Impact of cesarean section on transient tachypnea of the newborn: a longitudinal study

Background: Transient tachypnea of the new born is a benign condition. The aim of the study is to find any correlation between the mode of delivery and occurrence of transient tachypnea of newborn.Methods: Study is proposed to assess the risk factor like caesarean section and its relationship with occurrence of TTN in term neonates and the clinical course of TTN cases admitted in Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Department of Pediatrics, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda, Telangana.Results: During the study period, total number of deliveries in our hospital was 4576. Of 356 term neonates with respiratory distress admitted in NICU, the most common cause was found to be early onset sepsis i.e 168 of 356 cases accounting for 47.19%, followed by transient tachypnea of newborn i.e., 68 of 356 cases accounting for 19.10%.Conclusions: The mode of delivery i.e caesarean section has a significant impact on transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) with a relative risk of 3.78 compared to normal vaginal delivery. The majority of cases had mild respiratory distress and were relieved of symptoms within 3 days of hospital stay.

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On demand caesarean section: What’s women’s attitude?

Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3126/njog.v2i2.1448 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Nira S Shrestha ◽

Sumita Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Caesarean Delivery ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

University Teaching ◽

Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽

On Demand ◽

Assisted Delivery ◽

The Right

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Nepalese women towards mode of delivery and caesarean on demand. Study design: Hospital based cross sectional descriptive study where 200 pregnant women after 37 completed weeks of gestation were recruited randomly and interviewed, and their answers were analyzed. Results: Of the 200 interviewed pregnant women, all of them knew about normal vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery, but only 30% knew about instrumentally assisted delivery and 9% had heard about painless labour. Vaginal delivery was the preferred mode in 93% and 7% preferred caesarean delivery. Only 35% of the interviewed women believed that women should have the right to demand a caesarean section Conclusion: Knowledge assessment of two hundred women regarding the mode of delivery clearly indicates the need for strengthening counseling aspect of antenatal care and awareness program regarding mode of delivery. In Nepal on demand caesarean section is not provided in the University Teaching Hospital. However one third of women still felt that women should have the right to choose caesarean section on demand. Key words: Attitude, mode of delivery, Caesarean on demand. doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1448 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 12 - 15

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EFFECT OF PHOTOTHERAPY ON SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS IN NEONATAL JAUNDICE

10.36106/5118478 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-19

Author(s):

Aradhana Gupta ◽

Anand Kumar Bhardwaj ◽

Anisha Aggarwal ◽

Gauri Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Neonatal Jaundice ◽

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Calcium Supplementation ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Total Serum ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Term Neonates ◽

Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

Background :To study the effect of phototherapy on serum calcium levels in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Methods : This hospital based longitudinal interventional study was conducted on 100 neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala. Total serum bilirubin and serum calcium levels of each participants were checked before and at the end of phototherapy. Neonates were also checked for the clinical signs of hypocalcemia i.e. jitteriness, irritability, lethargy, and convulsions. Results : Atotal of 100 neonates with neonatal jaundice were included with 55% boys and 45 % girls whose mean age was 3.0 ± 0.95 days. Mean S.Bilirubin level before phototherapy was 13.92 ± 2.32 mg/dl which was reduced to 8.87 ± 2.18 mg/dl. S.Calcium levels pre-phototherapy were 8.66 ± 0.65 mg/dl which were reduced to 7.94 ± 1.05 mg/dl. It was found that 32% of the participants in total exhibited symptoms related to hypocalcemia. More term neonates (56.3%) experienced symptoms related to hypocalcemia compared to pre-terms (43.8%). Conclusion : It can be deduced that phototherapy induced hypocalcemia is a signicant concern and hence, neonates requiring phototherapy may be considered for calcium supplementation.

