scholarly journals A cross sectional study on prescribing pattern for children at primary health care clinics

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3149
Author(s):  
Archana Jorige ◽  
Lohitha B. ◽  
Lavanya S. L.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Rational prescribing for pediatrics is very essential as there is increased risk from the use of medicines in them due to multiple reasons ranging from altered pharmacokinetics to long-term side effects. Drug related needs of children must be assessed on individual basis to meet appropriate health care out comes. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at assessing drug use pattern and rationality in prescribing pattern as per World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators.Methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in private primary health care clinics of Hyderabad, Telangana State. A total number of 300 prescriptions for children were reviewed. Patients' demographic characters, diagnosis, and drugs prescribed were recorded in a pre-structured and validated data collection form.Results: Average number of drugs per prescription is 1.92. Fever and upper respiratory tract infections were found to be common complaints in this age group. Paracetamol is the mostly prescribed medication and among prescribed antibiotics, Fluroquinolones occupied major part. 67.3% of drugs were from the WHO model list of essential medicines for children. The percentage of drugs prescribed with generic names is very less.Conclusions: In this study it was found that the prescription pattern in the selected primary healthcare centers in Hyderabad was in compliance with the WHO prescribing indicators except the generic prescribing practice.

scholarly journals Risco cardiovascular em usuários hipertensos da atenção primária à saúde

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmilla Borges Santos ◽  
Wellington Luiz Lima ◽  
Josiane Maria Oliveira Souza ◽  
Marcia Cristina Da Silva Magro ◽  
Tayse Tâmara Paixão Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diuretic Drugs ◽  
Insuficiencia Cardiaca

RESUMOObjetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao risco de doenças cardiovasculares em usuários da atenção primária à saúde (APS) hipertensos. Método: estudo quantitativo e transversal realizado com 115 usuários hipertensos cadastrados em uma unidade básica de saúde (UBS). Os dados foram registrados em questionáriosemiestruturado. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial (teste t de Student e regressão logística multivariada). Valores p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: houve predomínio do sexo feminino (67,8%), idosos (> 60 anos) (66,1%), em uso contínuo de diuréticos (65,2%). Ao estratificar os usuários da APS de acordo com o risco para doenças cardiovasculares, observou-se que a maioria apresentou risco elevado (59,1%), risco médio (26,1%) e baixo risco (14,8%). Estão associados ao maior risco de eventos cardiovasculares os hipertensos com diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0,000), infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) (p = 0,000), insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) (p = 0,000) e aqueles em uso de diuréticos (p = 0,001). Conclusão: usuários da APS hipertensos com DM, IAM, ICC e em uso de diuréticos evoluíram com maior risco de evento cardiovascular. Nesse contexto, faz-se necessário proporcionar uma assistência integrada e pautada na prevenção não apenas para minimizar a ocorrência de complicações, mas principalmente para prolongar qualitativamente a vida dos usuários da APS hipertensos. Descritores: Hipertensão; Doenças Cardiovasculares; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Fatores de Risco; Consulta de Enfermagem; Assistência à Saúde.ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the factors associated with risk for cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive primary health care (PHC) users. Method: quantitative and cross-sectional study conducted with 115 hypertensive users enrolled in a Brazilian primary health center (UBS). Data were recorded in a semi-structured questionnaire. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed (Student’s t-test and multivariate logistic regression). P values < 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results: there was predominance of women (67.8%), the elderly (> 60 years) (66.1%), continuous users of diuretic drugs (65.2%). By stratifying PHC users according to the risk for cardiovascular diseases, we observed that the majority showed high risk (59.1%), medium risk (26.1%), and low risk (14.8%). Hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.000), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (p = 0.000), congestive heart failure (CHF) (p = 0.000), and those using diuretic drugs (p = 0,001) are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Conclusion: hypertensive patients with DM, AMI, CHF, and those using diuretic drugs evolved with a greater risk for a cardiovascular event. In this context, there is a need for providing an integrated and preventive care based on prevention not only to minimize the occurrence of complications, but mainly to extend the life of hypertensive PHC users on a qualitative basis. Descriptors: Hypertension; Cardiovascular Diseases; Primary Health Care; Risk Factors; Office Nursing; Delivery of Health Care.                                                       RESUMENObjetivo: identificar los factores asociados con el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en usuarios de la atención primaria de salud (APS) hipertensos. Método: estudio cuantitativo y transversal realizado con 115 usuarios hipertensos inscritos en un centro de salud primaria (UBS) brasileño. Los datos se registraron en un cuestionario semi-estructurado. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial (prueba t de Student y regresión logística multivariable). Los valores p < 0,05 se consideraron significativos. Resultados: hubo predominio de mujeres (67,8%), ancianos (> 60 años) (66,1%), usuarios continuos de diuréticos (65,2%). Al estratificar a usuarios de la APS de acuerdo con el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, observamos que la mayoría mostraba alto riesgo (59,1%), medio riesgo (26,1%) y bajo riesgo (14,8%). Los pacientes hipertensos con diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0,000), infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) (p = 0,000), insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (ICC) (p = 0,000) y aquellos que usan diuréticos (p = 0,001) están asociados con un mayor riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares. Conclusión: pacientes hipertensos con DM, IAM, ICC y aquellos que usan diuréticos evolucionaron con un mayor riesgo de evento cardiovascular. En este contexto, existe la necesidad de proporcionar una atención integrada y preventiva basada en la prevención no solo para minimizar la aparición de complicaciones, sino principalmente para extender la vida de los usuarios de la APS hipertensos sobre una base cualitativa. Descriptores: Hipertensión; Enfermedades Cardiovasculares; Atención Primaria de Salud; Factores de Riesgo; Enfermería de Consulta; Prestación de Atención de Salud.

