scholarly journals A literature review on depression and its risk factors among people suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Asian sub-continent

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4653
Author(s):  
Amrit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Basic Activity

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. It has been suggested that emotional disturbances such as depression and anxiety are common among patients with COPD. This review aims to highlight the presence of depression and associated risk factors among patients suffering from COPD in Asia. Fifty-eight observational studies were retrieved through data sources like PubMed, Medical subject heading (MeSH) search and Google scholar. After thorough screening total thirteen studies were identified and included in this review. Based on the results of these studies, the south and west Asian countries had higher proportion of depression. However, risk factor results were mixed which includes severity of obstruction/global initiative for obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria, Stage 2 COPD, teetotallers, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, and exercise (BODE) index, urban residence, female gender, education level, dyspnoea, low income, poor Quality of life (QOL) scores, age, poor self-reported health, basic activity of daily living (BADL) disability. Further superior research studies with larger sample size are required on Asian population. All in all, it is recommended that early diagnosis and treatment of depression should be included as a part of management in COPD as it can help to minimize the risk of morbidity and mortality in the patients.

Role of Capnograghy during weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramy Karem Ali Ali ◽  
Yasser Mosafa Mohammed Mostafa ◽  
Tamer Mohammed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airway, acute exacerbations of COPD can lead to progressive respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation. Weaning of these patients may prove difficult and a spontaneous breath trial should be provided before the decision of extubation. Aim To evaluate the role of capnograghy in COPD patients during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Subject and methods This was a cross sectional prospective study conducted on 50 patients who were admitted at the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit of Abbassia Chest hospital and diagnosed as COPD and on mechanical ventilation. During the weaning trial, the role of capnography device evaluated considering the ability of Pet CO2 parameter in predicting hypercapnia and subsequently weaning outcome Results The changes in ABG reading before and after the SBT, PaCO2 and Pet CO2 showed significant elevation at the end of SBT,P=0.001 for both, while O2 saturation was significantly decrease at the end of SBT, P0.001. Conclusion The study found that Pa CO2 and PetCO2 are correlated to each other before, during and after SBT. Most of the studies that was found reported that PetCO2 is highly correlated with Paco2 and that PetCO2 may be a rapid and reliable predictor of arterial PaCO2 in respiratory distress.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Davey ◽  
Sherif Gonem ◽  
Salman Siddiqui ◽  
David Sprigings
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Global Initiative

The Global Initiative for Chronic Lung Disease (GOLD) states that ‘chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common preventable and treatable disease, is characterised by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and is associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles and gases. Exacerbations and comorbidities contribute to the overall severity in individual patients.’

scholarly journals The Role of Mitochondria and Oxidative/Antioxidative Imbalance in Pathobiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Jerzy Białas ◽  
Przemysław Sitarek ◽  
Joanna Miłkowska-Dymanowska ◽  
Wojciech Jerzy Piotrowski ◽  
Paweł Górski
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Carbonyl Stress ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Significant Factors

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable disease, characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. The major risk factor of COPD, which has been proven in many studies, is the exposure to cigarette smoke. However, it is 15–20% of all smokers who develop COPD. This is why we should recognize the pathobiology of COPD as involving a complex interaction between several factors, including genetic vulnerability. Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance is recognized as one of the significant factors in COPD pathogenesis. Numerous exogenous and endogenous sources of ROS are present in pathobiology of COPD. One of endogenous sources of ROS is mitochondria. Although leakage of electrons from electron transport chain and forming of ROS are the effect of physiological functioning of mitochondria, there are various intra- and extracellular factors which may increase this amount and significantly contribute to oxidative-antioxidative imbalance. With the coexistence with impaired antioxidant defence, all these issues lead to oxidative and carbonyl stress. Both of these states play a significant role in pathobiology of COPD and may account for development of major comorbidities of this disease.

scholarly journals Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting The Occurrence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Nurul Layly Firdausi ◽  
Kurnia Dwi Artanti ◽  
Chung-Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease caused by the occurrence of airflow limitation in the lungs and also causes 60% of all deaths in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors that affect the incidence of COPD in Indonesia. Methods: This study was conducted in July–August 2019 in Indonesia as an analytic research study with a cross-sectional design, using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey-5. The sample consisted of respondents aged >15 years, giving a total of 34,231 respondents. Data analysis was partially carried out using the chi-square test to analyze the relationships between the variables. Results: The majority of respondents were female, were aged <40 years, and had a low level of education. Risk factors for the development of COPD included, among others, an age of >40 years (p = 0.02; PR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02–1.41), male gender (p = 0.01; PR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.07–1.49), smoking (p = 0.01; PR = 1.22 ; 95% CI = 1.03–1.44), first smoking age < 40 years (p = 0.02; PR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.03–1.44), residence in urban areas (p = 0.01; PR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.20–1.70), being underweight (p = 0.01; PR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.76–2.66). Conclusions: The risk factors that affect the incidence of COPD include being aged >40 years, being male, smoking, taking up smoking when aged <40 years, urban residence, and being underweight.

scholarly journals Characterising undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Johnson ◽  
Stirling Bryan ◽  
Shahzad Ghanbarian ◽  
Don D. Sin ◽  
Mohsen Sadatsafavi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Unadjusted Analysis