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Clinico-epidemiological spectrum of early onset neonatal sepsis in neonates admitted in NICU of a tertiary care institute

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20191071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1046

Author(s):

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Gursharan Singh Narang ◽

Gurmeet Singh ◽

Navneet Virk ◽

Ashiana Singh

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Early Onset Sepsis

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the first month of life. Neonatal sepsis may be classified into two groups : early onset sepsis and late onset sepsis . Early onset neonatal sepsis is generally associated with the acquisition of microorganisms from the mother and usually presents with respiratory distress and pneumonia.Methods: The study included one hundred term neonates with early onset neonatal sepsis. A septic screen including total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, blood smear evaluation, blood cultures and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed in all neonates with suspected sepsis to corroborate early onset sepsis diagnosis. Epidemiological parameters including gender of the neonate, mode of delivery, rural/urban residence were recorded in addition to clinical profile.Results: Respiratory distress was the most common presentation in the form of tachypnea, seen in 63 (63.0%) neonates. In present study, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonae.Conclusions: Early onset neonatal sepsis was seen more in males. Among the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and among gram negative Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonae were most common organisms to be isolated.

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Caesarean Section Delivery and Risk of Poor Childhood Growth

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/6432754 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahama Saaka ◽

Addae Yaw Hammond

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽

Crude Odds Ratio ◽

Childhood Growth ◽

Stunted Growth ◽

Late Initiation ◽

Caesarean Section Delivery ◽

Cohort Study Design ◽

To Receive

Background. Though emerging evidence indicates caesarean section (CS) brings about late initiation of breastfeeding, early cessation of breastfeeding, and a higher risk of developing obesity, little is documented on the association between CS birth and stunted growth. This study assessed caesarean section delivery and the risk of poor postnatal childhood growth. Methods. A retrospective cohort study design was used to collect the requisite data on a sample of 528 mothers having children between the ages of 6 to 24 months. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results. After controlling for potential confounding factors, linear growth as measured by height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) was significantly higher by 0.121 standard units in children born through normal vaginal delivery, compared to their counterparts born through caesarean section (beta coefficients (β) = 0.121, p=0.002). The mode of delivery also had a statistically significant impact on infant feeding practices. Whereas 70.4% of babies delivered via vagina initiated breastfeeding within one hour of delivery, only 52.7% of babies born through CS did the same. Vaginally delivered babies were 2.1 times more likely to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of delivery ((Crude odds ratio (COR) = 2.13, p<0.001). Compared to CS babies, vaginally delivered babies were 3.2 times more likely not to have been fed with prelacteal feeds such as water and sugar solutions. Vagina delivered babies were 1.8 times more likely to receive adequate neonatal feeding than their counterparts who were delivered through CS (COR = 1.76, p=0.003). Conclusions. This study has found an association between CS delivery and stunting, an adverse outcome that clinicians and patients should weigh when considering in particular elective CS that seeks to avoid the pain associated with a vaginal birth.

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Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Stress Hormones During the Process of Birth

Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.21613/gorm.2017.753 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Burcu Kisa Karakaya ◽

Ozlem Moraloglu ◽

Rahime Bedir Findik ◽

Necati Hancerliogullari ◽

Hatice Celik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Elective Caesarean Section ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽

Singleton Pregnancy ◽

Beta Endorphin ◽

Tertiary Center

Objective: This study aims to determine whether mode of delivery is associated with the endocrine stress response in mother and newborn.Study Design: This prospective observational study was conducted with 86 women with a normal singleton pregnancy who delivered healthy infants between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation in a tertiary center. Study groups included; (1) women undergoing normal vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia, (2) women undergoing vaginal delivery with immersion in water for pain relief during labor, (3) women delivered through elective caesarean section without labor. After delivery, thyroid stimulating hormone, cortisol, insulin, prolactin and Beta-endorphin levels were measured in maternal and umbilical cord serum and their relationships between modes of delivery were investigated.Results: It was found that the concentrations of cortisol and beta-endorphin after vaginal delivery with immersion in water group in both mothers and infants were higher than other two modes of delivery and these differences were statistically significant. Umbilical cord concentration of cortisol was the lowest in the caesarean section group.Conclusions: Maternal and fetal stress response was found to be associated with the mode of delivery and labor.

