Prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in HIV/AIDS persons and correlation with CD4 count, HAART drug and duration of illness

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by decrease in CD4 cell count and immunodeficiency, leading to opportunistic infections (OIs) and tumors. Objective of this study was to find out any association between thyroid function abnormality and CD4 count, duration of disease and ART drugs.Methods: Among 300 HIV/AIDS Persons attending ART centre, M.Y. Hospital, or attending general OPD, or admitted as in patients Dept. of Medicine, MGM Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore, India.Results: Amongst 300 HIV patients,62 (20.66%) had thyroid dysfunction, most common being subclinical hypothyroidism (24/300, 8.0%) followed by sick euthyroid (17/300, 5.6%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (13/300, 4.3%). Overt hypothyroidism was present in 5 of 300 (1.66%) patients and overt hyperthyroidism was present in 3 of 300 (1.0%) patients. 25 of 152 (16.44%) and 37 of 148 (25%) male and female HIV patients had thyroid function abnormality. Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more observed in old HIV patients (42/150, 28.0%) than in newly diagnosed HIV patient’s group (20/150, 13.33%).Conclusions: This prevalence being fairly high, it can be suggested that all retro positive patients, recently diagnosed and on treatment also may be subjected for routine thyroid function testing.

Download Full-text

THYROID PROFILE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED HIV PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF NORTH BENGAL-A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

10.36106/1600142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Arun kumar Saha ◽

Achintya Narayan Ray ◽

Debasis Chakrabarti ◽

Dipanjan Bandyopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

North Bengal

Background: HIV infection can lead to thyroid gland endocrinopathy. There is limited data regarding prevalence, pattern and correlates associated with thyroid dysfunction in India. The study will help to assess whether universal screening of thyroid function should be enforced in HIV infected patients. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and pattern of thyroid dysfunction and also to nd out association between thyroid dysfunction with other factors like age, gender, and CD4 count in newly diagnosed HIV infected patients attending North Bengal Medical College. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 95 HIV infected patients attending indoor and outdoor of North Bengal Medical College and Hospital after fullment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using predesigned pre tested schedule after having informed consent and subjected to clinical and laboratory examination. Collected data were analysed using SPSS statistical software and presented using principles of descriptive statistics. Results: Overall 34.7% of study subjects had thyroid dysfunction. Mostly found dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism (23.2%). Direct correlation was observed between T3, T4, CD4 Count whereas TSH was inversely correlated with all others parameters. Conclusion: Biochemical abnormalities in thyroid function is commoner among patients with HIV. The severity of hypothyroidism is inversely correlated with CD4 counts. The screening of thyroid function in HIV patients thus indicated to improve the quality of life.

Download Full-text

Status of Thyroid Function among Patients of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital

Med Phoenix ◽

10.3126/medphoenix.v5i1.31420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 64-70

Author(s):

Anup Shamsher Budhathoki ◽

Suprita Gupta ◽

Sanjay Kumar Sah ◽

Navin Kumar Sah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Central Laboratory ◽

National Medical College ◽

Medical College ◽

National Medical ◽

High Prevalence

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrinopathies after Diabetes Mellitus. Thyroid dysfunction is defined as the alteration in Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) with normal or abnormal thyroid hormones. Nepalese population have a high risk for thyroid dysfunction with a high prevalence of iodine deficiency. Objective: To study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the patients visiting National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal for checkup and suggested to assess thyroid function. Materials and Methods: The hospital-based study was conducted in Central Laboratory, National Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Birgunj in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry. Total 7040 patients visiting Central Laboratory for thyroid function assessment were included in the study between July 2017 to December 2019. The venous blood sample was collected and serum-free triiodothyronine(fT3), free tetraiodothyronine(fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was estimated by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method using Access 2 Beckman Coulter analyser. (Beckman Coulter Inc., California, USA). Results: Among 7040 subjects under study, 2138(30%) were found to have thyroid dysfunction with 13% having subclinical hypothyroidism, about 8% of overt hypothyroidism, about 4% with subclinical hyperthyroidism and 5% with overt hyperthyroidism. Majority of the thyroid dysfunction study group belonged to the 16-30 years age group followed by 31-45 years. Mean±SE for TSH, fT4 and fT3 levels show statistically significant differences in different thyroid disorders. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism followed by overt hypothyroidism among the patients visiting National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal. A higher percentage of females were found to have thyroid dysfunction compared to male.

