scholarly journals Non fermentative gram negative bacilli as nosocomial pathogens: Identification and antibiotic sensitivity in clinical samples of indoor patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sharma ◽  
N Vyas ◽  
P Sinha ◽  
A Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Medical Icus

Background: Non fermenting gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) are usually considered to be non pathogenic commensals of little significance, however, data suggest that they are remarkable because of antimicrobial resistance; propensity to cause outbreaks and complex epidemiology. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of NFGNB from various clinical samples.Methods: A total of 519 samples were received from patients suspected of having hospital acquired infections (HAI), admitted in Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India. Organisms grown on culture were subjected to phenotypic identification along with antimicrobial sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method.Results: Among 366 culture positive samples, 94 (25.6%) NFGNB were isolated. Maximum pevalence prevalence was found in burn ward i.e. 76.7 % followed by surgical wards 71.0%, surgical ICUs 69.6% and medical ICUs 68.0 %. Highest yield was found in pus/wound samples (95.5%) while it was only 23.7% in blood samples. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate (48.9%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (33%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (13.8%) and Burkholderia cepacia complex (4.3%). P.aeruginosa and A. baumanii strains were most sensitive to Meropenem. S.maltophilia showed maximum sensitivity with ticarcillin/ clavulanic acid and B. cepacia complex with Piperacillin/ Tazobactam.Conclusion: Isolation of NFGNB and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern should be regarded with all seriousness in clinical practice and epidemiology because they are emerging nosocomial pathogens and by being resistant to multiple antibiotics, their prevalence not only limits the treatment options but also act as a reservoir of drug resistance genes.Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.3(2) 2014: 101-105

scholarly journals TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Hemwani ◽  
P. S. Nirwan ◽  
Preeti Shrivastava ◽  
Abhiraj Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread. Keywords:  Nonfermenters,  Polymyxin-B, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

scholarly journals ARBEKACIN – A RAY OF HOPE TO FIGHT AGAINST MDR AND XDR GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN A SCIENTIFIC AND COST-EFFECTIVE WAY IN INDIAN SCENARIO

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
SOMA SARKAR ◽  
DIPANKAR SARKAR ◽  
ANJUM NAMHATA ◽  
MANIDEEPA SENGUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective: The objective of the study was to see the in vitro activity of arbekacin, a novel aminoglycoside, against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) so that it can become a good alternative as empirical treatment for severe sepsis. Methods: Identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing of the GNB isolated from the clinical samples were done using the VITEK-II system in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata. MDR and XDR strains were selected by their definitions and molecular characterization was done by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of arbekacin was detected by the E-test strip and compared with other aminoglycosides. Results: A total of 140 drug-resistant strains including ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing GNB were selected for the study. Arbekacin showed reduced values of MIC50 and MIC90 compared to other aminoglycosides for most of the drug-resistant GNB. Conclusion: Hence, in this drug-resistant era, arbekacin with the advantage of a single daily dose can be used as an empirical choice in severe sepsis as monotherapy or in combination with other antibiotics such as colistin or polymyxin to fight against MDR and XDR bugs.

