scholarly journals A community based cross sectional study on prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders among 6-12 years children of a district of North Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha S. Sonavane ◽  
Ramesh H. Mayappanavar ◽  
Ananthachari K. R. ◽  
Subarna Roy ◽  
Venkateswara Prasad U. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Goitre Prevalence

Background: Iodine deficiency is the major preventable cause of irreversible mental retardation in the world with nearly 2 billion people with iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).In India district level surveys conducted in 2006 in 324 districts have revealed that IDD is a major public health problem in 263 districts that is total goitre prevalence rate of more than 10% in the population. Methods: The survey was conducted from November 2016 to January 2017, after obtaining permission from Institutional Ethical Committee, using population proportionate to size (PPS) sampling method among of 6-12 years children. In the selected villages, primary schools were visited and a sample of 90 children was selected and was examined after consent from school authority. Prevalence of goitre was assessed and graded by standard palpation method. In few selected children urine and house hold salts are examined. Results: The prevalence of goitre among the 6 to 12 years children was found to be 22.78%. There was not much difference in prevalence of goitre in females compared to males in all the age groups and prevalence of goitre was observed to increase with age, which was found to be statistically significant (p=0.00001). Conclusions: Prevalence of iodine deficiency is significantly high and higher prevalence was found with increasing age. 

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Children and Its Associated Factors in Selected Earthquake-Affected VDCs of Gorkha District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Asmita Shrestha ◽  
Chet Kant Bhusal ◽  
Binjwala Shrestha ◽  
Kiran Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Food Insecure Households

Background. Malnutrition is a major public health problem and most enveloping cause of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents throughout the world. This study was aimed at assessing the nutritional status and associated factors among 6-10-year-old children in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 420 mothers having children of age groups 6-10 years (with anthropometric measurement among children) was conducted using a mixed method in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal, from October 2015 to April 2016. Gorkha was selected purposively from 14 earthquake-affected districts. Two village development committees were selected randomly among 6 having severe impact. Randomly, 5 wards were selected from each of the 2 village development committees. As the sample was 420, 42 children were selected randomly from every ward. Result. Among the 420 children, 31.9% were underweight, 51.9% were stunted, and 2.9% were wasted after the earthquake. Children who were more prone to being underweight were the following: male children (RR=1.34 95% CI: 1.01-1.78) and children from illiterate mothers (RR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.85-3.36), illiterate fathers (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.32-2.27), and homemaker mothers (RR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.20-0.38); children whose families were using nonimproved sources of water (RR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.07-6.60); and households having food insecurity (RR=12.97, 95% CI: 3.29-51.18). Similarly, children of illiterate fathers (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.41-1.97), children of illiterate mothers (RR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.91-2.83), children of homemaker mothers (RR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70), children whose family were using treated water (RR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.67), and children from food insecure households (RR=10.52, CI: 4.05-27.33) were found to be stunted. After adjustment, children from households consuming nonimproved water were 6 times more likely (OR=6.75; 95% CI: 1.59-28.62) to be wasted. Conclusion. Illiterate mothers, illiterate fathers, mothers engaged in occupation other than household work, and food insecure households were found to be independent predictors of underweight and stunting. Nonimproved source of drinking water was found to be independent predictors of wasting.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of injuries and its impact among elderly: a descriptive community based cross-sectional study from central rural India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4485
Author(s):  
Shriram V. Gosavi ◽  
Anil R. Koparkar ◽  
Supriya A. Giri ◽  
Komal D. More
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: This study was to enlighten the prevalence, different types & impact of injuries in elderly population in rural area of middle income country (India).Methods: It was a community based descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in all 24 villages under one Primary Health Centre of central India. The study was carried out from June 2009 to May 2011.Results: In the present study, prevalence of injury was 17.1%, which was highest among elderly ageing 65-69 years (36.8%) followed by elderly ageing 60-64 years (27.4%). Prevalence of injury was higher (20%) among males as compared to females (14%). Association of age, gender and injury was not statistically significant. Fall was the most common cause (34.7%) of injury followed by occupational (34.0%) and road traffic accidents (15.8%). Superficial injuries were the most common (32.6%) type of injuries followed by fracture (27.3%). Hospital admission required by 24.2% of elderly. We found 34.7% elderly was physically impaired and 26.3% physically disabled due to various injuries.Conclusions: In the present study we found injuries pose a major public health problem in elderly. Therefore there is a need of community based assessment on impact of injury among elderly in various parts of country to formulate appropriate health initiatives for prevention and optimum treatment of injuries in elderly.