Download Full-text

Antiretroviral Service to HIV Patients of low CD4 Count in Seti Zonal Hospital

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.189 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 48 (173) ◽

Author(s):

Bidhan Nidhi Paudel ◽

SR Chaudhary ◽

S Sharma ◽

GP Dhunagana ◽

P Paydel

Keyword(s):

Late Stage ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Normal Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Select Group ◽

Hiv Aids

INTRODUCTION:Due to unavailability of vaccine against HIV/AIDS, there are no ways other than relying on ART. We select group of late stage HIV/AIDS with CD4<50 so that opportunistic infections and outcome of patients in this late stage of severe immunosuppression after initiation of ART can be knownMETHODS:A cross sectional study was carried out in 53 HIV patients with CD4 count <50 cells/cu mm blood undergoing ART in Seti Zonal Hospital Dhangadi between December 2006 and May 2008 with objectives to explore the treatment outcome in this late stage of immunosuppression. Only those patients with CD4 count <50 were consecutively selected and recommended for various laboratory test on the basis of which ART regimen were prescribed.RESULTS:Among 53 patients, 42 (79.2%) were males and 11 (20.8%) were females, with predominant age group of 30-40 years (49.1%). Fever (71.7%), diarrhea (56.6%), pneumonia (52.8%), weight loss (52.8%) and oral thrush (33.9%) were found to be the major clinical presentation/Opportunistic infections. 19 (35.8%) patients showed normal activity throughout the treatment period with increase in CD4 count, 10 (19%) were recovered and transferred out. Only 1 (1.8%) showed decrease in CD4 count even after taking ART. Significant relationship was established between the intake of ART and increase in CD4 level (pair t = 7.88, p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:ART service was found to be efficient enough to increase the CD4 count significantly after 6 months of therapy but the prevalence of OIs/clinical manifestations were sufficiently higher in this group of patients with low CD4 count.Keywords: antiretroviral therapy, cell count, fever, opportunistic infections

Download Full-text

Haematological Profile of Hiv Patients In Relation to Immune Status in Kumasi, A Case Study.

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v6i8.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (08) ◽

pp. 4554-4558 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Ntiamoah Ofosu ◽

Yeboah Marfo- Debrekyei ◽

Joana Duah ◽

Lilian Donkor ◽

Eddie-Wiiliams Owiredu

Keyword(s):

Informal Education ◽

Immune Status ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Strong Association ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Cd4 Cells ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Haematological Profile ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents the most common cause of acquired immune deficiency leading to AIDS. CD4 is found on immune cells like T cells, macrophages and monocyte. HIV infects CD4 cells and in the absence of suitable therapy leads to CD4 cell lymphopenia. The progressive decline in CD4 cells eventually leads to the development of haematological abnormalities, opportunistic infections, wasting, cancer and death. Aim: The study compared the haematological profiles to the CD4 count among HIV patients attending ART at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Obuasi Government Hospital. Materials and Method: a cross sectional analytical study involving 385 selected patients with HIV in Ashanti Region was done. CD4 count and Full blood count were performed to determine the immune status of the patients and haematological parameters. Results: Out of 385 HIV patients enrolled in the study, the mean age, weight, and duration of therapy was 40.62 years old, 58.33 kg, and 6.17 years respectively. A higher proportion of the study participants were females (73.7%), married (42.7%), had HIV-1 (97.7%) and informal education (83.0%). CD4 count was directly associated with haemoglobin levels (r=0.32), WBC count (r= 0.23) especially with neutrophils. However, CD4 count was negatively associated with lymphocyte count (r= -0.14). Conclusion: This study revealed that there is a strong association between CD4 counts and the severity of anemia and neutropenia in HIV/AIDS patients. Anemia and neutropenia in HIV patients can be considered as good clinical indicators to predict and access the underlying immune status. KEY WORDS: HIV/AIDS, CD4 count, neutropenia,

Download Full-text

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE THYROID FUNCTION IN SERO POSITIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i11.2299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Ashok Kumar Vedwal ◽

Pankaj Mangal ◽

P D Meena ◽

C L Nawal

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

General Medicine ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Medical College ◽

Observational Descriptive Study ◽

Thyroid Dysfunctions

Background: The thyroid dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis is well-known but unfortunately there are only few studies available in our country to assess the thyroid function in RA patients. Methods: It was a Hospital based observational, descriptive study . Upgraded department of General Medicine, SMS Medical College and AttachedHospitals, (Jaipur). Results: Maximum patients 208(80.00%) are euthyroid followed by 28(10.77%) are overt - hypothyroidism, 22(8.46%) subclinical hypothyroidism and 2 patients (0.77%) are subclinical hyperthyroidism patients Conclusion: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in rheumatoid arthritis is high and associated with thyroid autoimmunity and suggested that allrheumatoid arthritis patients should go for thyroid functions. Hence, it is advisable to screen the patients of rheumatoid arthritis for thyroid dysfunction so that early identification and treatment can provide a healthier life ahead. Keywords: NAFLD, TSH, T3, T4.