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Pregnancy complications in COVID-19 positive primigravid patients: a comparative study

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v10i0.50984 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 71-73

Author(s):

Rushdana Rahman ◽

Faryal Mustary

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽

College Hospital ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of corona virus causing COVID-19. Previous studies suggested that COVID-19 is more likely to affect older males with co-morbidities. But pregnant women are at greater risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to physiological and immunological changes during pregnancy. This study aimed to monitor the pregnancy complications and mode of delivery. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka over from May 2020 to July 2020. A total of 20 primigravid singleton pregnant women of all trimesters having COVID-19 positive reports (mild to moderate) were included in this study. Similar numbers of primigravid singleton pregnant women of all trimester having negative COVID-19 report were included in this study. Women having age between 18 and 40 years were included. Patients with multiple pregnancy, pregnancy with hypertension, heart disease, renal disease and other metabolic diseases were excluded from this study. Results: Most of the patients were between 26 and 35 years old. Mean age was 29.25 ± 4.42 years in COVID positive group and 31.10 ± 4.65 years in COVID negative group. In positive cases, most of them had gestational age below 37 weeks but in negative cases, most of them had gestational age e•37 weeks. There was significant difference in gestational age between two groups. Regarding type of delivery, in positive cases most underwent Caesarean section and in negative cases maximum were normal vaginal delivery. Regarding antenatal complication during pregnancy, abortion, premature rupture of membrane and pre term labour was found significantly higher in positive cases than that of negative cases. Respiratory distress and psychological upset were observed significantly higher in positive cases than that of negative cases. Conclusion: Regarding antenatal complications and mode of delivery, Frequency of abortion, PROM, preterm labor and LUCS was significantly higher in COVID-19 cases. Respiratory distress and psychological upset was significantly higher in COVID-19 positive cases. COVID-19 Among postnatal complications infection might increase the risk of pregnancy complications and pregnant women could have a severe clinical course of the disease. Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 71-73

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Management of an Early Onset Sepsis with COVID19 in a Premature Neonate - A Case Report

10.21203/rs.3.rs-552932/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahbod Kaveh ◽

seyyed Mohsen sadatinejad

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Premature Neonate ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Medical Specialties ◽

Early Onset Sepsis

Abstract Background: neonates appear to be less affected by COVID-19 than adults. The overall challenge has been for all medical specialties, including neonatal intensive care. Unfortunately, current knowledge about severe acute respiratory distress syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is limited. Case presentation: In this report, we present an ill premature neonate who were born from mother with negative nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-COV-2. On the 5th day of life, baby developed respiratory distress. Nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-COV-2 was positive. Intubation and intratracheal surfactant was implemented. Patient was treated with Intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroid over a period of 14 days. Conclusion: The basis of treatment in neonatal covid19 is supportive care. Some studies have treated infants with various drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine, Favipiravir, and Remedsivir. In our case, we used corticosteroids and IVIg to treat a 5-day-old baby. We got good results after 2 weeks of treatment with dexamethasone 0.3 mg / kg per day and 2 g / kg IVIg (in three divided doses). It seems that these treatments, along with adjuvant ventilation and the use of endotracheal surfactants, can improve the patient's general condition.

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A prospective clinical study of foetomaternal outcome in relation to oligohydramnios in pregnancies beyond 36 weeks of gestation

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 2342

Author(s):

B. S. Meena ◽

Nimisha Gupta ◽

Oby Nagar ◽

Swati Trivedi

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽

Vital Role ◽

Prospective Clinical Study ◽

Meconium Aspiration ◽

Pregnant Females ◽

Nicu Admission

Background: Amniotic fluid is contributed by both mother and foetus. It plays a vital role in foetal growth. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the foetomaternal outcome in pregnant females with oligohydramnios beyond 36 weeks of gestation.Methods: This study was conducted on 230 pregnant females beyond 36 weeks of gestation with decreased liquor clinically and confirmed sonographically. It was conducted from May 2018 to May 2019. Females with leaking per vaginum, patients who did not give consent and with intrauterine foetal death were excluded. Complete labour record was made. Assessment of maternal outcome was done in terms of mode of delivery and foetal outcome was done in terms of birth weight, Apgar score at one and five-minute, respiratory distress, meconium aspiration, seizures in first 24 hours of life, congenital malformations, neonatal intensive care unit admission and death of baby.Results: A total of 230 pregnant females met the inclusion criteria who were having AFI <5. 121 (53%) females were primigravida and 119 (52%) underwent for caesarean section. Most common indication of LSCS was foetal distress. Apgar score at 1 minute was <7 in 97 (42%) babies and after 5 minutes, it was <7 in 93 (40%) babies. Other neonatal outcome results were IUGR in 59 (26%) babies, meconium aspiration syndrome in 52 (23%) babies, respiratory distress in 92 (40%) babies, congenital malformation in 6 (3%) babies, NICU admission of 93 (40%) babies and neonatal death of 11 (5%) babies.Conclusions: Oligohydramnios increases the chances of maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

