scholarly journals A study of clinical, etiological and neurodevelopmental profile of epilepsy in children aged 0-5 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Vaishali R. Chanpura ◽  
Hardev T. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Acute Seizures ◽  
Neurological Problem ◽  
One Year ◽  
Systemic Examination

Background: Seizures constitute the most common neurological problem in children. Appropriate diagnosis and management of childhood epilepsy is essential to improve quality of life in them. Objectives of the study were to study the clinical and etiological profile of early childhood epilepsy and its effect on neurodevelopment.Methods: This was a time bound study; duration being one year from September, 2018 to September 2019. All new patients with acute seizures or status epilepticus admitted in paediatric emergency ward were evaluated and those meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled. On the basis of history, neurological and systemic examination and available investigations primary diagnosis of epilepsy was reached. Neurodevelopmental parameters like vision, hearing, and DQ were assessed. EEG was done in all patients. Other relevant investigations like neuroimaging were carried out when indicated. Collected data was analysed in form of frequency and percentage.Results: A total of 52 patients were enrolled. 60% patients were younger than 2 years. Maximum patients had generalised convulsions; generalised tonic-clonic being the most prevalent. 38% patients had significant perinatal complications like perinatal asphyxia, pyogenic meningitis and kernicterus. Fifty per cent patients had delayed milestones and half of those had severe delay. 67% had abnormal EEG and 20 patients had abnormal neuro-imaging findings. The most common etiologies for epilepsy were hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, idiopathic, epilepsy syndromes, metabolic disorders and CNS infections.Conclusions: Majority of early childhood epilepsy is a result of either genetic conditions or perinatal events. They have neurodevelopmental and behavioural associations. While treating epilepsy all these factors should be considered in order to ensure a near-normal life for these patients.

scholarly journals Risk factors and complications of small for gestational age (SGA) in term newborns in first 24 hours after delivery.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 688-694
Author(s):  
Samia Jabeen Joiya ◽  
Muhammad Azam Khan ◽  
Zahid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Pediatric Medicine ◽  
Meconium Aspiration ◽  
Pregnancy Intervals ◽  
Maternal Hypertension ◽  
One Year ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Objectives: To determine the frequency of risk factors and acute complications for SGA in term new borns during first 24 hours after delivery. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishter Hospital, Multan. Period: 15 Aug 2014 to 30 Apr 2015. Material & Methods: A total of 157 term babies, delivered in labor room in Nishter hospital Multan were evaluated in 24 hours of birth. Mother of each SGA baby was examined regarding history, clinical examination and nutritional status were noted. SGA babies were completely monitored for 24 hours in the department of pediatric medicine for complications. Results: There were 88 (56.1%) male and 69 (43.9%) female. Mean age and weight of the patients at the time of presentation were 12.73 + 6.65 hours and 2.03 + 0.65 Kg respectively. Among mothers, 61.1% were nulliparous, anemia was found in 47.8%, inter pregnancy intervals of less than or equal to one year in 58.6% and hypertension in 61.8%. Among SGA babies, perinatal asphyxia was found to be present in 63.7%, meconium aspiration in 51%, hypothermia in 37.6%, hypoglycemia in 24.2%, hypocalcaemia in 32.5%, polycythemia in 47.1% and thrombocytopenia in 41.4%. Conclusion: Maternal hypertension, nulliparity, short inter pregnancy interval and anemia were frequently encountered risk factors for SGA babies. The most frequently encountered perinatal complications observed were perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration, polycythemia, thrombocytopenia, hypothermia, hypocalcaemia and hypoglycemia in decreasing order of frequency.

CRYSTALLINE RETINOPATHY WITH PERIFOVEAL TELANGIECTASIA – A CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Vishal Agrawal ◽  
Anushree Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Telangiectasia ◽  
Macular Holes ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Systemic Examination ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Foveal Cavitation

We report a case of Macular Telangiectasia type 2 with crystalline retinopathy in a 42 year old female complaining of gradual decrease of vision in both eyes for the past one year. Both eye fundus showed perifoveal refractile crystals with lamellar macular holes. A diagnosis of crystalline retinopathy was made. Other causes of crystals were ruled out based on history, systemic examination, multimodal imaging & laboratory work-up. Presence of dilated perifoveal deep capillary plexus, foveal cavitation & temporal leakage on FFA conrmed association with Macular Telangiectasia. To our knowledge, there is no thorough documentation of crystalline reti-nopathy reported in Indian population.

