scholarly journals A cross sectional study on risk factors associated with acute lower respiratory tract infection among children aged 6 to 60 months

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Tabrez Altaf Noorani ◽  
Jaini S. Kothari ◽  
Bhavesh Kanabar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) is leading cause of hospitalization and mortality among children under 5 years age in developing societies. Risk factors such as socioeconomic status, overcrowding, parental education, passive smoking, exposure to biomass fuels, kerosene lamps etc should also be considered in possible etiology of ALRI. Knowledge of risk factors would help prevention through proper health education efforts and other interventional community development initiatives. The objective of the study was to study various socio-demographic and nutritional risk factors associated with acute lower respiratory tract infection among 6 to 60 months aged childrenMethods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care institute Gujarat state of India. All the children in the age group of 6 months to 60 months admitted in paediatrics ward with ALRI were included in study. Data collection was done using a pretested questionnaire including socio-demographic factors. Data was analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and excel and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Higher percentage (32%) of malnutrition was observed in age group of 13 months to 36 months (p<0.05). Lack of maternal education is significantly associated with malnutrition in patients of acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (p<0.05). Passive smoking was found among 38.1% of ALRI patients in urban area while it was among 25.6% of patients in rural patients (p<0.05). Difference in exposure to biomass fuel among rural and urban patients is statistically significant (p<0.05). Giving pre-lacteal feeding (63.9%), incomplete immunization (56.8%), no birth spacing (50.2%), no predominant breast feeding (47.7%) are some of the leading causes of acute LRTI.Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors and malnutrition impact ALRI among 6 to 60 months age group of children according to place of residence.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Hyponatraemia among Elderly Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
B Raju ◽  
A Rishab ◽  
K Vikram ◽  
T Vaibhav ◽  
T Sharat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Decrease in serum sodium concentration is frequent observation among hospitalised elderly patients. The common causes for hyponatremia are degenerative physiology, dehydration, medications and infections. Hence the present study was undertaken to know the extent of hyponatremia among elderly with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of hyponatremia in lower respiratory tract infection among geriatric age group and to determine the association between severity of hyponatraemia and LRTI. Methods: This was hospital based cross sectional study carried out in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in north Karnataka, India during November 2016 to May 2018. 100 elderly patients (age e” 60 years) with history of cough for more than four to five days, clinical findings and X-ray findings suggestive of LRTI, were selected for the study. Results: In the present study 59% comprised of male whereas females constituted 41%. The prevalence of hyponatraemia among elderly patients with LRTI was 45%. The most common cause of hyponatraemia was GI loss (vomiting) 53.33%, Euvolemic hyponatramia 51.11%. The mean age was 69.99±8.44 years. Most of the patients were aged between 61 to 70 years. .Hyponatraemia was not associated with sex, age and type of LRTI. Duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with hyponatraemia compared to those who did not develop hyponatraemia. Conclusion: Hyponatraemia among elderly individuals with LRTI is higher as compared to other age group hence leading to prolonged duration of hospitalisation. Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2020; 31(1) : 13-17

scholarly journals Assessment of drug use pattern for lower respiratory tract infection in outpatient department of paediatric at central referral hospital: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2352
Author(s):  
Chandrakala Sharma ◽  
Arkojit Endow ◽  
Sudip Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Prescription audit is an important tool to analyse rational use of drug at different health sectors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern using World Health Organization prescribing indicators for lower respiratory tract infection in children below five years of age.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Paediatrics at Central Referral Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim, India for a period of 18 months. Study involved children between 1-5 years of age with fever/cough with or without respiratory distress. The data were collected from the out patient department prescription slips as well as interviewing the parents/guardians after finishing the physician consultation. The data were processed using statistical software SPSS 20.Results: The study was conducted with 57 prescriptions comprising 210 drugs from both male (54.38%) and female (45.61%) patients. The average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 3.68. negligible (0.013%) prescription containing generic name of drug was found, 96.66% of medicines were prescribed from National Essential List of Medicine (NELM). No prescriptions were found to have injectables, 8.57% of the prescriptions were found to contain fixed dose combination. Amongst the drug categories, salbutamol accounted for 23.33% in total prescription followed by paracetamol (22.85%) and amoxicillin (7.14%). While accounting for the formulations used, the maximum prescriptions were containing syrup followed by nebulization.Conclusions: The use of generic names was minimal, only few of the prescriptions had vitamins and tonics with no use of injectable preparations. Maximum numbers of drugs were prescribed from NELM.

scholarly journals Bacteriology of Sputum Samples: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (221) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Bal Man Singh Karki
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infection is a common infection and accounts for a greaterburden of disease worldwide. It is a great challenge to the clinician and still more, with increasingantimicrobial resistance. Its empirical treatment may vary according to the type of causativeorganisms. The objective of this study is to identify the pathogenic microorganisms and theirantimicrobial susceptibility pattern from sputum sample. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in KIST Medical College andTeaching Hospital from February 2015 to January 2016. Ethical approval was taken from institutionalreview committee prior to the study with reference no. 0051/2014/15. Data on culture and sensitivityof isolates from sputum samples were collected from the records of the hospital. Sample collection,processing, identification of microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performedaccording to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All the data were tabulatedin an Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 2318 samples, 694 (29.93%) sputum samples at 95% confidence interval (737.21-650.79) were reported as culture positive. Klebsiella was the most common isolate followedby Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans,Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and others. Imipenem and vancomycin showedthe most sensitivity towards gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria respectively. Conclusions: Proper diagnosis, identification of causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibilitypattern are important steps to limit the irrational use of antimicrobials. Prescribing antimicrobialsempirically in the case of suspected lower respiratory tract infection is difficult.

scholarly journals Risk factors for severe RSV-induced lower respiratory tract infection over four consecutive epidemics

2007 ◽  
Vol 166 (12) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Rossi ◽  
Maria Cristina Medici ◽  
Maria Cristina Arcangeletti ◽  
Marcello Lanari ◽  
Rocco Merolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract

scholarly journals A Rare Pediatric Case of Severe Bird Fancier's Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Presented with Viral Pneumonitis-Like Picture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Habra ◽  
Atqah AbdulWahab
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pediatric Age Group

Bird Fancier&rsquo;s Syndrome is a rare, non-atopic immunologic response to repeated or intense inhalation of avian (bird) proteins/antigens found in the feathers or droppings of many species of birds, which leads to an immune mediated inflammatory reaction in the respiratory system. Although this is the most common type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis reported in adults, it is one of the classification of a rare subtype of interstitial lung disease that occurs in the pediatric age group of which few case reports are available in the literature. The pathophysiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is complex; numerous organic and inorganic antigens can cause immune dysregulation, leading to an immune related antigen-antibody response (immunoglobulin G&ndash;IgG- against the offending antigen). Diagnosing Bird Fancier&rsquo;s disease in the pediatric age group is challenging, history of exposure is usually missed by health care providers, symptoms and clinical findings in such cases are nonspecific and often misdiagnosed during the acute illness with other common diseases such asthma, or acute viral lower respiratory tract infection, and the lack of standardization of criteria for diagnosing such condition, or sensitive radiological or laboratory test. Treatment, on the other hand, is also controversial. Avoidance of the offending antigen could be the sole or most important part of treatment, particularly in acute mild and moderate cases. Untreated cases can result in irreversible lung fibrosis. In this case report, we highlight how children presenting with an acute viral lower respiratory tract infection can overlap with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Early intervention with pulse steroids markedly improves the patient&rsquo;s clinical course.

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