Download Full-text

Efektivitas Intervensi Depresi dan Jumlah CD4 pada Orang yang Hidup dengan HIV

Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa ◽

10.32584/jikj.v3i1.473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Richal Grace Zefanya Uly ◽

Untung Sujianto ◽

Madya Sulisno

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv Aids

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome timbul akibat rusaknya sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV). Penderita penyakit HIV/AIDS semakin meningkat secara signifikan setiap tahunnya. Masalah yang dialami ODHA sangat kompleks salah satunya yaitu depresi. Depresi pada pasien HIV/AIDS disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya yaitu karena jumlah CD4 yang menurun. Tujuan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan systematic review bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih tentang intervensi terhadap depresi dan jumlah CD4 pasien HIV. Metode systematic review dilakukan dengan mencari literatur-literatur yang terkait dengan tema yang diambil. Pencarian literatur diambil dari scient direct, EBSCO, proquest dan google scholar. Kata kunci yang dimasukan dalam pencarian artikel ini antara lain “intervention”, “depression”, “CD4 count patient HIV”. Pencarian literatur dibatasi dari tahun 2014-2020, artikel diseleksi dan didapatkan 18 artikel yang sesuai dengan metode RCT, RCP, quasi experiment dan cross sectional. Hasil artikel yang didapat berasal dari beberapa negara, dari 18 penelitian mayoritas studi dilakukan di negara Indonesia dan dibeberapa negara lainnya, sedangkan intervensi terbanyak yaitu dengan melakukan berbagai macam jenis exercise (yoga, aerobik) dan mindfulness untuk penurunan depresi, sebagiannya dapat meningkatan jumlah CD4 pasien HIV. Kesimpulan tinjauan ini membantu menginformasikan beberapa intervensi yang dapat dilakukan pada ODHA, dapat menghemat biaya dan sederhana untuk dilakukan untuk menurunkan depresi dan meningkatkan jumlah CD4 pada ODHA. Kata kunci: depresi, intervensi, jumlah CD4 pasien HIV EFFECTIVENESS OF DEPRESSION INTERVENTIONS AND CD4 COUNT FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV ABSTRACTAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) arises due to damage to the human immune system caused by infection with the Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV). HIV / AIDS sufferers are increasing significantly every year. Problems experienced by people living with HIV are very complex one of which is depression. Depression in HIV / AIDS patients is caused by many factors, one of which is due to a decreased CD4 cell count. Purpose this study uses a systematic review approach aimed at gaining a better understanding of interventions for depression and CD4 counts of HIV patients. Method Systematic review is done by looking for literature related to the theme taken. Literature search was taken from scient direct, EBSCO, proquest and google scholar. Keywords included in the search for this article include "intervention", "depression", "CD4 count patient HIV". Literature search was limited from 2014-2020, articles were selected and 18 articles were found in accordance with the RCT, RCP, quasi experiment and cross sectional methods. Results articles obtained from several countries, from 18 studies the majority of studies conducted in Indonesia and in several other countries, while the most interventions are by doing various types of exercise (yoga, aerobics) and mindfulness to reduce depression, some of which can increase the CD4 count of HIV patients / AIDS. Conclusion this review helps inform some of the interventions that can be carried out in people living with HIV, can save costs and is simple to do to reduce depression and increase CD4 counts in people living with HIV. Keywords: depression, intervention, CD4 cell count of HIV patients

Download Full-text

Neuro-psychiatric co morbidity in HIV/AIDS; and effect of alcohol in CD4 count in HIV patients

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/1471-2334-14-s3-e26 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (S3) ◽

Author(s):

Biswadeep Borthakur ◽

Dhruba Jyoti Borah ◽

Supria Kumar Mandal ◽

Kamala Deka ◽

Saumitra Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cd4 Count ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Hiv Aids

Download Full-text

Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its effects on fetomaternal outcome in pregnant women of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 4379

Author(s):