3333Contemporary mortality rates in myocardial infarction patients in Sweden: a tale of two registries

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Siverskog ◽  
M Janzon ◽  
L.-Å Levin ◽  
J Alfredsson ◽  
M Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Quality Registry ◽  
Mortality Outcome ◽  
Mortality Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Sweden has contributed to the understanding of the long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) utilising the quality registry SWEDEHEART, including patients admitted to heart intensive care, and the National Patient Registry (PAR), based on administrative records for Swedish hospitals. As registration procedures differ between the registries, and not all MI patients are admitted to heart intensive care, MI patients identified in SWEDEHEART and PAR, respectively, will yield different cohorts of patients. This may result in different epidemiological research findings regarding prognosis after MI. Purpose To study MI populations identified in SWEDEHEART and PAR, respectively, and investigate potential differences in mortality outcome. Methods Patients hospitalised with an MI primary diagnosis (ICD-10 I21) between 2002 and 2015 were identified using SWEDEHEART and PAR. The analysis time started at the date of hospital admission and survivors were followed for 365 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate survival by cohort category controlling for age and gender. Results Excluding cases with invalid data (n=1,905), 225,612 and 282,118 SWEDEHEART and PAR patients, respectively, were identified. We found 213,367 patients in both SWEDEHEART and PAR, whereas 12,245 and 68,751 patients were unique to SWEDEHEART and PAR, respectively. The one-year survival probability after MI in the SWEDEHEART population was 0.841, compared to 0.788 in PAR (Figure). This discrepancy can be explained by high mortality among patients not covered by SWEDEHEART and persists after controlling for age and gender (Table). To what extent differences in registration procedures and other patient characteristics can explain the mortality difference is an area for further research. One-year survival by age and gender Age ± 1 year Male Female PAR S.H. Diff. PAR S.H. Diff. 65 0.922 0.936 0.015 0.919 0.936 0.017 70 0.893 0.909 0.016 0.889 0.908 0.019 75 0.829 0.858 0.029 0.834 0.860 0.026 80 0.743 0.783 0.040 0.768 0.800 0.033 85 0.625 0.677 0.052 0.662 0.705 0.042 One-year survival after MI Conclusion Estimated one-year survival for MI patients differs by up to 5 percentage points depending on the registry used. Although further research is needed to fully understand these differences, epidemiological findings regarding MI prognosis should be interpreted in light of registry type used and population represented. Acknowledgement/Funding Region Östergötland

Role of Embodied Movement in Assessing Creative Behavior in Early Childhood: A Focused Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Frith ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Stephanie E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Creative Behavior ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Interactive Play

The controlled measurement of creative potential in early childhood is imperative for researchers seeking to fully understand the initial emergence and development of creativity. Evidence for original ideation has been demonstrated in infants as young as one year old, through their performance of movement-based, interactive creativity tasks. In this focused review of developmental research, we suggest that embodied movements and interactive play may uniquely facilitate creative thinking in early childhood (i.e., from birth to age six). From this review, we propose that embodied movement reinforces physical interactions that influence cognitions underlying creative behavior. Embodied creativity may supplement traditional creativity measures, as young children may be more inclined to represent their inner thoughts and experiences through movement rather than through language alone. Thus, we explored the importance of embodied creativity as a means of informing current researchers about the development of creativity, and we suggest future experimental research in this area.

Predictors for readmission within one year after discharge from an alcohol rehabilitation program

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S115-S115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Müller ◽  
G. Weniger ◽  
S. Prinz ◽  
S. Vetter ◽  
S. Egger
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcohol Rehabilitation ◽  
Opioid Use Disorders ◽  
One Year ◽  
Time Of Admission

IntroductionAlcohol use disorders have been associated with an increased risk of frequent readmissions. This study aimed to examine factors that contribute to the risk for readmission within one year after discharge from an alcohol rehabilitation program.MethodsRehospitalization status was assessed for all patients with an alcohol use disorder as primary diagnosis (n = 468) admitted to our inpatient unit between July 1, 2012, and June 30, 2014. All patients were followed up for one year after their first hospitalization (index hospitalization) within this period. Time to readmission within one year after discharge was measured using the Kaplan–Meier method. Risk factors for readmission were examined using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Three set of variables were selected to be included in the analyses:– demographic features at time of admission of index hospitalization;– comorbid conditions at time of admission of index hospitalization;– treatment-related variables in relation to the index hospitalization including observer-rated outcome measures.ResultsReadmissions within one year after discharge from an alcohol rehabilitation program as well as the corresponding time to readmission were linked to higher numbers of previous hospitalizations and the presence of comorbid opioid use disorders.ConclusionHigher numbers of past treatments for AUD are indicators for a chronic course of the disorder, which, in turn, increase the risk of further relapses. Our findings further confirmed previous findings suggesting high rates of comorbidity among alcohol and opioid use disorders, and their link with poorer clinical outcomes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Early childhood language memory in the speech perception of international adoptees