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The evaluation of cord blood interleukin-1β levels in normal and caesarean deliveries

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327113499049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 1193-1198 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A Gedikbaşi ◽

Ö Salihoğlu ◽

A Çankaya ◽

V Arica ◽

CH Akkuş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Elective Caesarean Section ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Hypoxic Stress ◽

Foetal Distress ◽

Normal Delivery ◽

Term Neonates

Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to establish the cord blood interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels and asphyxia enzymes in term newborns and their relationship between delivery modes. We investigated whether cord blood level of IL-1β could be used as a reliable marker for detecting hypoxic stress and to determine the optimal cut-off level for IL-1β. Methods: The study was designed prospectively. Cord blood samples were obtained at the time of delivery from 75 noninfected full-term neonates for the purpose of measuring cord blood levels of IL-1β. Women were classified into three groups according to the mode of delivery (20 vaginal delivery, 29 urgent caesarean section (with foetal distress) and 26 elective caesarean section). All cases were followed-up by hospitalization. Umbilical cord sampling was carried out for IL-1β, umbilical artery gas parameters and other asphyxia enzymes at the time of delivery. Cord blood IL-1β was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The perinatal outcomes of the cases were recorded after birth. Demographic characteristics, neonatal outcomes and laboratory findings were compared in all the three groups. Results: IL-1β levels showed statistically significant difference between groups ( p < 0.01). The relationship was found between IL-1β cord blood levels and the mode of delivery. IL-1β levels of urgent caesarean section group were significantly higher than elective caesarean section and normal delivery group ( p:0.001 and p:0.001, respectively). Normal delivery levels were significantly higher than the elective caesarean group ( p:0.001). Conclusion: Urgent section (foetal distress) and vaginal delivery (labour) were each associated with elevated IL-1β cord blood levels in noninfected full-term neonates, while only elective caesarean section was associated with decreased IL-1β levels. For the evaluation of newborns at high risk for perinatal hypoxic stress, cord blood IL-1β levels may lead the way. On the other hand, the mode of delivery may be associated with the effects on the immune system. Further investigations with larger patient groups are required to confirm our results.

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Correlation between amniotic fluid lamellar body concentrations at different gestational ages and respiratory distress syndrome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20185421 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Amruta C. C. ◽

Hema A. Patil

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Lamellar Body ◽

Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Preterm Babies ◽

Body Count

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) also known as hyaline membrane disease is the most common cause of respiratory failure in neonates. The risk of RDS rises in prematurity due to decreased production of surfactant. Lamellar bodies (LB) are storage form of surfactant and are actively secreted into the alveolar space and hence into the amniotic fluid. The objective of the present study was to find out correlation between amniotic fluid lamellar body concentrations (LBC) at different gestational ages and respiratory distress syndromeMethods: The study was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 1 year at department of OBG, SDM college of medical sciences, Dharwad. All women undergoing caesarean section were included in the study. 5 ml of amniotic fluid was collected at the time of Caesarean section and sent to laboratory, Lamellar body concentrations (LBC) was counted in auto analyzer by platelet impedance counting. Incidence of RDS at different gestational age with an LBC cut off 40,500 was calculated.Results: Among 300 patients studied, Respiratory distress was seen in 116 (41.3%) of patients. LBC cut off of 40,500 was chosen. Out of 140 preterm babies, 121 (86.8%) had lamellar body count less than 40,500 and 19 (13.5%) had more than 40,500. There is significant correlation between decreasing lamellar body count in preterms and increasing incidence of RDS.Conclusions: LBC count increases with increasing gestational ages and is inversely proportional to the incidence of RDS in preterm newborns.

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