Ankita Kumari ◽

Reena Srivastav ◽

Shaila Mitra

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Medical College ◽

Thyroid Screening ◽

Fetal Complications ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Background: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.Methods: This was a prospective observational study undertaken at antenatal clinics and indoor of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur. Total 720 antenatal women, ≤20 weeks of gestation were recruited for the study. In all patients’ routine obstetrical investigations and thyroid function tests were done. All patients were followed up to delivery. Maternal and perinatal outcome were ascertained.Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among pregnant was found to be 21.1% and subclinical hypothyroidism (15.9%) was the commonest thyroid disorder. Most common complication observed in subclinical and overt hypothyroidism was preeclampsia (9.56 % versus 20%) followed by preterm labour (7.82% versus 10%). Major fetal complications in hypothyroid mothers included intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and stillbirth.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be high in our study and was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; hence, thyroid screening should be included in routine antenatal investigations.

Download Full-text

Association between ultrasonography echogenicity and heterogeneity and thyroid function in autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases in children and adolescents

10.21203/rs.3.rs-557677/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ji Eun Park ◽

Sook Min Hwang ◽

Ji-Young Hwang ◽

Jin Hee Moon ◽

Ik Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Ultrasound ◽

Thyroid Status ◽

Children And Adolescent ◽

Overt Hyperthyroidism

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the association between thyroid echogenicity and heterogeneity seen on ultrasonography (US) and thyroid function in pediatric and adolescent populations with autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases (AITD).Methods: From 2000 to 2020, we reviewed thyroid ultrasound (US) images and thyroid function statuses in 133 children and adolescent AITD patients. Our review of the images focused on decreased echogenicity and heterogeneity, which were classified into four grades.Results: Among patients with overt hypothyroidism or overt hyperthyroidism, 94.2% (65/69) showed a US grade of 3 or 4. In patients with subclinical hyper/hypothyroidism or euthyroidism, 45.3% (29/64) showed grades 1 or 2. There were no overt hyper/hypothyroidism patients with US grade 1. When we compared US grades according to thyroid status, more severe thyroid dysfunction was significantly associated with higher US grade (p=0.047). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level differed significantly according to US grades when we evaluated hyperthyroid (p=0.035) and hypothyroid (p=0.027) states independently. 11 patients showed both US grade and thyroid function status changes on follow-up US.Conclusions: In children and adolescent AITD patients, there was an association between decreased echogenicity and heterogeneity on US and thyroid dysfunction.

Download Full-text

Mucocutaneous disorders in HIV/AIDS at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal: An observational study

Our Dermatology Online ◽

10.7241/ourd.20212.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 101-105

Author(s):

Prabhat Singh Rajput ◽

Anil Kumar Das ◽

Upama Paudel ◽

Sudip Parajuli

Keyword(s):

Viral Infections ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Oral Ulcers ◽

The Mean ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV infections are common. However, they have not, so far, been studied in Nepal. The aim of this study was, therefore, to describe mucocutaneous manifestations in Nepalese HIV patients. Materials and Methods: The following is a hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology and Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Center of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) from May 2017, through October 2018. Patients aged 16 years and above diagnosed with HIV were included in the study, for whom history and clinical examinations were performed. The study variables were age, sex, a clinical diagnosis of dermatological problems, clinical stages of HIV/AIDS, as per the World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria, and the CD4 count. Results: A total of 52 patients were included in the study. The mean age upon presentation was 38.77 ± 10.9 years. The mean CD4 count was 464.27 ± 255.13. Females were more affected than males (female:male = 1.4:1). Mucocutaneous manifestations were the following: fungal infections (10; 19.3%), viral infections (6; 11.6%), parasitic infestations (3; 5.8%), bacterial infections (4; 7.7%), sexually transmitted infections (2; 3.8%), seborrheic dermatitis (3; 5.8%), idiopathic pruritus (3; 5.8%), recurrent oral ulcers (3; 5.8%), urticaria (3; 5.8%), pruritic papular eruptions (2; 3.8%), eczemas (2; 3.8%), acne (2; 3.8%), angular cheilitis (2; 3.8%), xerosis cutis (2; 3.8%), and others (5; 9.6%). Conclusions: The study showed that fungal infections are common in HIV patients, followed by viral infections and parasitic infestations. Seborrheic dermatitis, idiopathic pruritus, recurrent oral ulcers, and urticaria were found to be common inflammatory skin diseases in HIV.

Download Full-text