scholarly journals The prevalence of underweight in children aged 5 years and younger attending primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area, Free State

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Koetaan ◽  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Anke Liebenberg ◽  
Marietjie Brits ◽  
Christos Halkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Free State ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
History Of

Background: The Constitution of South Africa stipulates that all children have the right to basic nutrition; however, a great number of South African children are underweight for age. It is important to address malnutrition as it is associated with more than 50% of all child deathsin developing countries and also increases the risk for infective diseases.Aim: To determine the prevalence of underweight in children aged 5 years and younger attending primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area, Free State, and determine the possible underlying causes thereof.Setting: Six preselected primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical information and anthropometric measurements were collected from the children’s Road-to-Health clinic cards,obtained from the children’s caregivers.Results: In total, 240 children were included, of which 51.7% were girls. The median age was 7.5 months. The weight-for-age graph revealed that 7.7% (95% confidence interval: 4.8%;11.9%) of children were underweight or severely underweight for age. Length-for-age and weight-for-height graphs were mostly incomplete. Underweight children differed from normal weight children regarding birth weight (low birth weight 70.6% vs. 12.4%) and history of malnutrition (60.0% vs. 7.1%).Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight in children aged 0–5 years attending primary health care clinics in Mangaung is 7.7% based on information available from Road-to-Healthcards. This figure could be higher if these cards were filled in more accurately. A low birth weight and history of malnutrition are associated with underweight.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Troponin T Testing in the Management of Patients with Chest Pain in the Swedish Primary Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Nilsson ◽  
Per O. Andersson ◽  
Lars Borgquist ◽  
Ewa Grodzinsky ◽  
Magnus Janzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cost

Objective. To investigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical benefit of point-of-care Troponin T testing (POCT-TnT) in the management of patients with chest pain. Design. Observational, prospective, cross-sectional study with followup. Setting. Three primary health care (PHC) centres using POCT-TnT and four PHC centres not using POCT-TnT in the southeast of Sweden. Patients. All patients ≥35 years old, contacting one of the primary health care centres for chest pain, dyspnoea on exertion, unexplained weakness, and/or fatigue with no other probable cause than cardiac, were included. Symptoms should have commenced or worsened during the last seven days. Main Outcome Measures. Emergency referrals, patients with acute myocardial infarctions (AMI), or unstable angina (UA) within 30 days of study enrolment. Results. 25% of the patients from PHC centres with POCT-TnT and 43% from PHC centres without POCT-TnT were emergently referred by the GP (P=0.011 ). Seven patients (5.5%) from PHC centres with POCT-TnT and six (8.8%) from PHC centres without POCT-TnT were diagnosed as AMI or UA (P=0.369). Two patients with AMI or UA from PHC centres with POCT-TnT were judged as missed cases in primary health care. Conclusion. The use of POCT-TnT may reduce emergency referrals but probably at the cost of an increased risk to miss patients with AMI or UA.

scholarly journals  Risk Factors associated with Fetal and Pregnancy Complications in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana ’ Al-Aqqad ◽  
Nihal Al-Natour ◽  
Mariam Al-Tell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fetal Complications

