects that the numbers of dengue cases in 2016 were maximum and outnumbered the dengue cases among three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018. The peak in dengue positivity was observed during September to October. As this disease affects the population in the monsoon and post monsoon months therefore continuous monitoring of dengue infection is important during the post-monsoon season.

scholarly journals Treatment of febrile seizures with intermittent clobazam

1997 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza G. Manreza ◽  
José Luiz D. Gherpelli ◽  
Lúcia R. Machado-Haertel ◽  
Cristiane C. Costas Pedreira ◽  
Carlos O. Heise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Febrile Episode ◽  
Intermittent Therapy ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Recurrent Vomiting ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Febrile Episodes ◽  
A Prospective Study

Fifty children, 24 female and 26 male, with ages varying from 6 to 72 months (mean=23.7 m.) that experienced at least one febrile seizure (FS) entered a prospective study of intermittent therapy with clobazam. Cases with severe neurological abnormalities, progressive neurological disease, afebrile seizures, symptomatic seizures of other nature, or seizures during a central nervous system infection were excluded. Seizures were of the simple type in 25 patients, complex in 20 and unclassified in 5. The mean follow-up period was 7.9 months (range=l to 23 m.), and the age at the first seizure varied from 5 to 42 months (mean=16.8 m.). Clobazam was administered orally during the febrile episode according to the child's weight: up to 5 kg, 5 mg/day; from 5 to 10 kg, 10 mg/day; from 11 to 15 kg, 15 mg/day, and over 15 kg, 20 mg/day. There were 219 febrile episodes, with temperature above 37.8 °C, in 40 children during the study period. Twelve children never received clobazam and 28 received the drug at least once. Drug efficacy was measured by comparing FS recurrence in the febrile episodes that were treated with clobazam with those in which only antipyretic measures were taken. Ten children (20%) experienced a FS during the study period. Of the 171 febrile episodes treated with clobazam there were only 3 recurrences (1.7%), while of the 48 episodes treated only with antipyretic measures there were 11 recurrences (22.9%), a difference highly significant (p<0.0001). Adverse effects occurred in 10/28 patients (35.7%), consisting mainly in vomiting, somnolence and hyperactivity. Only one patient had recurrent vomiting which lead to drug interruption. These effects did not necessarily occurred in every instance the drug was administered, being present in one febrile episode and not in the others. We conclude that clonazepam is safe and efficacious in preventing FS recurrence. It may be an alternative to diazepam in the intermittent treatment of FS recurrence.

scholarly journals Impact of changing trends of treatment on outcome of cerebral gliosarcoma: A tertiary care centre experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 015-017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Narendra ◽  
Tapesh Bhattacharyya ◽  
Chanchalani Karan ◽  
Praveen Shalunke ◽  
B D Radotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Radiotherapy Alone

Abstract Aim: To assess clinicopathological features and outcomes in patients of primary gliosarcoma with changing trends of treatment. Materials and Methods: Medical records were reviewed and data collected on primary gliosarcoma over a 5-year period (2009–2013) from the departmental case files. Results: A total 27 patients were included in this study. The median age of presentation was 54 years. There was a slight male preponderance, with male to female ratio of 1.25:1. The most common location of the tumor was temporal lobe (44.4%). Gross total resection was possible in 19 cases, near total excision was done in five cases, and only partial excision with decompression in three cases. Of the 27 patients, 80.8% patients received post-operative radical external beam radiotherapy of 60 Gy/30#/6 weeks. Concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide was used in 42.3% cases, depending on affordability and tolerance. Median overall survival was 9 months. On subgroup analysis, median overall survival in the radiotherapy plus temozolomide group was 10 months as compared to 9 months in the radiotherapy alone group; however, this was not statistically significant.(P = 0.244). Conclusion: Treating Gliosarcoma is a major therapeutic challenge for a clinician because of its poor prognosis, aggressive clinical behavior, rarity, and limited clinical experience. With surgery and concurrent chemoradiation, we were able to achieve a median overall survival of 9 months. Addition of temozolomide has shown a better trend in survival though it is not statistically significant.

Abstract TMP99: Pediatric Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Acute Symptomatic Seizures and Epilepsy

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A Beslow ◽  
Nicholas S Abend ◽  
Melissa C Gindville ◽  
Rachel A Bastian ◽  
Daniel J Licht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Eeg Monitoring ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Continuous Eeg ◽  
Continuous Eeg Monitoring ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Acute Symptomatic Seizures

Background and Objectives: We aimed to define the incidence of acute symptomatic seizures and of remote symptomatic seizures and epilepsy after spontaneous pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Pediatric patients with spontaneous ICH presenting between 2007 and 2012 at three tertiary care centers were prospectively identified. Acute symptomatic seizures were defined as seizures occurring from presentation to 7 days after ICH. Survival analysis was used to assess development of a first remote symptomatic seizure and epilepsy (2 or more unprovoked seizures >7 days after ICH). Log-rank tests were used to examine putative risk factors for development of remote symptomatic seizures and epilepsy. Results: Seventy-three pediatric subjects with spontaneous ICH were identified, including 20 perinatal (≥37 weeks gestation to 28 days) and 53 childhood subjects (>28 days to <18 years). Acute symptomatic seizures occurred in 12 (60%) perinatal and 23 (43%) childhood subjects, p=.29, Fisher’s exact. Median age of childhood subjects with acute symptomatic seizures was younger than those without (2.2 versus 10.8 years, p=.006, rank-sum). Electrographic-only seizures occurred in 28% of 32 subjects who had continuous EEG monitoring. Follow-up was not different between perinatal and childhood subjects (median 371 versus 340 days), p=.68, rank-sum. One and two-year remote symptomatic seizure-free survival were 82% (95% CI 68-91%) and 67% (95% CI 46-82%). One and two-year epilepsy-free survival were 96% (95% CI 83-99%) and 87% (95% CI 65-95%). Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) requiring urgent intervention was a risk factor for remote symptomatic seizures and epilepsy (p=.024 and p=.037, log-rank test). Conclusions: Acute symptomatic seizures are common in both perinatal and childhood ICH. Continuous EEG monitoring may identify electrographic-only seizures in some subjects. By two-years after ICH it is estimated that about one-third of patients will have a single remote symptomatic seizures and that about 13% will develop epilepsy. Elevated ICP requiring intervention is a risk factor for remote symptomatic seizures and epilepsy.

