scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of ocular morbidities in age group of 20 year and above at field practice area of rural health training center: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Rupali R. Rajput ◽  
Shashikant R. Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

Background: Ocular morbid conditions are responsible for partial or total blindness. Blindness due to ocular morbidities with its economic and social consequences represents a serious public health problem in different region of the world. According to the World Health Organization; 285 million people are estimated to be visually impaired worldwide: 39 million are blind and 246 million have low vision. The study has to be done to determine the prevalence of blindness and common ocular morbidities in age groups of 20 years and above and to study the distribution patterns of ocular morbidities among different socio-demographic conditions.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted to find the prevalence of blindness and other ocular morbidities among adult population of 20 years and above, and also to study determinants of ocular morbidities.Results: Prevalence of blindness was found to be (2.33%) and prevalence for ocular morbidities was found to be (36.84%) in the population with a marginal higher prevalence in females (38.72%) as compared to the males (34.98%).In present study, out of 600 study subject, 221 (36.84%) suffered ocular morbidities. The major cause of morbidities was refractive errors (53.39%), followed by cataract (35.74%), conjunctivitis (1.80%). The prevalence of ocular morbidities in the age group 20-29 year was 11.12%, then it increases significantly (p<0.01) with advancing age to 74.21% in the age group of ≥60 years.Conclusions: Increasing age showed increasing prevalence of ocular morbidity. Widows/widower, Hindu religion, Individuals from nuclear family, skilled worker showed higher prevalence of ocular morbidity.

scholarly journals Magnitude of infertility and associated factors among women attending selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekdes Akalewold ◽  
Getachew W. Yohannes ◽  
Ziyad Ahmed Abdo ◽  
Yonas Hailu ◽  
Aynye Negesse
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Introduction The World Health Organization estimated that approximately 48 million couples and 186 million people are infertile worldwide. Although the problem of infertility is increasing worldwide, as well as in Ethiopia, there are limited studies done. Therefore, this study aims to determine the magnitude of infertility and the major risk factors in three governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. The participants were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected through an interview using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictor variables. Statistical significance was considered at a P < 0.05 with an adjusted odds ratio calculated at 95% CI. Result The overall prevalence of infertility was 27.6% (95%CI = 23.2, 32.0). Of these, 14.4% had primary infertility, and 13.2% had secondary infertility. Those whose duration of marriage was less than 60 months [AOR = 3.85; 95%CI 1.39, 10.64], had a history of fallopian tube obstructions [AOR = 8.27; 95%CI 2.36, 28.91], had irregular frequency of coitus [AOR = 37.4; 95%CI 11.29, 124.114], had more than one sex partner [AOR = 3.51; 95%CI 1.64, 7.54], had an abortion greater than 3 times [AOR = 6.89; 95%CI 1.28, 37.09], and had partners who currently consumed alcohol [AOR = 1.31; 95%CI 1.11, 1.86] were more likely to be infertile than their counterparts. Conclusion According to the results of this study, the prevalence of infertility was high compared to the global estimate of the World Health Organization. The government, health care providers, and researchers should emphasize developing appropriate strategies, research, education, and awareness creation of infertility and its potential causes.

Tobacco use and its Socioeconomic Impact among Adult Males in Rural Area of Bareilly: A Cross-sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Abhinav Agarwal ◽  
Deeepak Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Factor ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT Introduction Tobacco use is one of the important preventable causes of death and a leading public health problem all over the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco is the second major cause of death worldwide and is currently responsible for about 5 million deaths each year. This figure is expected to rise to about 8.4 million by the year 2020, with 70% of deaths occurring in developing countries. Objectives • To study the prevalence of tobacco use • To assess the socioeconomic factor of tobacco use Materials and methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in rural field practicing area of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital (RMCH), Bareilly. Multistage sampling design was used and 400 males, aged above 15 years, were randomly selected belonging to the field practice area of RMCH. The data were recorded in predesigned and semistructured questionnaire. Results In the study prevalence of tobacco use, “current user” was 183 (45.75%) and past user was 19 (4.75%); thus, the overall prevalence of tobacco use was 202 (50.50%). Among the tobacco user, maximum participants belong to age group 15 to 24 years. The data were analyzed by applying chi-square test. How to cite this article Agarwal A, Khan S, Joshi HS, Upadhyay D. Tobacco use and its Socioeconomic Impact among Adult Males in Rural Area of Bareilly: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(3):103-105.