Abstract Background: Complications observed during pregnancy affect both mother and fetus, and are more commonly observed among pregnant women from developing countries. The study aims to identify the most common pregnancy and fetal complications during pregnancy, and associated risk factors with these complications. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted from September 2017 to July 2018 among pregnant women attending and registering in primary health care clinics of the Palestinian Ministry of Health in Nablus city. Data were collected through interviews and by reviewing medical records. Women were followed up during their regular visits to the primary health care clinics. Any complication affecting either the fetus or the mother during the pregnancy period was recorded. Binary logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for pregnancy and fetal complications. Results: A total of 380 pregnant women were included in the study. The most common complications seen among women during pregnancy were preterm labor (PTL) (11.3%), followed by an equal number of gestational diabetes (GDM) and pregnancies induce hypertension (PIH), i.e. (7.9%). Large for gestational age (LGA) (11.6 %) and small for gestational age (SGA) (10.5%) were the most commonly observed fetal complications. Pregnant women living in camps (O.R 2.35, 95% [CI] 1.02- 5.45), nulliparity (O.R 14.9, 95% [CI] 1.09-202.5) and low parity women (O.R 16.8, 95% [CI] 1.47- 192.5) were at higher risk of having pregnancy complications. However, lower risk was noticed between women with gravida 4 (O.R 0.11, 95% [CI] 0.03-0.47) compared to women having more than 6 pregnancies. Age younger than 41 years was a protective factor against fetal complications, while parity (≤ 6 parities) especially 4 to 6 parities (OR 36.17; 95% CI 4.88-268) and active smoking mothers (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.0-3.07) were identified as risk factors that are associated with an increased risk of fetal complications. Conclusions: Fetal and pregnancy-related complications are prevalent among Palestinian pregnant women. Increasing the awareness and improving the understanding of the identified risk factors related to these complications among the public, and specifically, females may help to reduce the prevalence of these conditions and the associated risk of these complications.

scholarly journals Determinants of access to primary health care for the elderly in the province of Essaouira

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 02021
Author(s):  
Hicham Mejdouli ◽  
Abdellatif Baali ◽  
Hakima Amor ◽  
Nadia Ouzennou
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health

Morocco is experiencing demographic and epidemiological changes marked by an increase in the proportion of elderly people accompanied by a growing prevalence of chronic diseases and disabilities, thus leading to an increase in the demand for health care. the Moroccan health system therefore faces the challenge of meeting the specific needs of older populations in terms of access to and use of health care services. To achieve this, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends a community-based approach, based on primary health care facilities (PHCFs), to the provision of services for older people. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study based on a quantitative approach. The survey was carried out via a questionnaire intended for a sample of 739 people aged 60 years and over attending the ESSPs in the province of Essaouira between January and February of the year 2020. Our study has allowed us to understand the determinants related to the use of PHC by the elderly in the province of Essaouira. These determinants concern the characteristics of the elderly as well as the organisational and institutional aspects of the care offer. The bivariate analysis of the results showed a statistically significant association between the use of PHC by the elderly and the area of residence, gender, level of education, distance travelled to health facilities, quality of reception, and availability of medicines. Policymakers are called upon to consider the determinants of the use of PHC in order to better address the health needs of older people, and also to respond to WHO guidance in this area.

scholarly journals WASH infrastructure and practices in primary health care clinics in the rural Vhembe District municipality in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Potgieter ◽  
N. T. Banda ◽  
P. J. Becker ◽  
A. N. Traore-Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Vhembe District

Abstract Background South Africa has unique and diverse social and economic factors that have an impact on the provision of basic water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management infrastructure and practices at health care facilities in ensuring patient safety and prevent the spread of diseases. Methods The aim of this study was to evaluate water, sanitation and hygiene access and standards at 50 government owned public health care clinics in the rural region of the Vhembe district of South Africa during 2016/2017, using self-observation, an observation checklist, record reviews and interviews with clinic managers. Water quality from all available water sources on the clinic compound was analysed for Total coliform and E. coli counts using the Colilert Quanti-tray/2000 system. The prevalence of pathogenic diarrhea causing E. coli strains was established using multiplex-Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results The health care clinics in the Vhembe District generally complied with the basic WASH services guidelines according to the World Health Organisation. Although 80% of the clinics used borehole water which is classified as an improved water source, microbiological assessment showed that 38% inside taps and 64% outside taps from the clinic compounds had TC counts higher than guideline limits for safe drinking. Similarly, EC counts above the guideline limit for safe drinking water were detected in 17% inside taps and 32% outside taps from the clinic compounds. Pathogenic EAEC, EPEC, ETEC and EHEC strains were isolated in the collected water samples. Although improved sanitation infrastructures were present in most of the clinics, the sanitary conditions of these toilets were not up to standard. Waste systems were not adequately managed. A total of 90% of the clinics had hand washing basins, while only 61% of the clinics had soap present and only 64% of the clinics had adequate signs and posters reminding the staff, care givers and patients to wash their hands. Conclusions Various WASH aspects within the primary health care system in South Africa needs to be improved and corrected. A more rigorous system that is inclusive of all role players in the WASH sectors, with regular monitoring and training sessions, should be used.

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