scholarly journals Drug resistance pattern analysis of various organisms isolated from neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Kausik Kumar Sarangi ◽  
Dipti Pattnaik ◽  
Surya Narayan Mishra ◽  
Manas Kumar Nayak ◽  
Jagadananda Jena
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background: Neonatal septicaemia is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of generalized bacteraemia with a positive blood culture in the first four weeks of life. This study was designed to detect Multi Drug Resistant pattern from organisms in neonatal septicaemic cases. The aim of the study is to find the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and drug resistance pattern (ESBL, MBL, Carbapenemase, AmpC β-lactamase, MRSA) among the organisms isolated.  Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology in association with Dept. of Paediatrics and NICU, of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during the period from November 2012 - April 2014. The study was conducted on 250 patients. The inclusion criteria are neonates with suspected septicaemia, admitted to NICU, of KIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Two ml of venous blood from each neonate was collected & cultured by automated method. Phenotypic confirmatory tests for ESBL production and MBL detection was done as per CLSI guideline. MRSA detection was done by Cefoxitin disk (30 mcg) screen test.  Results: All gram positive pathogenic isolates were sensitive to Linezolid, Tigecycline and Vancomycin. Maximum resistance was seen against Benzylpenicilin and Ampicillin. Among the gram-negative isolates maximum antibiotic sensitivity was observed for Tigecycline, Levofloxacin and amikacin & resistance was maximum for cefadroxil and Ampicilin. Among the gram negative bacterial pathogens ESBL production was maximum by E.coli (75%) and Burkholderia cepacia (75%) followed by Enterobacter cloacae (66.7%) and Acinetobacter iwoffi (50%). Metallo- beta- lactamase production was seen maximum in Acinetobacter iwoffi (100%) followed by Burkholderia cepacia (75%). Methicillin resistance was seen maximum by S. epidermidis (58.3%) followed by S. haemolyticus, S. aereus, S. warneri and S. hominis.Conclusions: This study facilitated the screening of MRSA, ESBL and MBL producing pathogens which are an emerging problem. Long term surveillance is needed to combat this emerging global challenge.

scholarly journals EMERGENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII IN HOSPITAL FACILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Anania Arjuna ◽  
Dinobandhu Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACTObjective: Nosocomial infections or Hospital acquired infection (HAI) are one of the major threats to hospitalized patients as well as for the hospitalassociated personnel. In last few years there is a gross change in causative agents, new organisms have come out with great threat to hospitals as theypossess antibiotic resistance property e.g. production of biofilm, production of enzymes such as β- lactamases. Among many organisms, Acinetobacterbaumannii has emerged as a potent nosocomial pathogen. Our objective of this study was to find the burden of Acinetobacter baumannii infectionswhich are associated as nosocomial infections and to determine the drug of choice for an effective treatment.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected from patients of different unit of the hospital by maintaining universal precautions and standardmicrobiological protocols. All the respective specimens were cultured in respective culture medium i.e. MacConkey agar, blood agar, chocolate agar,cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar and, fluid thioglycolate (TG) medium at 37˚C for 24-48 hours. After incubation of 24-48 hours cultureplates were examined for bacterial growth and identification and antibiotic sensitivity test was made by Vitek2 compact.Result: The study was conducted at the department of microbiology from January 2016 to April 2016. A total of 2582 specimens were collected andprocessed for identification and sensitivity testing. Specimens of all age group (2 days- 93 years) and both sexes were processed for identificationof A. baumannii and antibiotic sensitivity testing. A total of 119 isolates (4.60%) of A. baumannii were obtained from 2582 clinical specimens. Themost common infection A. baumannii was found as lower respiratory tract infection (89.07%) followed by abscess (6.72%), septicaemia (2.52%),urinary tract infections (0.84%), and soft tissue infections (0.84%). The maximum sensitivity of A. baumannii isolates were seen to Colistin (CL) (119,100%), followed by Tigecycline (TGC) (63, 52.94%) and Minocycline (MIN) (27, 22.69%). The maximum resistant was observed for Imipenem (IMI),Aztreonam (AZT) and Ticarcillin- clavulanic acid (TIC) (119, 100%).Conclusion: The Gram- negative coccobacillus, Acinetobacter baumannii poses a formidable threat to patients. It has emerged as a superbug inhospital environment particularly in ICU units. The chances of A. baumannii infections increase in the presence of iatrogenic factors like inadequatelong- term antibiotic therapy and new interventions in a medical facility. To control the burden of Acinetobacter infections new therapies suchas combine therapy must be obtained and followed with proper dose as recommend by physicians; along with awareness of the importance ofthis infection should be implicated. Proper sanitation, good housekeeping, sterilization of equipment, hand hygiene, water purification, isolationprocedures and maintaining of the hospital environment, use of infection control practices are some of the measures to control the transmission ofAcinetobacter spp. among hospital personnel.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Biofilm, β-lactamases, Hospital acquired infection.

