scholarly journals Factors influencing incomplete immunization among under five years old children at CHUK hospital, Nyarugenge district, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3787
Author(s):  
Chinenye Mercy Nwankwo ◽  
Elizabeth Orua
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Study Results

Background: Low-income countries still have challenges with vaccine-preventable diseases, despite improvement in immunization coverage in Rwanda, cases of drop out and incomplete immunization persists.Methods: The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional approach with the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques on a population of 186 guardians/mothers with their under five children. Convenience sampling techniques was used to draw study sample size of 127 that attends the clinic and approval to participate in the study.  Data was obtained from validated study instruments and immunization records over a period of one month.Results: Study results showed that religion (p=0.01), gender (p=0.03), age (p=0.009) and educational status (p=0.04) influenced incomplete immunizations. About 78 (61.4%) respondents are unaware that vaccines prevents specific diseases, while 61 (48.0%) were too busy with other duty at the time of immunizations and 89 (70.1%) Participants do not see the need to complete the immunization. Furthermore, the age of the mother Knowledge of child immunization and hospital delivery were statistically significant with (p<0.05). Immunization cards and histories verified showed about 120 (94.4%) children were fully immunized, 46(24.5 %) were partially immunized and 67 (52.8%) children immunized before age one.Conclusions: A number of children were not fully immunized in their first year of life; others were inappropriately vaccinated. Emphasis made on completion of immunization schedule.

Assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Audu Onyemocho ◽  
Agwa Moses ◽  
Aboh Kisani ◽  
Omole Namben Victoria ◽  
Anejo-Okopi Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Rabies, one of the oldest and fatal infectious diseases known to human race, is transmitted by infected dogs. The global target of zero dog-mediated rabies human deaths has been set for 2030; however, the realization of this goal poses challenges in most low-income countries where rabies is endemic due to weak surveillance. Dogs have been increasingly deployed for domestic uses over the years, especially for security purposes. This study assessed the assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was employed to study 400 dog owners in Makurdi metropolis through multistage sampling techniques. Sighting of valid dog vaccination card was used as criteria for current vaccination. Bivariate analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the respondent knowledge of rabies and dog vaccination with significant value set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 31 (Â ± 0.8) years, majority of them had tertiary and secondary education (40.0% and 39.0%, respectively), 26.0% were traders, and 50.0% were married. Overall, 73.0% of the respondents had good knowledge score, 61.0% had seen at least a rabid dog in their life time, and 74.0% have a history of dog vaccination, but evidence of up to date vaccination of dogs by owners was seen in only 18.0% of all the vaccination cards sighted. The relationship between the educational status of the respondents, their knowledge score, and their dog vaccination was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of rabies among dog owners in Makurdi was good, but the practice of dog vaccination was poor. Educational status was a good predictor of practice. Awareness campaign on dog vaccination should be strengthened and adequate measures should be put in place at the veterinary hospitals in Makurdi for vaccination of dogs.

scholarly journals Knowledge and perceptions regarding immunization among mothers of under five children: a community study from South Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Navaneetha N. ◽  
Sherin Billy Abraham ◽  
Thushara Thomas ◽  
Rose Mary ◽  
Bhuvanendu . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Study Population

Background: Immunization coverage is undisputedly the most effective health status and outcome indicator.  Though India is effectively organizing vaccination campaigns, a large majority of children are often left out. Strong anti-vaccination propaganda is influencing the decision of parents. This study was initiated in the context of vaccine-preventable disease outbreak rising recently in Kerala to assess the knowledge and practices of mothers of children less than five years regarding immunization.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 140 women with children less than 5 years. Sample was drawn from the rural and urban field practice areas of a tertiary care teaching hospital. A pilot tested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practices of immunization among mothers of under-five children. Chi-Square test was used to find the association between dichotomous variables.Results: In the study group 96.4% of the children were fully immunized. Mean score on knowledge regarding immunization among the study population was 6.45 (SD=1.84). Majority (89%) of the mothers agreed on the importance of vaccination. More than half (57.1%) had heard of anti-vaccination campaign and 24.3% were influenced by it at one time or the other. Higher knowledge score was associated with mothers residing in urban area, better occupation of mother and educational status of father. Age of child, sex, religion, type of family did not influence knowledge level. Factors influencing the perceived importance of vaccination are better occupation of father, higher education status of father and mother.Conclusions: Vaccination was perceived significant for child’s health. Immunization coverage in the study population was high. The level of knowledge regarding immunization among the study population was poor. Anti-vaccination campaign has influenced the population at one time or the other.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attittude and practice among mothers of under five children on immunization

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
K. K. Lamiya ◽  
Jesha Mohammedali Mundodan ◽  
Sheela P. Haveri
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Attitude And Practice