Pediatric Seizures and Status Epilepticus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Retterath ◽  
Dale Woolridge
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Algorithmic Approaches ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Acute Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Management Work

Seizures represent a common neurologic complaint among pediatric patients in the emergency department (ED). They can be classified as generalized or focal. In terms of etiology, seizures are most basically broken down into “acute symptomatic” seizures, which are due to another primary medical cause, and unprovoked seizures which occur as a primary pathology. Febrile seizures are the most common types of seizures in children, which themselves can be simple or complex. The most concerning seizures are those which associate with meningismus, encephalitis, metabolic derangements, intracranial mass, and, of course those which progress to status epilepticus. Significantly, it is appropriate and even critical to assume status epilepticus and intervene accordingly whenever a child arrives to the ED seizing for an unspecified period of time. This review covers the initial evaluation, resuscitation, management, work-up, and disposition of pediatric patients who present to the emergency room with seizures. Figures in this chapter illustrate stepwise and algorithmic approaches to initial management, expanded differential, systematic diagnostic approach, and disposition for pediatric patients presenting with seizures and status epilepticus. Tables list important physical exam components for evaluating children with seizures, classifications of seizures, common seizure look-alikes in children, features of febrile seizures, etiologies of pediatric seizures. This review contains 5 figures, 11 tables, and 22 references. Key Words: pediatric seizures, febrile seizures, pediatric neurologic emergencies, pediatric emergency medicine, status epilepticus 

Epidemiology of Epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale C Hesdorffer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Active Epilepsy ◽  
Acute Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Health Planner

Epilepsy affects 1 out of every 26 people during their lifetime. Worldwide, the incidence of epilepsy ranges from 28.0/100,000 to 235.5/100,000, with the large variation attributable to differences in methodology across studies. The prevalence of active epilepsy provides important information about the burden of epilepsy in the population and spurs public health planner to assess the needs of the epilepsy population. The active prevalence of epilepsy ranges from 2.4/1,000 to 22.8/1,000 worldwide and more than 65 million people have active epilepsy. Risk factors for childhood-onset and adult-onset epilepsy are discussed, considering epilepsy etiologies (e.g., severe traumatic brain injury), newer risk factors without bidirectional relationships with epilepsy (e.g., low socioeconomic status), risk factors with bidirectional relationships (e.g., psychiatric disorders), and different types of acute symptomatic seizures (e.g., febrile seizures).

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiologic profile of the initial COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care centre in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitesh Gupta ◽  
Sumita Agrawal ◽  
Pranav Ish ◽  
Suruchi Mishra ◽  
Rajni Gaind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Travel History

COVID-19 has now become a pandemic. It has spread from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 to a large number of countries within three months. The objective of this work is to report the initial experience with epidemiologic and clinical features, as well as with the management of COVID-19 patients in India. This is a descriptive case series of the first 21 COVID-19 infected patients confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and admitted to a tertiary care centre in India from 01.02.2020 to 19.03.2020. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were collected, including age, sex, nationality, travel history, symptoms, duration of stay, and comorbidities. The mean age of the population was 40.3 years with a male preponderance. Thirteen (62%) patients had recent travel history outside India in the previous 30 days, two thirds of whom had travelled to Italy. The most common symptoms were fever and cough (42.9%) followed by sore throat, headache and breathlessness. Vital and laboratory parameters were preserved in all patients and none of them required ventilatory support. Among the first 21 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in India, the typical clinical presentation consisted in a mild upper respiratory tract infection predominantly affecting the young male population. One patient required supplemental oxygen. All patients recovered with no residual symptoms.   *The Safdarjung Hospital COVID 2019 working group: Nitesh Gupta, Sumita Agrawal, Pranav Ish, Suruchi Mishra, Rajni Gaind, Ganapathy Usha, Balvinder Singh, Manas Kamal Sen, Shibdas Chakrabarti (Consultant and Head, Pulmonary Medicine); NK Gupta (Professor, Pulmonary medicine); Dipak Bhattacharya (Consultant, Pulmonary medicine); Rohit Kumar (Assistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine); Siddharth R. Yadav (Assistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine); Rushika Saksena (Specialist, Microbiology); Rojaleen Das (Assistant Professor,Microbiology); Vikramjeet Dutta (Assistant Professor, Microbiology); Anupam Kr Anveshi (Senior Resident, Microbiology); Santvana Kohli (Assistant Professor, Anaesthesiology); Naveen KV (Assistant Professor,  Anaesthesiology); Amandeep Jaswal (Assistant Professor, Anaesthesiology).

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