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET S. OH ◽  
TERRY KIT-FONG AU ◽  
SUN-AH JUN
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Language Background ◽  
First Semester ◽  
International Adoptees ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
The Us ◽  
One Year ◽  
Phoneme Identification

ABSTRACTIt is as yet unclear whether the benefits of early linguistic experiences can be maintained without at least some minimal continued exposure to the language. This study compared 12 adults adopted from Korea to the US as young children (all but one prior to age one year) to 13 participants who had no prior exposure to Korean to examine whether relearning can aid in accessing early childhood language memory. All 25 participants were recruited and tested during the second week of first-semester college Korean language classes. They completed a language background questionnaire and interview, a childhood slang task and a Korean phoneme identification task. Results revealed an advantage for adoptee participants in identifying some Korean phonemes, suggesting that some components of early childhood language memory can remain intact despite many years of disuse, and that relearning a language can help in accessing such a memory.

Oxcarbazepine in the Treatment of Early Childhood Epilepsy

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 496-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eija Gaily ◽  
Marja-Liisa Granström ◽  
Elina Liukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy

scholarly journals Parents´ Knowledge about the Effects of Oral Hygiene, Proper Nutrition and Fluoride Prophylaxis on Oral Health in Early Childhood

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrija Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Preventive Dentistry ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

SummaryBackground/Aim: Health education, as one of the important aspects of preventive dentistry, plays an important role in promoting and achieving good oral health. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of parents´ knowledge about the effects of oral hygiene, proper nutrition and fluoride prophylaxis on oral heath in early childhood. Material andMethods: Parents were asked to fill a questionnaire which consisted of three sections, oral hygiene, fluoride prophylaxis and nutrition. The study included 136 parents of children, aged between 3-6 years. The survey was conducted in pedagogical-education institution - PE “Our happiness” - Leposavic, Kosovo and Metohia, Serbia. Results: More than 58% parents from urban areas and 63% parents from rural areas were informed that the teeth should be brushed at least twice a day (p=0.007). Only 31.11% of parents from urban and 15.22% of parents from rural areas were informed that a child should visit dentists for the first time, at the one year of age (p=0.083). The analysis of the questionnaire section regarding the nutrition and oral health, showed that parents from rural areas were better informed than parents from urban areas. Awareness about fluoride and their role in preventive dentistry was poor, as only 3% of children from urban and 1% of children from rural areas were using tablets based on fluoride while only 1% of children from urban and none from rural areas were using fluoride mouth rinses. Conclusions: The study showed that parents have the knowledge about the impact of oral hygiene, food and fluoride prophylaxis on the oral health but unfortunately they do not apply their knowledge in practice.

scholarly journals STEM in English for Early Childhood Ecological Awareness in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Picture Books ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
One Year

Changes in curricula, publication policy and information technology, notably in China have led to concentrations in the role of STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education in early childhood and applauded to proliferations of imported up-to-date reading materials and mobile apps in English. This paper proposes a longitude study of a Chinese toddler learning STEM by reading picture books and playing with tablet and suggests new horizons in parenting and in STEM education during children's early years. The present study carried out from 2016, when the participant reached one year old, eligible to learn to speak and to concentrate on the picture books read by parents who had filled a language background questionnaire with information on themselves and the participant. Tablet playing brought about for the two-year-old toddler and collections of STEM books in English was added for the second year. Data collection lasted for two years with an iLab video camera, capturing utterances and motions for five minutes per week transcribed by VoiceScript software. Tests were given quarterly at private home by tapping in mobile app "Bilingual Child Learning" which consists of 20 basic STEM themes before scores were collected. Findings indicate that (1) it is accessible for children of very early years to be engaged in English STEM resources, (2) kids' limited English dominance does not impede learning STEM, (3) and to think in English in early STEM contributes to children's English.

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