scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of vitamin A supplementation in Bangladesh: evidence from two rounds of Bangladesh demographic and health surveys, 2007 and 2011

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Raut
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation

Background: Vitamin A supplementation reduces night blindness, child morbidity and mortality. In Bangladesh, Vitamin A deficiency among children 6-59 months has remained just about stagnant at 20.5 per cent as per the latest Bangladesh National Micronutrient Status Survey 2011-12 declining by a meagre 1.2 per cent from 21.7 per cent in 1997 (IPHN/HKI, 1997). Alarmingly, there is an absolute decline of 24 percentage points in VAS supplementation from 2007 to 2011 according to the Bangladesh Demographic & Health Surveys (BDHS). The current status of vitamin A supplementation raises concern because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)’s Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Development Program (HPNSDP) 2011-2016 target of 90 per cent needs to be achieved by 2016.Methods: This paper tries to explore the socio-demographic causes of receipt of Vitamin A in Bangladesh by analysing the data of the demographic and health surveys for 2007 and 2011 using SAS software. A log binomial regression was conducted to explore the effect of education and exposure to mass media on receipt of vitamin A supplementation.Results: After adjusting for related socio-economic and demographic factors, parent’s education and among mass media channels, television seems to play an important role in predicting receipt of Vitamin A, (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.0973, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0499-1.1469) in BDHS 2011. Similarly, also those who watched television were more likely to have received vitamin A (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.0542, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0304-1.0784).Conclusions: It can be concluded that mass media seems to be working well in making the mothers aware about the vitamin A campaign, especially, the exposure to television. Though mother’s education was not associated in the 2007 survey, but it was significantly associated with the receipt of vitamin A in the 2011 survey.

scholarly journals Enablers of vitamin A coverage among children under five years of age from multi-country analyses of global demographic and health surveys in selected LMIC and LIC countries in Africa and Asia: a random forest analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Raut ◽  
J. C. Reddy ◽  
Debabrata Bera ◽  
Kirti Warvadekar
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a common form of micronutrient malnutrition. The estimated relative risks associated with vitamin A deficiency in children were 1.86 (95% CI 1.32–2.59) for measles mortality, 2.15 (95% CI 1.83–2.58) for diarrhoea mortality, 1.78 (95% CI 1.43–2.19) for malaria mortality, 1.13 (95% CI 1.01–1.32) for other infectious disease mortality. Vitamin A supplementation reduces night blindness, child morbidity and mortality.Methods: This paper tries to explore the socio-demographic causes of receipt of vitamin A in selected lower-middle-income and low income countries by analysing the data of the demographic and health surveys from 2012 and 2016 using PASW 18.0 software. Multivariate binary logistic regressions were conducted to explore the role of socio-demographic covariates in the receipt of vitamin A supplementation. In addition, random forest (RF) analyses were conducted using Python 3.6.Results: After adjusting for related socio-economic and demographic factors, mother’s work status and education and among mass media channels, exposure to television seems to play an important role in predicting receipt of vitamin A in the selected countries in Asia, while education of the mother was significantly associated with the receipt of vitamin A in the selected countries of Africa. In all the selected countries, the RF analyses revealed mother’s education followed by wealth index and mass media (TV), as the variable of most importance.Conclusions: It can be concluded that mother’s education and mass media seems to be working well in making the mothers aware about the vitamin A campaign, especially, the exposure to television. It also figures in the variable importance matrix in addition to wealth index.

scholarly journals Odds of Receiving Vaccines, but Not Vitamin A, Increased over Time in Urban and Rural Ethiopia, 2000–2016: A Secondary Data Analysis of DHS Data (P04-095-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Blacker ◽  
Shari Krishnaratne
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Childhood vaccines and biannual vitamin A delivery by health systems are key to child health; suboptimal administration may be a result of inadequate coverage or access to health systems. There have been national programs set in Ethiopia, such as the health sector development program, to improve child health. Therefore, we sought to describe trends in infant vaccines and vitamin A in urban and rural settings in Ethiopia. We hypothesized there would be an increase over time in infants (1) receiving all basic vaccines and (2) vitamin A in the past 6 months. We also hypothesized (3) coverage would be higher in urban settings. Methods We used four nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from Ethiopia between 2000 and 2016. The analysis comprised 11,621 infants 6–23 months old. Logistic regression models using a forward-stepwise approach were created to test these 3 hypotheses, controlling for wealth, age, sex of infant, and mother's highest education level. Interaction terms were fitted between survey year and education level, setting and education level, and setting and wealth index quintile, and tested using the Wald test. Results (1) The percentage of infants having received all basic vaccines increased from 11.1% in 2000 to 31.0% in 2016; the odds of having received these vaccines increased over time also. (2) This is not true for vitamin A, where there was no pattern in the odds of having received vitamin A between survey years. (3) Rural infants were 40% less likely to have received all basic vaccines, compared to urban infants (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.60; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.83), and there was no evidence of an association between setting and receiving vitamin A (AOR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.09). There was strong evidence for interaction between setting and mother's highest education level, setting and wealth index quintile, and survey year and education level (all P < 0.01). Conclusions These results suggest that (1) while there has been improvement in infants receiving basic vaccines, (2) progress may be slowing slightly in vitamin A coverage and (3)there is a need to improve coverage of basic vaccines for infants in rural areas. Strengthening of and improved access to health services should remain a priority to ensure proper distribution of vaccines and vitamin A in Ethiopia. Funding Sources N/A. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Transgenic Pro-Vitamin A Biofortified Crops for Improving Vitamin A Deficiency and Their Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Significant Attention