Background: Many parents have poor understanding of vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) and many believe in false propagations about the contents, side effects and effectiveness of vaccines. Lack of good knowledge and positive attitude about childhood immunization was believed to be the root cause for resurgence of VPDs. Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding childhood immunization among mothers of under five children.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among mothers with at least one child in the under-five age group residing in the rural field practice area of a teaching institution. Assuming 61% mothers have good knowledge (Mangalore study) the sample size was calculated to be 235 with 20% error and 1.5 design effect. Data was collected with the help of pretested semi structured questionnaire by interviewing 15 eligible mothers from each of 16 wards. Descriptive analysis was done.Results: The average age of the participants was 27.30±5.42 years with many of them educated up to 10th grade (40.3%) and most being housewife (74.5%). Knowledge of mothers regarding the diseases that can be prevented by immunization was fairly good. But the knowledge regarding individual vaccines, their dosages and schedule were found to be low. Majority of mothers had good attitude about immunization. Immunization coverage of the locality was relatively good (87.7%). Significant relation was established between attitude and practice. Sick at the time of vaccination was the most common cause of being partially immunised (68.96%).Conclusions: Intensify the awareness classes for mothers and religious leaders on immunisation.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Solomon Adnew ◽  
Alebachew Demelash ◽  
Makda Abate
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Debre Berhan

Abstract Background: Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 children under-five deaths and 1.7 billion cases globally and is the second leading cause of death among children under-five every year. It is a major public health problem in low income countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 parent or caretaker/children pairs in Debre Berhan town between 13–18 April 2018. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-info computer software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Window Version-16 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the level of significance. Results: The two week prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five was 16.4% (69/351). Children aged 7-11 months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 - 15.3), being the second-born child (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 - 8.5), not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 - 91.3) and feeding children by hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of diarrhea. Conclusions: This study revealed that the two weeks period prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five years was 16.4%. Education programs on the importance of vaccination against rotavirus, increasing breast feeding frequency with complementary food after six months and the critical points of hand washing are recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Solomon Adnew ◽  
Alebachew Demelash ◽  
Makda Abate
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Debre Berhan

Abstract Background: Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 children under-five deaths and 1.7 billion cases globally and is the second leading cause of death among children under-five every year. It is a major public health problem in low income countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 parent or caretaker/children pairs in Debre Berhan town between 13–18 April 2018. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-info computer software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Window Version-16 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the level of significance. Results: The two week prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five was 16.4% (69/351). Children aged 7-11 months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 - 15.3), being the second-born child (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 - 8.5), not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 - 91.3) and feeding children by hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of diarrhea. Conclusions: This study revealed that the two weeks period prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five years was 16.4%. Education programs on the importance of vaccination against rotavirus, increasing breast feeding frequency with complementary food after six months and the critical points of hand washing are recommended.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS SUPPLEMENTARY IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITIES (SIA) AMONG MOTHERS IN CHERAS, KUALA LUMPUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Mohd Rohaizat Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Afham Azman ◽  
Chong Li Yong ◽  
Tengku Mardhiah Tengku Nazmi ◽  
Nurul Najwa Abdul Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Supplementary Immunization Activities ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Among the main reasons for re-emergence of vaccine preventable diseases were missed or incomplete immunization schedule. The supplementary immunization activity (SIA) is an important intervention done to provide complete immunization coverage among those children. Better outcome came along with good knowledge and perception on the program. Thus, this study aims to assess the level of knowledge and perception of the mothers towards SIA program. A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers with children ≤ 15 years old in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. Data was collected by interview using the guided questionnaire consists of four sections to assess the socio demographic, socio economic, knowledge and perception regarding SIA. The questionnaire was validated for internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha 0.461 for knowledge and 0.729 for perception. A total of 105 respondents with the median age of 33 years (IQR: 28-38) with majority of them are Malays (82.9%), Muslim (83.8%), married (97.1%) and (57.1%) with 1- 2 child in the family. Half of them were from low income family (46.7%) and had secondary education level (54.3%) and were housewives (47.6%). One third of the respondents (33%) never heard about SIA before. Overall had poor knowledge (82.9%) and perception (95.2%) towards SIA. There is a significant association between the level of knowledge on SIA with household income (χ^2=7.746, p=0.019) and occupation (χ^2=6.457, p<0.05). However, there was no significant association between the socio demographic and socio-economic factors and perception towards SIA. In conclusion, the knowledge and perception among mothers on SIA are still poor. More intensive health educations may be useful to be incorporated within the program implementation to increase the community understanding and perception towards SIA in the future.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Solomon Adnew ◽  
Alebachew Demelash ◽  
Makda Abate
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Debre Berhan

