scholarly journals ANGKA KEJADIAN MEROKOK PADA PASIEN TB PARU YANG BEROBAT DI POLIKLINIK DOTS PADA BULAN NOVEMBER 2014

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widyanita K. Silo ◽  
M. C. P. Wongkar ◽  
Yuanita A. Langi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
Keywords Lung

Abstract: Lung Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that remains as a public health problem. Several studies suggest a significant relationship between smoking and lung tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking in patients of lung tuberculosis in DOTS Polyclinic Prof. Dr R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a descriptive cross - sectional study conducted in October 2014. Samples included 57 people. Total of lung tuberculosis patients who smoked were 33 people; 28 were males (84.8 %). In the age group of 56-65 years there were 9 people (27.3 %). The most frequent of jobs were self-employed (8 people; 24.2 %). The results showed that the incidence of smoking in patients of lung tuberculosis approximately 57.9 %. Keywords: lung tuberculosis, smoking.Abstrak: Penyakit TB paru merupakan penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dalam masyarakat. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara merokok dengan TB paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian merokok pada pasien TB paru di Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional terhadap pasien TB paru yang berobat di Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada bulan November 2014. Sampel berjumlah 57 orang. Jumlah pasien TB paru yang merokok adalah 33 orang, dimana jenis kelamin terbanyak laki-laki yaitu 28 orang (84,8%). Kelompok umur 56-65 tahun adalah yang terbanyak yaitu 9 orang (27,3%), dan pekerjaan terbanyak adalah wiraswasta 8 orang (24,2%). Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan angka kejadian merokok pada pasien TB paru sekitar 57,9% dari keseluruhan data.Kata kunci: TB paru, merokok

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS CASOS DE DENGUE NO MUNICÍPIO DE PORTO NACIONAL, TOCANTINS.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Letícia Cardoso Lucena ◽  
Alexandre Arguelio Souto ◽  
Larissa Cardoso Lucena ◽  
Tathiana Nascimento Marques
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Great Incidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Introdução – A dengue é uma doença viral infecciosa, transmitida principalmente pelo mosquito Aedes aegypt e de grande incidência no Brasil. É uma enfermidade de grande potencial epidêmico, representando um grave problema de saúde pública. Objetivo – avaliar o perfil dos casos de dengue no município de Porto Nacional - TO no período de janeiro de 2010 a outubro de 2018. Metodologia – Este é um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal realizado através da avaliação de dados do SINAN sobre a dengue no período de 2010-2018 e de levantamento bibliográfico em bases de dados eletrônicas. Resultados – Com a análise dos dados observou-se a notificação de 5.085 casos de dengue no período, a maioria no ano de 2010. A prevalência foi no sexo feminino (53,9%) e na faixa etária de 20-29 anos (22%), com maior ocorrência no período de janeiro a abril, época de índices pluviométricos mais altos, facilitando a procriação do vetor. Outrossim, as localidades com os maiores números de notificação são áreas mais abastadas e com menos condições sanitárias.    Conclusão – Ainda há ocorrência de subnotificação, além de problemas nos serviços de saúde, sendo necessária adoção de medidas de prevenção e combate, e melhorias nos serviços de saúde. Palavras-chave: Dengue; Arboviroses; Saúde pública; Epidemia. ABSTRACT Introduction – Dengue is an infectious viral disease, transmitted mainly by the Aedes aegypt mosquito and of great incidence in Brazil. It is a disease of great epidemic potential, representing a serious public health problem. Objective – To evaluate the profile of dengue cases in the municipality of Porto Nacional - TO from January 2010 to October 2018. Methodology – This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross - sectional study carried out through the evaluation of SINAN data on dengue in period of 2010-2018 and a bibliographic survey in electronic databases. Results – Data were analyzed in a study of 5,085 dengue cases in the period, most of them in 2010. The prevalence was in the female sex (53.9%) and in the age group of 20-29 years (22 %), with higher occurrence in the period from January to April, season of higher rainfall indexes, facilitating the procreation of the vector. In addition, the locations with the highest reporting numbers are more affluent areas with less sanitary conditions. Conclusion – There is still an underreporting, besides problems in the health services, being necessary to adopt measures of prevention and combat, and improvements in health services. Keywords: Dengue; Arboviruses; Public health; Epidemic.

scholarly journals Misuse of drugs in the District of Bamako, Mali

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Tidiane Diallo ◽  
Abdourahamane Diara ◽  
Sanou Khô Coulibaly ◽  
Youssoul Konaté ◽  
Hinde Hami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analgesic Drugs