scholarly journals Lifestyle of school going adolescents in Mumbai, India: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2284
Author(s):  
Shalaka P. Patil ◽  
Balaji Almale
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Adolescents, as defined by World Health organization, constitute individuals in between the age group of 10 to 19 years. Children, youth and young people are the other groups which have ages which overlap with the adolescent age group. The hormonal changes at this age are responsible not only for physiological growth but also emotional and cognitive changes. Lifestyle in this age group may have lasting and, in many cases, lifelong implications. We conducted this cross-sectional study to holistically analyse lifestyle of school adolescents in Mumbai.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the in a tertiary care medical college. The students belonging to an English medium co-education school of a metropolitan city were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A culturally acceptable questionnaire was structured in simple language and used in this study. Demographic data was asked. All questions were closed ended and requiring specific response the questionnaire was subjected to critical evaluation by experts from the field of Public Health Pediatrics, high school teachers, heads of schools, experts from Social justice and law input from the experts were incorporated in the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using SSPE 22.0 Software.Results: A total of 538 adolescents were studied in this cross-sectional study. There were 270 boys (50.18%) and 268 (49.82%) girls with a M:F ratio of 1:0.95. Mean age of the studied cases was found to be 12.4±1.44 years. Majority of the adolescents were found to be residing in buildings (66.36%) and average family size was found to be 5.63±3.34 members Majority of the boys and girls (66.92%) were not having any knowledge about HIV/AIDS.7.06% adolescents were found to have suicidal or homicidal thoughts. 93.31% adolescents liked to come to school and 83.83% claimed to be obedient.Conclusions: This cross-sectional study highlights the fact that adolescents have a significant amount of psychosocial problems. Important amongst these included inclination towards substance abuse, suicidal or homicidal thoughts and ignorance about HIV/AIDS. Strategies to tackle these issue needs to be devised so as to tackle these problems faced by adolescents.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course centre in urban Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Mohit Raghav ◽  
S. S. Chaudhary ◽  
Manisha .
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Background: Tuberculosis was the first infectious disease declared by the WHO as a global health emergency. Men are more commonly affected than women. The case notifications were higher in males than in females most countries. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) centre in Urban Ghaziabad.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in selected DOTS centres of district Ghaziabad. 850 study subjects age group more than 15 years were included.  Multistage sampling was done. Numbers and percentage were used. SPSS version 13 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Majority 41.17% of tuberculosis (TB) patients belonged to 15-25 years age group. 30.58% patients were in 26-35 years age group followed by 23.52% in 36-45 years age group and least 4.70% were in >45 years age group. Majority 54.1% of TB patients were females that compared to 45.9% were males. Among tuberculosis patients majority 58.82% were married as compared to 40% were unmarried and least 1.18% were widow. 75.29% tuberculosis patients were Hindus as compared to 22.35 were Muslims and least 2.35% were Sikh/Christian. Among tuberculosis patients majority 44.71% were from nuclear family. 31.76% had joint family and least 23.53% had 3rd generation family.Conclusions: It was concluded that socio-demographic determinants were low. It was recommended to raise socioeconomic standard of population, give health education to improve personal habit and stop TB transmission. 

scholarly journals Anxiety among Pregnant Women about Corona Virus Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic at a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (234) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipty Shrestha ◽  
Rachana Saha ◽  
Naresh Manandhar ◽  
Asmita Adhikari ◽  
Jyoti Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Introduction: COVID-19 is a beta coronavirus that is transmitted by physical interaction or close contact. This Coronavirus Pandemic has also created stress and anxiety among pregnant women all over the world. The disease was first identified in Wuhan city, China, in late December 2019 and was declared pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11th March 2020. Concern and stress in pregnancy are associated with pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm labour, depression etc. Pregnancy is an immune-compromised state and poses a high risk to this risk. This study aims to identify anxiety about the coronavirus infection among pregnant women visiting a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu, Nepal, during this COVID–19 pandemic. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from 15th July 2020 to 30th July 2020 after taking the ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. Convenient sampling method was used. All the data were entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences data 20.0 and analyzed. Data was presented in frequencies, charts and percentage. Results: Among the total 273 cases, only 2 (0.73%) case had a score between 25-30 corresponding to moderate to severe anxiety, 21 (7.69%) had a score between 18-24, which corresponds to mild to moderate anxiety and 250 (91.57%) had score 0-17 which corresponds mild status. Conclusions: Most of the participants in the study reported a mild status of anxiety. Very few participants reported moderate to severe anxiety.

