scholarly journals The role of job and personal resources in alleviating dentists’ emotional dissonance in dental clinics of Hyderabad: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2672
Author(s):  
S. Vishnu Priya ◽  
M. Shakeel Anjum ◽  
G. Hariprasad ◽  
T. Sravya ◽  
T. Sai Pravalika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emotional Dissonance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Orientation Test ◽  
Item Scale

Background: ‘Emotional dissonance’ (the discrepancy between the felt and expressed emotions) could occur in dentistry due to the challenge of pacifying patients irrespective of the dentist’s state of mind and could influence their performance. The presence of certain factors could minimize this though. Our aim was to examine the role of ‘optimism’ and ‘relation with colleagues’ in buffering the effect of emotional dissonance on the performance of dentists.Methods: Emotional dissonance’ was evaluated among 390 dentists of Hyderabad using Zapf scale; ‘optimism’ using 3-items adapted from ‘The Life Orientation Test (LOT)’, ‘relation with colleagues’ assessed with a self-constructed 4-item scale and the ‘performance of a dentist’ using 6 items picked from Goodman scale. Regression analysis was done using SPSS 24, to predict the influence of ‘optimism’ and ‘relation with colleagues’ on the ‘performance’ of dentists in dissonance.Results: Emotional dissonance was found to be negatively related to dentists’ performance. ‘Optimism’ (p=0.018) and ‘relation with colleagues’ (p=0.039) significantly predicted their performance when under dissonance, but in the negative direction.Conclusions: The results necessitate the need to identify various resources to handle dissonance owing to its intensity found in the present study.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Teenage Mothers towards Pregnancy and Childbirth

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bałanda-Bałdyga ◽  
Anna Bogusława Pilewska-Kozak ◽  
Celina Łepecka-Klusek ◽  
Grażyna Stadnicka ◽  
Beata Dobrowolska
Keyword(s):  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
Age Attitudes ◽  
Orientation Test

The problem of early motherhood is still a serious medical and social problem in many countries around the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the attitudes of teenage mothers towards pregnancy and childbirth. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with the use of an original questionnaire containing a test to measure attitudes on a five-point Likert scale and a Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) to assess dispositional optimism. The study involved 308 teenage mothers between 13 and 19 years of age. Attitudes of teenage mothers towards pregnancy and childbirth were more often positive (90.6%) than negative (9.4%). Sociodemographic features determining the attitudes of teenage mothers towards both their pregnancy and childbirth included their age, marital status, current occupation, and main source of income. The type of attitude adopted by teenage mothers towards pregnancy and childbirth was significantly related to the level of their dispositional optimism.

scholarly journals Predictors of Mental Health in Adolescence: The Role of Personality, Dispositional Optimism, and Social Support

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402091796
Author(s):  
Iva Burešová ◽  
Martin Jelínek ◽  
Jaroslava Dosedlová ◽  
Helena Klimusová
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test

In line with the current psychological approach to health in general, mental health is perceived not only as the absence of psychopathological disorders, but also the presence of well-being. The study contributes to the identification of possible sources affecting mental health in adolescence. This cross-sectional study focuses on the role of personality traits, dispositional optimism, and perceived social support in predicting mental health in adolescence. Mental health was assessed using Mental Health Continuum, personality traits using Big Five Inventory, dispositional optimism using Life Orientation Test—Revised and social support by Close Relationships and Social Support Scale. The research sample consisted of 1,239 respondents aged 12 to 19 years (mean age 15.56 years), 54.3% females and 45.7 % males. Sequential regression analysis revealed that demographic variables and personality characteristics together explained 33.5% of mental health variance, the strongest predictors being extraversion and neuroticism. Including dispositional optimism and perceived social support resulted in a significant increase of the explained variance. All predictors together explained 46.0% of the mental health variance.

scholarly journals Exploring the Gender Difference and Predictors of Perceived Stress among Students Enrolled in Different Medical Programs: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6647
Author(s):  
Carmenrita Infortuna ◽  
Francesco Gratteri ◽  
Andrew Benotakeia ◽  
Sapan Patel ◽  
Alex Fleischman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Doctoral Degrees ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Medical Programs

Female medical students seem to experience higher level of perceived stress. Moreover, there is a lack of research examining perceived stress in students enrolled in different medical programs. We analyzed the association between temperament traits, optimism, self-esteem, and perceived stress of students pursuing a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree and students pursuing a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree. A cross-sectional study was conducted of two cohorts: allopathic medical students (N = 154) and the podiatric medical students (N = 150). Students anonymously completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto Questionnaire (TEMPS-A), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Life Orientation Test—Revised (LOT-R). We analyzed differences in the two cohort of students and predictors of perceived stress. There were no differences in the overall perception of stress between both cohorts (allopathic medical students: 18.83 ± 0.56; podiatric medical students: 19.3 ± 0.72; p = 0.4419). Women reported higher perceived stress in both programs (allopathic medical students: p = 0.0.038; podiatric medical students: p = 0.0.038). In both allopathic and podiatric medical students, the cyclothymic temperaments and anxious traits were positive predictors while hyperthymic temperaments and optimism traits were negative predictors of perceived stress. The level of perceived stress experienced by students pursuing different doctoral degrees in healthcare is similar. Regardless of the curriculum differences, female students experience higher perceived stress and there is evidence for similarities in predictors amongst allopathic and podiatric medical students.