Introduction: In Mali, the irrational use of drugs constitutes a public health problem through the misuse of certain psychotropic and / or analgesic drugs for drug addiction purposes. The aim of this study was to measure the consumption of drugs diverted from their therapeutic use in Bamako. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Bamako with a sample of 260 respondents: 98 health workers and 162 clients (pharmacies) / patients (hospitals). Results: Men were more affected than women, with 62% of cases. The 15-45 age group accounted for 55% of cases. According to the results, workers and students respectively represented 19% and 17% of cases. Promethazine (20%), the combination Paracetamol / codeine / caffeine (13%) and Tramadol (11%) were the drugs most commonly used and diverted from their medical use among clients of pharmacies. According to pharmacists, the drugs affected by misuse were Misoprostol (10%), Clonazepam (9%) and Promethazine (9%). According to doctors and nurses, Misoprostol, Promethazine and diazepam were used for other purposes with 23%, 16% and 13%, respectively. Conclusion: In order to reduce this practice, a synergy of action by health professionals is essential for the rational use of drugs.

scholarly journals Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part III): Healthcare Professionals, Times and Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Desirée Mena-Tudela ◽  
Susana Iglesias-Casás ◽  
Víctor Manuel González-Chordá ◽  
María Jesús Valero-Chillerón ◽  
Laura Andreu-Pejó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Obstetric Violence

Background: Obstetric violence is a worldwide public health problem, which seems greater in Spain. As no studies were found that identify the most representative healthcare professionals, times, and areas involved in obstetric violence, the objective of this work was to study at what time of maternity, with which professionals, and in what areas women identified obstetric violence. Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was performed from January 2018 to June 2019. The main variables were the area (hospital, primary care, both), the time (pregnancy, birth, puerperium), and the professionals attending to women. Results: Our sample comprised 17,541 participants. The area identified with the most obstetric violence for the different studied variables was hospitals. Women identified more obstetric violence at time of birth. Findings such as lack of information and informed consent (74.2%), and criticism of infantile behavior and treatment (87.6%), stood out. The main identified healthcare professionals were midwives and gynecologists, and “other” professionals repeatedly appeared. Conclusions: Having identified the professionals, times, and areas of most obstetric violence in Spain, it seems necessary to reflect on not only the Spanish National Health System’s structure and management but also on healthcare professionals’ training.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Mortality in Women and Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Dalal ◽  
Isotta Triulzi ◽  
Ananthu James ◽  
Benedict Nguimbis ◽  
Gabriela Guizzo Dri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Sub Saharan

Objective: To investigate differences of COVID-19 related mortality among women and men across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from the beginning of the pandemic. Design: A cross sectional study. Setting: Data from 20 member nations of the WHO African region until September 1, 2020. Participants: 69,580 cases of COVID-19, stratified by sex (men, n=43071; women, n=26509) and age (0-39 years, n=41682; 40-59 years, n=20757; 60+ years, n=7141). Main outcome measures: We computed the SSA- and country-specific case fatality rates (CFRs) and sex-specific CFR differences across various age groups, using a Bayesian approach. Results: A total of 1,656 (2.4% of total cases reported; 1656/69580) deaths were reported, with men accounting for 1168/1656 (70.5%) of total deaths. In SSA, women had a lower CFR than men (mean CFR<diff> = -0.9%; 95% credible intervals -1.1% to -0.6%). The mean CFR estimates increased with age, with the sex-specific CFR differences being significant among those aged 40 or more (40-59 age-group: mean CFR<diff> = -0.7%; 95% credible intervals -1.1% to -0.2%; 60+ age-group: mean CFR<diff> = -3.9%; 95% credible intervals -5.3% to -2.4%). At the country level, seven of the twenty SSA countries reported significantly lower CFRs among women than men overall. Moreover, corresponding to the age-specific datasets, significantly lower CFRs in women than men were observed in the 60+ age-group in seven countries and 40-59 age-group in one country. Conclusions: Sex and age are important predictors of COVID-19 mortality. Countries should prioritize the collection and use of sex-disaggregated data to understand the evolution of the pandemic. This is essential to design public health interventions and ensure that policies promote a gender sensitive public health response.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course centre in urban Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Mohit Raghav ◽  
S. S. Chaudhary ◽  
Manisha .
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Background: Tuberculosis was the first infectious disease declared by the WHO as a global health emergency. Men are more commonly affected than women. The case notifications were higher in males than in females most countries. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) centre in Urban Ghaziabad.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in selected DOTS centres of district Ghaziabad. 850 study subjects age group more than 15 years were included.  Multistage sampling was done. Numbers and percentage were used. SPSS version 13 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Majority 41.17% of tuberculosis (TB) patients belonged to 15-25 years age group. 30.58% patients were in 26-35 years age group followed by 23.52% in 36-45 years age group and least 4.70% were in >45 years age group. Majority 54.1% of TB patients were females that compared to 45.9% were males. Among tuberculosis patients majority 58.82% were married as compared to 40% were unmarried and least 1.18% were widow. 75.29% tuberculosis patients were Hindus as compared to 22.35 were Muslims and least 2.35% were Sikh/Christian. Among tuberculosis patients majority 44.71% were from nuclear family. 31.76% had joint family and least 23.53% had 3rd generation family.Conclusions: It was concluded that socio-demographic determinants were low. It was recommended to raise socioeconomic standard of population, give health education to improve personal habit and stop TB transmission. 