scholarly journals Factors determining the knowledge related to tuberculosis in a rural community, a community based cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
C. Rajan Rushender ◽  
G. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
M. Logaraj
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem. It is reported that, globally, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis and about 1.5 million people died due to tuberculosis across the globe in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Center, SRM Medical College to assess knowledge and practice regarding tuberculosis using a pretested Interview schedule. Adult population, who are residing in the field practice area were considered as study population. The study period was between August 2013 to February 2014.Results: A total of 246 study subjects were included in the final analysis with the majority of the participants to be between 21 to 40 years (39.40%). Cough and expectoration as symptom of TB was known to 82.5% of study subjects. Only 22.8% of the study subjects are aware of at least one extra pulmonary for of tuberculosis. The proportion of subjects with good overall knowledge about TB was highest in subjects aged 61 and above, lowest in 41 to 60-year age group. The proportion of subjects with good knowledge had gradually increased with increasing socio economic status.Conclusions: Culture specific IEC interventions and their delivery mechanisms need to be designed, considering the highly heterogeneous nature of population in India. 

scholarly journals Tuberculosis status among patients visiting antiretroviral therapy centers of Seti Zonal Hospital and Mahakali Zonal Hospital of far western Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Dhungana ◽  
Madan Singh Bohara ◽  
Sashi Sharma ◽  
Ananya Adhikari ◽  
Prem Khadga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct Microscopy ◽  
Infected People

Background and aims: Tuberculosis is still a major public health problem in Nepal. The situation is further worsened by the widespread epidemic of HIV. Knowledge of TB/HIV co-infection is essential for effective dual case management. The objective of this study was to determine the TB/HIV coinfection status among patients visiting antiretroviral therapy centers of Seti Zonal Hospital and Mahakali Zonal Hospital. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology at Siddhanath Science Campus, Mahendranagar between January 2012 and July 2012. One hundred three patients were randomly selected, and were investigated for tuberculosis by direct microscopy and cultural technique. Socio-demographic features were collected by pre structured questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS 11.5 and analyzed. Results: Of the 103 people infected with HIV, 46 (44.7%) were males and 57(55.3%) were females. Majority (64.07%) of them were in the productive age group (21-40 years). Forty two (40.8%) of the respondents were not literate. As high as 43.9% of the women were widow and 10.7% of the studied subjects showed mother to child transmission. The overall prevalence of TB among HIV infected people was found to be 4.9%. Among five TB cases only two cases were detected by direct microscopy. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of TB among HIV infected people was found to be 4.9%. Youths of productive age groups with low socioeconomic status were more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Culture was found to be more superior method of diagnosis than microscopy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v3i1.10696 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;03(01):11-16

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension: a community based cross-sectional study among adults in an urban area of Puducherry, South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila J. Paul ◽  
Rebecca Samson ◽  
Annie William ◽  
Bridgitte Akila ◽  
Anil J. Purty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
South India ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Education Programme

Background: The prevalence of hypertension and other non-communicable diseases in India are on the increasing trend. Hypertension is a major public health problem in India. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in an urban area of Puducherry, South India.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among adults in an urban area of Puducherry, South India, between Oct 2013 to Nov 2013. A total of 236 adults aged ≥ 35years were selected and data was collected using piloted questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured following standard technique.Results: Out of 236 participants 123(52.1%) were found to be hypertensives. Among the hypertensives, nearly one fourth 32(24%) of them were undiagnosed hypertensives. Advanced age, male gender, housewives compared to their counterparts, family history of hypertension, alcohol intake, sedentary lifestyle, and abdominal obesity (among females) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension is found to be high. Regular health education programme to raise awareness and community-based screening programme should be given priority for early detection of hypertension and prevention of complications. 

scholarly journals Domestic unintentional injury of 1 to 5-year-old children in a rural area of West Bengal, India: a community-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitikantha Banerjee ◽  
Bobby Paul ◽  
Kajari Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level

Background: Childhood unintentional injury, a major public health problem in India, is largely preventable. The aim of this study was to determine the burden and determinants of unintentional injury of 12 to 59 months old child at household level.Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted at Singur block, Hooghly district, West Bengal, India among randomly chosen children using a predesigned and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire and a checklist for assessing household level injury hazard during the period of November 2015 to February 2016. Parental supervisory behaviour was assessed using PSAPQ questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using SPSS 19.0 software.Result: A total of 163 were involved in the study. Over one-third (37.4%) of the children underwent any type of injury during last 3-month time period, predominant body part being upper limb. Parental supervisory behaviour [AOR-2.6, (95% CI-1.2-4.9)] and household level injury hazard (AOR-1.55, 95% CI- 1.3-1.7)] were found to be significant predictors of unintentional injury.Conclusion: Unintentional injury among children is prevalent in West Bengal in India. Dissemination of injury prevention information with special focus on household modification and increased parental supervision are effective strategies to prevent unintentional injury.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of smoking among rural young males of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 4054
Author(s):  
Arunkumar M. ◽  
Gopalakrishnan S. ◽  
Umadevi R.
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Males