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) has been a public health problem among children in developing countries. To alleviate VAD, Vitamin A Supplementation (VAS), food fortification, biofortification and nutrition education have been implemented in various degrees of success with their own merits and limits. While VAS is the most widely utilized intervention in developing countries to ease the burden of VAD, some have raised questions on VAS’ effectiveness. Biofortification, often touted as an effective alternative to VAS, has received significant attention. Among the available biofortification methods, adopting transgenic technology has not only facilitated rapid progress in science for enhanced pro-Vitamin A (pVA) levels in target crops, but drawn considerable skepticism in politics for safety issues. Additionally, VAD-afflicted target regions of transgenic pVA crops widely vary in their national stance on Genetically Modified (GM) products, which further complicates crop development and release. This paper briefly reviews VAS and its controversy which partly demanded shifts to food-based VAD interventions, and updates the current status of transgenic pVA crops. Also, this paper presents a framework to provide potential influencers for transgenic pVA crop development under politically challenging climates with GM products. The framework could be applicable to other transgenic micronutrient biofortification.

scholarly journals Coverage and factors associated with vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6–59 months in twenty-three sub-Saharan African countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1770-1776
Author(s):  
Anselm S Berde ◽  
Petra Bester ◽  
Iolanthé M Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
High Dose ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to give an overall view of the pattern of high-dose vitamin A supplementation (VAS) coverage in twenty-three sub-Saharan African countries and factors associated with receipt of VAS among children aged 6–59 months.DesignCross-sectional data from the twenty-three Demographic and Health Surveys conducted from 2011 to 2015 in twenty-three sub-Saharan African countries were pooled. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to explore factors associated with VAS.SettingTwenty-three sub-Saharan African countries.ParticipantsChildren (n 215 511) aged 6–59 months.ResultsThe overall coverage of VAS among children aged 6–59 months for the surveys included was 59·4 %. In the multivariable analysis, children whose mothers had primary (adjusted OR (aOR)=1·43; 95 % CI 1·39, 1·47) or secondary or above (aOR=1·72; 95 % CI 1·67, 1·77) educational status were more likely to receive VAS than children whose mothers had no formal education. Other factors associated with significantly increased likelihood of VAS were: living in urban areas; children of working mothers; children whose mothers had higher media exposure; children of older mothers v. children of mothers aged 15–19 years; and older children v. children aged 6–11 months. At the country level, lower media exposure was significant and negatively associated with VAS.ConclusionsBroader VAS coverage is needed according to our data. More efforts are needed to scale up coverage, focusing mostly on groups at risk of non-receipt of vitamin A.

scholarly journals Consumption of Vitamin-A-Rich Foods and Vitamin A Supplementation for Children under Two Years Old in 51 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Omar Karlsson ◽  
Rockli Kim ◽  
Andreas Hasman ◽  
S. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Vitamin A supplementation for children 6–59 months old is an important intervention that boosts immune function, especially where children do not consume enough vitamin-A-rich foods. However, the low coverage of vitamin A supplementation is a persistent problem in low- and middle-income countries. We first estimated the percentage of children 6–23 months old receiving the minimum dietary diversity, vitamin-A-rich foods, and vitamin A supplementation, and second, the difference in the percentage receiving vitamin A supplementation between children 6–23 months old and children 24–59 months old using nationally representative cross-sectional household surveys, namely, the Demographic and Health Surveys, conducted from 2010 to 2019 in 51 low- and middle-income countries. Overall, 22% (95% CI: 22, 23) of children received the minimum dietary diversity, 55% (95% CI: 54, 55) received vitamin-A-rich foods, 59% (95% CI: 58, 59) received vitamin A supplementation, and 78% (95% CI: 78, 79) received either vitamin-A-rich foods or supplementation. A wide variation across countries was observed; for example, the percentage of children that received either vitamin-A-rich foods or supplementation ranged from 53% (95% CI: 49, 57) in Guinea to 96% (95% CI: 95, 97) in Burundi. The coverage of vitamin A supplementation should be improved, especially for children 6–23 months old, in most countries, particularly where the consumption of vitamin-A-rich foods is inadequate.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN ASI EKSLUSIF, SUPLEMEN VITAMIN A DAN ASUPAN SENG DENGAN RISIKO KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA ANAK BALITA DI PUSKESMAS PUUWATU KECAMATAN PUUWATU KOTA KENDARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Rita Irma ◽  
Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽  
Sultan Akbar Toruntju
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children. Many factors can influence the increased incidence of pneumonia in young children, Among them are age, sex, nutritional status, low birth weight, immunization status, Exclusive breastfeeding, and vitamin A. This study aims to determine the relationship of exclusive breastfeeding, supplements vitamin A, and zinc intake with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five in sub-district Puskesmas Puuwatu Kendari. This study uses a case-control design. Take place at sub-district Puskesmas Puuwatu Kendari. A sample of 32 samples taken using P = prevalence of LBW infants (0.092%), d = absolute precision (10%), Z = confidence interval (95% = 1.96). Taken with accidental sampling technique, and performed on samples Matching namely age, where the age of the sample of cases and controls were age 1 to 5 years. Data analysis was conducted to see the value Odds Ratio (OR), Odds Ratio (OR) = ad/bc with confidence interval (CI) = 95%. The results showed that young children who are not breastfed Exclusive 3.4 times greater risk of pneumonia compared with exclusive breastfeeding of children under five, which marked the value of OR = 3.40. Infants and children who do not complete vitamin A supplementation 2.4 times greater risk of developing pneumonia than children under five who complete vitamin A supplementation, which marked the value of OR = 2.49. Infants and children who lack their zinc intake were 2.4 times greater risk of pneumonia compared with toddlers sufficient intake of tin, which is marked with OR = 2.43. This study concluded that children who are not breastfed Exclusive have an increased risk of pneumonia. Supplementation with vitamin A complete and sufficient zinc intake in children under five among children could reduce the incidence of pneumonia.

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