scholarly journals Anemia among HIV Infected Children on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: a facility based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesay Lema Geleta ◽  
Fithamlak Bisetegn Solomon ◽  
Efrata Girma Tufa ◽  
Fekadu Elias Sadamo ◽  
Samson Kastro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Ethiopia ◽  
Highly Active

Abstract Background Anemia is a global public health problem and most of the HIV positive people become anemic at some point in the course of the disease. We lack adequate evidence on the magnitude of anemia among children on highly active anti retroviral therapy in Ethiopia and particularly in South Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed at determining the proportion and associated factors of anemia among children on highly active anti retroviral therapy in Wolaita zone, South Ethiopia.Method a facility based cross-sectional study has been conducted from November to December 2018 on 256 children 6 months to 14 years of age who were on Anti retroviral therapy. Data were collected through an interview with caregivers and review of medical records. CD4+ cell count was analyzed using FACS caliber and Hemoglobin level was measured with Hem cue 301 analyzer. Stool sample was examined for presence of intestinal parasites by direct wet mount technique. Data analyzed with Stata version 14.0 were conveyed in mean and standard deviation of the mean, median and inter-quartile range. Multivariate analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors of the outcome variable. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported.Results The magnitude of anemia was found to be 38.8%. Taking Co-trimoxazole antibiotic prophylaxis (AOR=.45; 95% CI: .21, .95), caregivers’ not receiving nutritional counseling (AOR=09; 95% CI: .01, .98) and presence of intestinal parasites (AOR=3.10; 95% CI: 1.39, 6.88) were associated with anemia.Conclusion The magnitude of anemia obtained in this study is a moderate public health problem. Health education programs in Anti Retroviral Therapy clinics should be targeted at appropriate dietary practice, and appropriate hand washing and other hygienic practices to prevent intestinal parasitic infections. Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis should give given to all eligible children based on the recommendation.

scholarly journals The prevalence of retinopathy in diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors: a community-based cross sectional study in peri urban area

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Gupta ◽  
Anshuman Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Agarwal ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Shalini Sarouthia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Visual impairment i.e. diabetic retinopathy is the one of most common manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Globally it is becoming an increasing public health problem especially in the developing countries because of increase in number of diabetic patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the vicinity of Urban Heath and Training Centre (UHTC), Peoples University, Bhopal over a period of 6 months through screening in camps held, which included a total of 840 participants (aged ≥25 years) by following simple random procedure and in those who had newly diagnosed or long standing diabetes were referred to ophthalmologist for further evaluation. Retinopathy was determined by ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography. Anthropometric measurements (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin were also evaluated among the confirmed diabetic patients in the study.Results: An increased prevalence of diabetes (5.95%) and retinopathy (28%) (95% CI 11.2-32.0) was found. In all age groups prevalence of bilateral blindness, bilateral low vision, unilateral blindness and unilateral low vision were respectively 2%, 28%, 0%, 70%. Independent risk indicators for the occurrence of diabetes such as age, BMI, HbA1c, were found significant for the occurrence of retinopathy in the study population.Conclusions: Visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy remains an important public health problem in people with diabetes so timely interventions are required to resolve this major issue.

