scholarly journals Tuberculosis: a great masquerader

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Rajeshwari N. ◽  
Savitha A.
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Excessive Sleepiness ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Tuberculous Brain Abscess ◽  
Space Occupying Lesion

Central nervous system tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most severe form of tuberculosis, accounting for 1% of all TB cases. Intracranial tuberculosis can present as Tuberculous meningitis, Tuberculous encephalopathy, Tuberculous vasculitis, CNS tuberculomas and Tuberculous brain abscess. Here authors present a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with insidious onset of early morning vomiting, excessive sleepiness with classical neuroimaging findings of intracranial tuberculosis. Authors emphasise that intracranial tuberculoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any intracranial space-occupying lesion with or without pulmonary involvement.

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS (TORULOSIS) IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
C. M. F. Siewers ◽  
Henry G. Cramblett
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Unexplained Fever ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Four cases of disseminated cryptococcosis in children are reported, two of whom had cryptococcosis without involvement of the central nervous system. All but one patient, a child with leukemia, survived. Two of the survivors were treated with amphotericin B intravenously, while one child recovered after long-term sulfadiazine therapy. Cryptococcosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of disease in children with unexplained fever, lymphadenopathay, hepatosplenomegaly, or pulmonary involvement. Central nervous system involvement is not invariably present, and can be prevented if therapy with amphotericin B is instituted early. The necessity of appropriate and repeated fungal cultures is emphasized.

Stroke due to isolated angiitis ot the central nervous system (CNS) – differential diagnosis and therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Springer ◽  
S Bechthold ◽  
A Jansson ◽  
K Kurnik ◽  
T Pfluger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanoma Mimicking Meningioma—Report of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmikant Bhople ◽  
Hrushikesh U. Kharosekar ◽  
Harish Naik ◽  
V. Velho
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Radiological Patterns

AbstractPrimary intracranial melanoma is uncommon and accounts for only approximately 1% of all cases of melanoma. This is interesting to neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons because the clinical and radiological patterns of these tumors can mimic the presence of meningioma. Primary central nervous system melanomas have rarely been reported with less than 25 cases reported till date. We report two cases of the primary intracranial melanoma that even though very rare should be kept as a differential diagnosis when meningioma is suspected.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): Can They Be Used as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of This Disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Manca
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is a complex immunological disease where both environmental factors and genetic predisposition lead to the dysregulation of important immune mechanisms. Eventually, the combination of these factors leads to the production of self-reactive antibodies that can target any organ or tissue of the human body. Autoantibodies can form immune complexes responsible for both the organ damage and the most severe complications. Involvement of the central nervous system defines a subcategory of the disease, generally known with the denomination of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can range from relatively mild manifestations, such as headache, to more severe complications, such as psychosis. The evaluation of the presence of the autoantibodies in the serum of these patients is the most helpful diagnostic tool for the assessment of the disease. The scientific progresses achieved in the last decades helped researchers and physicians to discover some of autoepitopes targeted by the autoantibodies, although the majority of them have not been identified yet. Additionally, the central nervous system is full of epitopes that cannot be found elsewhere in the human body, for this reason, autoantibodies that selectively target these epitopes might be used for the differential diagnosis between patients with and without the neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this review, the most relevant data is reported with regard to mechanisms implicated in the production of autoantibodies and the most important autoantibodies found among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without the neuropsychiatric manifestations.

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Modern concepts in the biology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma

Leukemia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1797-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Deckert ◽  
A Engert ◽  
W Brück ◽  
A J M Ferreri ◽  
J Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

scholarly journals Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis: a challenge in treatment and in clinical management

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (52) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Agnès Fleury ◽  
Edda Sciutto
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic disease that occurs when cysticerci are installed in the central nervous system. This paper describes the challenge that continues in the treatment of the most severe form of neurocysticercosis that occurs when the parasite is installed outside the parenchyma. The relevance of neuroinflammation control for patient survival and its implications on the effectiveness of the treatment are discussed.

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