scholarly journals Clinico-microbial profile in chronic suppurative otitis media and its management in tertiary care centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Rashmi Ramashesh ◽  
Samira Abdul Wajid ◽  
Smitha Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Pseudomonas Species

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is an ever growing concern of preventable hearing loss and is a major health concern especially in tropical countries. Lack of cleanliness, overcrowding, poverty, malnutrition and medical ignorance are few of the contributing factors. The microbiological flora is constantly changing due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics with rapid change in the antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the epidemiological profile, bacteriological profile and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern which would help in establishing a protocol in management of CSOM patients in the hospital.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 100 patients of CSOM attending the ENT Outpatient Department of The Oxford medical College, Hospital and Research Centre were included in the study. The samples were immediately sent to the Microbiology laboratory for further processing according to standard procedure.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 100 cases, 74 were active mucosal type and 26 were active squamous, with Pseudomonas species (33.6%) being the predominant organism. <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was the next common organism with MSSA (16.3%) and MRSA (12.5%), CONS were 6.7%. Among the 28 gram-negative bacilli, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (7.7%), was followed by <em>Escherichia coli</em> (5.7%), and <em>Proteus mirabilis</em> (4.8%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pseudomonas species and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> are the commonest organisms of CSOM. Ciprofloxacin can be used as a topical agent for treating gram-negative bacilli. Among systemic antibiotics- Linezolid, Amikacin and Imepenam remains the drug of choice.</p><p><br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Microorganisms Isolated from Vaginal Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalakshmi Narayana-Swamy ◽  
Padmasri Ramalingappa ◽  
Urvashi Bhatara
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The vagina contains dozens of microbiological species in variable quantities and is, therefore, considered a complex environment. Among the microorganisms, bacteria have important repercussions on women’s health. The present study was conducted to elucidate this type of vaginal isolates and their sensitivity towards currently used antibiotics. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sapthagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2012 to December 2013. All symptomatic women who had a high vaginal swab taken for culture and sensitivity testing were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method (modified Kirby-Bauer’s method). The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated microorganisms were studied. Results: Out of 200 patients, 95% had positive vaginal cultures. Fifteen types of microorganisms were isolated. The highest frequency of infection was seen at the age of 20-30 years, followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years, and a low frequency of infection was observed above 50 years of age. The most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae and diphtheroids with equal incidence. Among the antibiotics tested, isolated pathogens were completely resistant to nalidixic acid and highly sensitive to meropenem and imepenem. Conclusion: The high prevalence of gynaecological infections demands that patients with symptoms undergo thorough investigation with cultures and sensitivity essays. Changes in treatment protocols are required to treat vaginal infections effectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital Coimbatore

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4886
Author(s):  
Vijayashree V. ◽  
Saikeerthana D. ◽  
Prabha P.
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The genus Klebsiella of Enterobacteriaceae family is ubiquitous in nature. They cause many nosocomial infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, wound infections, bacteremia and septicemia. Multidrug resistance is seen in Klebsiella which serves as the most common cause of increased morbidity and mortality. This study reveals the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella species from various clinical samples. The primary objectives are as follows: To isolate and characterize Klebsiella species from various clinical samples. To study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella isolates.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in our tertiary care hospital during the period from August 2019 to October 2019. A total of 3521 samples were tested during this period. The samples include blood, sputum, urine, and pus.Results: Out of the total samples tested,1106 samples were showing the growth of the organisms. Among this,351 were identified as Klebsiella species and the highest rate of isolation of Klebsiella species is from the sputum sample and also the same was reported high in medical wards. The study also shows that the isolation of Klebsiella species shows male preponderance when compared to females. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern was done by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method and the sensitivity was noted to be higher to amikacin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusions: Thus, this study shows the prevalence rate of Klebsiella species and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella, which may help select appropriate antibiotics and prevent overuse and misuse of antibiotics.

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