scholarly journals Factors determining the knowledge related to tuberculosis in a rural community, a community based cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
C. Rajan Rushender ◽  
G. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
M. Logaraj
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem. It is reported that, globally, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis and about 1.5 million people died due to tuberculosis across the globe in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Center, SRM Medical College to assess knowledge and practice regarding tuberculosis using a pretested Interview schedule. Adult population, who are residing in the field practice area were considered as study population. The study period was between August 2013 to February 2014.Results: A total of 246 study subjects were included in the final analysis with the majority of the participants to be between 21 to 40 years (39.40%). Cough and expectoration as symptom of TB was known to 82.5% of study subjects. Only 22.8% of the study subjects are aware of at least one extra pulmonary for of tuberculosis. The proportion of subjects with good overall knowledge about TB was highest in subjects aged 61 and above, lowest in 41 to 60-year age group. The proportion of subjects with good knowledge had gradually increased with increasing socio economic status.Conclusions: Culture specific IEC interventions and their delivery mechanisms need to be designed, considering the highly heterogeneous nature of population in India. 

scholarly journals ANGKA KEJADIAN MEROKOK PADA PASIEN TB PARU YANG BEROBAT DI POLIKLINIK DOTS PADA BULAN NOVEMBER 2014

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widyanita K. Silo ◽  
M. C. P. Wongkar ◽  
Yuanita A. Langi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
Keywords Lung

Abstract: Lung Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that remains as a public health problem. Several studies suggest a significant relationship between smoking and lung tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking in patients of lung tuberculosis in DOTS Polyclinic Prof. Dr R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a descriptive cross - sectional study conducted in October 2014. Samples included 57 people. Total of lung tuberculosis patients who smoked were 33 people; 28 were males (84.8 %). In the age group of 56-65 years there were 9 people (27.3 %). The most frequent of jobs were self-employed (8 people; 24.2 %). The results showed that the incidence of smoking in patients of lung tuberculosis approximately 57.9 %. Keywords: lung tuberculosis, smoking.Abstrak: Penyakit TB paru merupakan penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dalam masyarakat. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara merokok dengan TB paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian merokok pada pasien TB paru di Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional terhadap pasien TB paru yang berobat di Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada bulan November 2014. Sampel berjumlah 57 orang. Jumlah pasien TB paru yang merokok adalah 33 orang, dimana jenis kelamin terbanyak laki-laki yaitu 28 orang (84,8%). Kelompok umur 56-65 tahun adalah yang terbanyak yaitu 9 orang (27,3%), dan pekerjaan terbanyak adalah wiraswasta 8 orang (24,2%). Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan angka kejadian merokok pada pasien TB paru sekitar 57,9% dari keseluruhan data.Kata kunci: TB paru, merokok

scholarly journals Does the spirituality of nurses interfere in the record of spiritual suffering diagnosis?

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Ienne ◽  
Rosa Aurea Quintella Fernandes ◽  
Ana Claudia Puggina
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Instrument ◽  
The World ◽  
Spiritual Suffering

Abstract Objectives: To assess the spirituality of nurses and relate it to personal characteristics, sector of activity, and spiritual practices; to analyze the influence of spirituality of nurses in the record of a "spiritual suffering" diagnosis. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study, using the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Instrument-Spirituality, Religion and Personal Beliefs Module (WHOQOL-SRPB). Results: 132 nurses were included and most of them were women (81.8%), married (56.8%), with an average age of 34 years (± 6.8). Most nurses believe in God or in a superior force (99.2%) and have never recorded a "spiritual suffering" diagnosis (78.8%). There was no association of spirituality with the sector of activity; the variable "marital status" was significant in six out of the eight factors of spirituality, and the variable "willingness to talk about spirituality" was significant in seven out of the eight factors. Conclusion: The spirituality of nurses does not interfere with the recording of a "spiritual suffering" diagnosis.

scholarly journals Assessment of physical impairments in leprosy patients: a comparison between the world health organization (who) disability grade and the Eye-Hand-Foot Score

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Túlio Raposo ◽  
Ana Virgínia de Queiroz Caminha ◽  
Jorg Heukelbach ◽  
Miguel Ángel Sánchez-González ◽  
Jovany Luis Alves de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
The World ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Health Organization

This cross-sectional study assessed the grade of physical impairments in 61 individuals with leprosy receiving multidrug therapy (MDT) under the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), and residing in Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil. Impairments were assessed using the disability grade (DG) standardized by the WHO, and the EHF score (Eye-Hand-Foot sum of impairment scores). Impairments were detected in 25 (41%) of the subjects. A total of 14 (23%) patients scored DG 1, while 11 (18%) were assigned DG 2. The EHF score ranged from 1 to 10 points in the group of patients with physical impairments, with a mean score of 3.6 points. The majority of individuals with impairments were affected in at least two sites. We conclude that the EHF score showed overlapping impairments in the segments examined and may be more appropriate than the DG classification system for describing the degree of physical impairment of leprosy patients.

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