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 and Melatonin as Predictors of Cognitive, Emotional and Functional Ageing of Older People

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3623
Author(s):  
Anna Kurowska ◽  
Iwona Bodys-Cupak ◽  
Magdalena Staszkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Szklarczyk ◽  
Joanna Zalewska-Puchała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Functional Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Background: The ageing process causes a number of changes in the human immune and endocrine systems. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cognitive, emotional and functional skills as well lifestyle, versus selected biochemical indicators of the ageing process. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of 121 people aged 60–90 residing in the Lesser Poland voivodship. The study used standardized research tools including the Barthel scale, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and inventory of health behaviors (IHB). In addition, the concentration of IL-6 and melatonin in the blood plasma was determined. Results: We determined the correlation between the level of IL-6 in a group of people over 75 years of age (requiring medical care), and results of the IADL scale. There was also a correlation between melatonin levels and the MMSE results in a group of people aged 60–75 who did not require constant medical care. Conclusions: IL-6 can be treated as a predictor of functional skills of people over 75 years of age, and melatonin can be perceived as a factor for recognizing cognitive impairment in elderly people who do not require constant medical assistance.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Knowledge, Awareness, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding COVID-19 Among Parents of Pediatric Dental Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110598
Author(s):  
Derya Ceyhan ◽  
Zuhal Kirzioglu ◽  
Feyza Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Children infected with COVID-19 have a critical part in community-based viral transmission. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviors of parents of pediatric dental patients on COVID-19 and to present required actions to prevent its spreading. A total of 524 parents took part in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for determining sociodemographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of parents, along with their COVID-19-related knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. In total, 90.6% of parents were unaware that disease may show no symptoms; 61.1% and 32.6% did not know roles of “close contact with asymptomatic patients” and “dentistry practices” in transmission, respectively; 30.2% thought it could be transmitted to their children at dental clinics, and only 16.4% stated their children as carriers. Parents need to be informed on COVID-19 transmission through contact with asymptomatic individuals, risks associated with dentistry practices, and role of children in transmission.

Optimismus und Pessimismus bei Vorschulkindern

Diagnostica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Sakari Lemola ◽  
Antje von Suchodoletz ◽  
Katri Räikkönen ◽  
Catherine Gunzenhauser
Keyword(s):  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Orientation Test

Zusammenfassung. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Untersuchung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften, faktoriellen Struktur und konvergenten Validität der deutschsprachigen Version des Parent Rated Life Orientation Test of Children (PLOT) zur Messung von Optimismus und Pessimismus bei 4 bis 6-jährigen Vorschulkindern. Eltern von 145 Kindergartenkindern (77 Mädchen; Alter: M = 5.0, SD = 0.6 Jahre) schätzten Optimismus und Pessimismus sowie Emotionsregulation der Kinder ein. Außerdem wurde das Problemverhalten der Kinder (Eltern- und Erzieherinneneinschätzung) erfasst. Konsistent zu Studien mit Schulkindern und Jugendlichen zeigte sich eine zweidimensionale Faktorenstruktur mit einem Optimismus- und einem Pessimismusfaktor. Die Ergebnisse ergaben theoriekonforme Zusammenhänge mit Problemverhalten und Emotionsregulation der Kinder. Insgesamt weisen die gefundenen Reliabilitäts- und Validitätswerte auf eine gute Verwendbarkeit des PLOT bei Vorschulkindern hin. Das neue Messverfahren kann einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis von Zukunftserwartungen bei Vorschulkindern leisten und als Screening-Instrument zur Identifikation von Kindern mit einem Entwicklungsrisiko dienen.

Revised Life Orientation Test

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Scheier ◽  
Charles S. Carver ◽  
Michael W. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Orientation Test

Autoconcepto, ansiedad y comprensión lectora en estudiantes de educación secundaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Héctor Alvarado Collantes ◽  
Ángela María Herrera Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Orientation Test

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la relación existente entre autoconepto personal, nivel de ansiedad y comprensión lectora en estudiantes de educación secundaria. El diseño que se reporta es descriptivo correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 260 estudiantes varones y mujeres del VII ciclo de educación secundaria del colegio N°0025, del distrito de Ate, de la Urbanización San Gregorio, a quienes se les aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: el cuestionario de autoconcepto personal (APE) de Eider Goñi Palacios (2009); la escala de ansiedad, el LOT, y el LOT-R; Life Orientation Test, de Sheier, Carver y Bridges (1994); y la prueba de comprensión lectora de Cabanillas (2004). A partir del análisis de los resultados, se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre autoconcepto personal, nivel de ansiedad y comprensión lectora en estudiantes de educación secundaria.

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