scholarly journals Water, sanitation, and hygiene as a priority intervention for stunting in under-five children in northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayechew Ademas ◽  
Metadel Adane ◽  
Awoke Keleb ◽  
Gete Berihun ◽  
Getu Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Abstract Background Stunting was a significant public health problem for under-five in developing countries including Ethiopia. Globally, it was estimated 21.9% or 149 million (81.7 million in Asia and 58.8 million in Africa) under-five children stunted in 2018. In East Africa, 24 million are stunted which is the highest-burden from African regions. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting and its association with Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in northwestern Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 630 participants from December to mid-January 2019. From five kebeles, two were selected by a simple random sampling technique for the study. To reach study participants a systematic sampling technique was used. Data were collected by using an observational checklist, pretested questionnaire, and anthropometric measurement. Anthropometric indicator, height-for-age was determined using the current World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to analyze the data. From the multivariable analysis the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and P-value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Result The prevalence of stunting among under-five children was 35.6% (95%CI; 31.9–39.5%). The result from this study showed that having illiterate father and mother, give birth before marriage (single), large family size, short maternal height, unimproved drinking water source, unimproved sanitation, poor hygienic practice, having diarrhea in the previous 2 weeks before the data collection, method of child feeding, age at which complementary feeding started, frequency of feeding, not deworming and mothers who had antenatal care visit of fewer than three times were statistically associated with stunting. Conclusion In this study, stunting was an important public health problem among under-five children. It remains the same as the national average prevalence of Ethiopia. To alleviate this problem proper family planning utilization, good dietary intake, maternal and paternal education, and WASH interventions are critical.

scholarly journals Identification of socio-demographic factors and the causes of poor adherances of urban DOTS in Biratnagar

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
V Kattel ◽  
R Rizal ◽  
D Katwal ◽  
S Subedi ◽  
G Kattel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Compliance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Severe Degree

Background : TB is a major public health problem. Though Investigation and chemotherapy is free of cost we are still facing poor compliance and severe degree of disease among the poorly treated ones. We have tried to explore into reasons behind it. Methodology : It was a retrospective cross- sectional study done at Biratnagar Sub-metro Politian City. Result : People accept DOTS. They visit as early as they are referred but are diagnosed lately. They have multiple reasons to quit the treatment before completion. Conclusion : We found that early diagnosis and proper counselling about the need of prolonged regime of treatment and its side effects are important factors in preventing transmission and poor compliance. Keywords: TB; DOTS; HIV; BPKIHS; cases; defaulters     DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i1.3957SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(1) 13-18

scholarly journals Burden of moderate to severe anaemia and severe stunting in children ≤ 3 years in conflict hit Mount Cameroon: a community based descriptive cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ule Sumbele
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Mount Cameroon

Abstract Background: Armed conflict is a significant social determinant of child health with nuanced effects. There is a dearth of knowledge on the public health issues facing vulnerable populations in conflict-stricken areas. The objective was to determine the prevalence and determinants of moderate to severe anaemia (MdSA) and severe stunting (SS) in children ≤3 years in conflict hit Dibanda, Ekona and Muea in the Mount Cameroon area.Methods: Haematological parameters were obtained using an automated haematology analyser while, undernutrition indices standard deviation (SD) scores (Z scores) were computed based on the WHO growth reference curves for 649 children in a community based cross-sectional study in 2018. Binomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the determinants of MdSA and SS against a set of predictor variables.Results: Anaemia was prevalent in 84.0% (545) of the children with a majority having microcytic anaemia (59.3%). The prevalence of MdSA was 56.1% (364). Educational level of parents/caregiver (P < 0.001) and site (P = 0.043) had a significant negative effect on the occurrence of MdSA. Stunting, underweight and wasting occurred in 31.3%, 13.1% and 6.3% of the children respectively. Overall, SS was prevalent in 17.1% (111) of the children. The age group (0.1–1.0 year, P = 0.042 and 1.1–2.0 years, P = 0.008), educational level (No formal education, P < 0.001 and primary education P = 0.028) and SS (P = 0.035) were significant determinants of MdSA while MdSA (P = 0.035) was the only significant determinant of SS. On the contrary, age group 0.1-1 year (OR = 0.56, P = 0.043) and site (Dibanda, OR = 0.29, P = 0.001) demonstrated a significant protective effect against SS.Conclusions: Moderate to severe anaemia, severe stunting and wasting especially in children not breastfed at all are public health challenges in the conflict hit area. There is a need for targeted intervention to control anaemia as well as increase awareness of exclusive breast feeding in conflict hit areas to limit the burden of wasting and stunting.

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