Abstract Background: Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 children under-five deaths and 1.7 billion cases globally and is the second leading cause of death among children under-five every year. It is a major public health problem in low income countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 parent or caretaker/children pairs in Debre Berhan town between 13–18 April 2018. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-info computer software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Window Version-16 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the level of significance. Results: The two week prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five was 16.4% (69/351). Children aged 7-11 months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 - 15.3), being the second-born child (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 - 8.5), not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 - 91.3) and feeding children by hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of diarrhea. Conclusions: This study revealed that the two weeks period prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five years was 16.4%. Education programs on the importance of vaccination against rotavirus, increasing breast feeding frequency with complementary food after six months and the critical points of hand washing are recommended.

scholarly journals Towards Ending Immunization Inequity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Anna Victoria Sangster ◽  
Jane M. Barratt
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Recommendations ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Entry Points

Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) are responsible for a significant portion of mortality across the life course in both low-income countries and in medium- and high-income countries. Yet, countries are consistently below the adult influenza vaccination targets, with rates in recent times even falling in some areas. (1) The study Towards Ending Immunization Inequity seeks to understand the various factors that contribute to the accessibility and effectiveness of vaccine-related messages and campaigns including the effects of social determinants, with the knowledge that these opportunities for communication represent a unique policy lever to improving uptake rates of vaccination in the most at-risk communities. (2) To address this knowledge gap, a 3-phase mixed-methods study was conducted including a preliminary scan of existing vaccine schedules and NITAG recommendations, focus groups and a cross-sectional survey. (3) Study results indicated that social determinants play a key role in an individual’s knowledge of vaccine-related information including types of vaccines available, vaccination gateways, vaccine recommendations and vaccine safety. (4) However, knowing that social determinants can influence uptake rates does not readily create opportunities and entry points for governments to implement tangible actions. An accessible entry point to reducing and ending immunization inequity is through changes in public health messaging to reach those who are currently unreachable.

scholarly journals Morbidity Profile of Under Five Children Residing in Barbote Village Development Committee of Ilam District of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-559
Author(s):  
Khem Raj Sharma ◽  
Suyash Dawadi ◽  
Pawan Upadhayaya ◽  
Vijay Kumar Khanal ◽  
Suman Bahadur Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Management Information System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Introduction: In 2017, the under five mortality rate in low-income countries was 69 deaths per 1000 live births–around 14 times the average rate in high-income countries. Children constitute a vulnerable group and the first five years can be considered as a transition phase from the mother's womb to a social platform. Morbidity status of very young children is considered to be an important index of the health status of the community. However, studies done to assess the morbidity profile of Children in rural Nepal are few, and the children's health status is largely unknown. The information collected through Health Management Information System (HMIS) of Nepal Government mainly represent the population that accessed the services but do not represent the population that utilized private clinics/hospitals or did not access it at all. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the morbidity status of under-five children and its associated factors in Barbote Village Development Commitiee (VDC) of Ilam district of eastern Nepal. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among all the eligible under five children of Barbote VDC of Ilam District for two weeks from 16-30 March, 2016. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the legal guardian/ caretaker of the children with pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Calibrated & validated equipment were used for simple biophysical measurements. Odds Ratio (OR) with confidence limit was calculated to examine the strength of association between the variables with the probability of significance set at 95% of Confidence interval (CI).Ethical permission was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan. Results: Of the total 406 under-five children studied, 35.5% complained of illness such as acute respiratory infection, diarrhea and fever within the past two weeks. Regression analysis by the backward conditional method disclosed the fact that children of households with low socioeconomic status and those using biomass fuel for cooking were significantly associated with presence of illness. Conclusion: More than one-third of the under-five children in BarboteVDC of eastern Nepal were found to be ill mostly due to preventable causes. Factors significantly associated with the presence of illness included the use of biomass fuel and low socio-economic status. 

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers Towards Immunization of Children Under-Five Years in Farato, Gambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Lamin Kanyi
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Globally, immunization coverage dropped from 86% in 2019 to 83% in 2020. An estimated 23 million children under one year did not receive basic vaccines, which is the highest number since 2009. Thus, this study aimed at identifying factors influencing the knowledge and attitude of mothers of under-five children towards immunization in Farato, The Gambia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the peri-urban community of Farato. A sample of 132 mothers were conveniently sampled and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, and proportions were used to present the results of this study. The study revealed a low level of knowledge of mothers towards immunization. About 25% of mothers cannot clearly explain immunization; 23% knew that the first vaccine dose should be administered to a child at birth or soon after, and 60% were found to be unaware if their children were immunized. This indicates that the concept of immunization is not even clear to mothers and also showcased inadequate knowledge. However, 70% highlighted that immunization prevents infections and enhances child survival. Inadequate knowledge about immunization, literacy and education level, occupation of mothers, inadequate information from health workers, and limited information among mothers were major influencing factors to drop-out of immunization uptake. The study suggests that mothers need to be taught what immunization is about and its importance to children. At health facilities and clinic sites, health workers need to continue communicating to mothers on the importance of immunization to enlighten them about immunization.

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