Background: Tobacco is the leading global cause of preventable death which kills millions of people and causes huge economic damage every year. Smoking form of tobacco is a major modifiable risk factor for number of chronic non-communicable diseases. In spite of various statutory warnings, smoking still remains a major Public health problem especially in young males. In order to reduce the magnitude and for effective control, the risk factors and distribution should be well known. This study was planned with the objective of assessing the prevalence and determinants of smoking among rural young males of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India.Methods: This community based cross sectional study was carried out between March and May 2018 among rural young males aged between 18 to 29 years. Sample size of 431 was calculated by using 4PQ/L2 and the respondents were selected from sampled households using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire, which were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and presented using descriptive and analytical statistics.Results: Among 422 participants interviewed, the prevalence of smoking was 23%. Factors found to be protective against smoking were employment status and sedentary type of jobs. Factors found to be significantly associated with smoking were individuals with smoking friends and family members, habit of alcoholism, employment and low education status.Conclusions: Since smoking is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality, efforts should be made to control its use by intensive health education, implementing counsellingfacilities and rigorous enforcement of anti-tobacco legislation. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among adolescent girls: a community based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3559
Author(s):  
Vasundara S. Gayakwad ◽  
Gowri Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutritional Problem ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Anemia is a major nutritional problem in adolescent girls in many developing countries. Anaemia prior to pregnancy is likely to affect fetal health and survival and therefore it is necessary to evaluate the nutritional needs in this vulnerable group. To know the prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among adolescent girls residing in the urban field practice area of S. Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot.Methods: A community based cross sectional study. A field practice areas of the urban health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, S. Nijalingappa Medical College in Bagalkot. 400 unmarried adolescent girls were participants. Systematic random sampling. Data was tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed by using Open Epi software.  Data was collected through predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire through house to house visits. Haemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli’s method and anaemia was classified based on WHO criteria.Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 63.3%. Factors associated with anemia were age, mother’s literacy, SES, type of family, environmental sanitation and tea consumption.Conclusions: Prevalence of anaemia is high and is a major public health problem in this area. Health education and periodical haemoglobin estimation followed by supplementation of iron would help in reduction and prevention of anaemia. 

scholarly journals Children’s Experiences of Their Journey to School: Integrating Behaviour Change Frameworks to Inform the Role of the Built Environment in Active School Travel Promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4992
Author(s):  
Nafsika Michail ◽  
Ayse Ozbil ◽  
Rosie Parnell ◽  
Stephanie Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Travel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active School Travel ◽  
Affective Experiences

Childhood obesity is a public health problem with multiple effects on children’s life. Promoting Active School Travel (AST) could provide an inclusive opportunity for physical activity and shape healthy behaviours. Data for this cross-sectional study were drawn from questionnaires carried out in five primary schools located in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, in neighbourhoods chosen for their variability in IMD (index of multiple deprivation) and spatial structure of street networks (measured through space syntax measure of integration). A randomly selected and heterogenic sample of 145 pupils (aged 9–10) completed an open-ended questionnaire to state what they like and dislike about their journey to school. Thematic analysis identified four typologies (environmental context, emotions, social influences and trip factors) based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and specific themes and sub-themes underlying children’s affective experiences of their journeys to school. This study is the first known to authors to attempt to adapt the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model into AST and children’s experiences and associated behavioural domains with design aspects. Such an insight into children’s attitudes could inform urban planners and designers about how to apply more effective behaviour change interventions, targeting an AST increase among children.

scholarly journals The prescription pattern and awareness about antibiotic prophylaxis and resistance among a group of Egyptian pediatric and general dentists: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Mohsen Aly ◽  
Marwa Aly Elchaghaby
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
General Dentists

Abstract Background The use of antibiotics in dentistry as prophylaxis and treatment is frequent. Their misuse has led to a major public health problem globally known as antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to assess the pattern of antibiotic prescription and its prophylactic use for systemic conditions. Besides, this study evaluated the awareness and adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines and antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines along with awareness of antibiotic resistance across pediatric and general dentists. Methods An overall of 378 pediatric and general dentists meeting the required eligibility criteria, fulfilled a pre-designed validated questionnaire. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Results A significant statistical difference was found among the pediatric and general dentists regarding antibiotics prescription for most of the oral conditions where Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic among the two groups (53% pediatric dentist and 52% general dentist). The majority of pediatric and general dentists, on the other hand, were aware of antibiotic resistance and prescribing recommendations. Conclusions The present study showed a tendency to overprescribe and overuse antibiotics in certain dental conditions among the participants. The vast majority of dentists, especially general dentists do not have adherence to professional guidelines for antibiotics prescription in children despite their awareness of antibiotic resistance and prescription guidelines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document