SummaryBackgroundA significant proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain undiagnosed. Characterising these patients can increase our understanding of the ‘hidden’ burden of COPD and the effectiveness of case detection interventions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare patient and disease risk factors between patients with undiagnosed persistent airflow limitation and those with diagnosed COPD. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for observational studies of adult patients meeting accepted spirometric definitions of COPD. We extracted and pooled summary data on the proportion or mean of each risk factor among diagnosed and undiagnosed patients (unadjusted analysis), and coefficients for the adjusted association between risk factors and diagnosis status (adjusted analysis). This protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017058235).Findings2,083 records were identified through database searching and 16 articles were used in the meta-analyses. Diagnosed patients were less likely to have mild (v. moderate to very severe) COPD (odds ratio [OR] 0·30, 95% CI 0·24-0·37, 6 studies) in unadjusted analysis. This association remained significant but its strength was attenuated in the adjusted analysis (OR 0·72, 95% CI 0·58-0·89, 2 studies). Diagnosed patients were more likely to report respiratory symptoms such as wheezing (OR 3·51, 95% CI 2·19-5·63, 3 studies) and phlegm (OR 2·16, 95% CI 1·38-3·38, 3 studies), had more severe dyspnoea (modified Medical Research Council scale mean difference 0·52, 95% CI 0·40-0·64, 3 studies) and slightly greater smoking history than undiagnosed patients. Patient age, sex, current smoking status, and the presence of coughing were not associated with a previous diagnosis.InterpretationPatients with undiagnosed persistent airflow limitation had less severe airflow obstruction and fewer respiratory symptoms than diagnosed patients. This indicates that there is lower disease burden among undiagnosed patients compared to those with diagnosed COPD, which may significantly delay the diagnosis of COPD.FundingCanadian Institutes of Health Research.Declaration of interestsWe declare no competing interests.Author ContributionsMS, SB, and KJ formulated the study idea and designed the study. KJ and SG performed all data analyses and MS, SB and DS contributed to interpretation of findings. KJ wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors critically commented on the manuscript and approved the final version. MS is the guarantor of the manuscript.

scholarly journals Cytokine profile in the sputum of subjects with post-tuberculosis airflow obstruction and in those with tobacco related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Guiedem ◽  
Eric Walter Pefura-Yone ◽  
George Mondinde Ikomey ◽  
Céline Nkenfou ◽  
Martha Mesembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
P Values ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Previous studies have shown that tuberculosis (TB) is a risk factor for chronic airflow limitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as the result of chronic inflammation, usually related to noxious particles. Post-TB airflow obstruction and tobacco-related COPD have the same functional pathway characterized by persistent airflow limitation. We sought to compare the profile of 29 cytokines in the sputum of subjects with post-TB airflow obstruction and those with COPD related to tobacco.Results: The forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV/FVC) ratio were lower in the COPD patients with the history of smoking compared to the post-TB airflow obstruction subgroup. The stages of the disease were more advanced in COPD / tobacco patients. Among the cytokines, IL-1α, IL-1β, MIP-1β, sCD40L and VEGF levels were higher in COPD patients, compared to the controls with p values ​​of 0.003, 0.0001, 0.03, 0.0001 and 0.02 respectively. When the two COPD subgroups were compared, IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8 levels were higher in the COPD patients with the history of tobacco compared to the COPD patients with the history of TB with p-values ​​of 0.031, 0.05, 0.021 and 0.016, respectively. Conclusion: COPD related to tobacco is more severe than post-TB airflow obstruction. The pathogenesis of post-TB airflow obstruction appears to involve the cytokines IL-1RA, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17, GRO and sCD40L, while COPD related to tobacco involves more cytokines.

scholarly journals Cytokine profile in the sputum of subjects with post-tuberculosis airflow obstruction and in those with tobacco related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Guiedem ◽  
Eric Walter Pefura-Yone ◽  
George Mondinde Ikomey ◽  
Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou ◽  
Martha Mesembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
P Values ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Previous studies have shown that tuberculosis (TB) is a risk factor for chronic airflow limitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as the result of chronic inflammation, usually related to noxious particles. Post-TB airflow obstruction and tobacco-related COPD have the same functional pathway characterized by persistent airflow limitation. We sought to compare the profile of 29 cytokines in the sputum of subjects with post-TB airflow obstruction and those with COPD related to tobacco.Results: The forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV/FVC) ratio were lower in the COPD patients with the history of smoking compared to the post-TB airflow obstruction subgroup. The stages of the disease were more advanced in COPD / tobacco patients. Among the cytokines, IL-1α, IL-1β, MIP-1β, sCD40L and VEGF levels were higher in COPD patients, compared to the controls with p values ​​of 0.003, 0.0001, 0.03, 0.0001 and 0.02 respectively. When the two COPD subgroups were compared, IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8 levels were higher in the COPD patients with the history of tobacco compared to the COPD patients with the history of TB with p-values ​​of 0.031, 0.05, 0.021 and 0.016, respectively.Conclusion: COPD related to tobacco is more severe than post-TB airflow obstruction. The pathogenesis of post-TB airflow obstruction appears to involve the cytokines IL-1RA, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17, GRO and sCD40L, while COPD related to tobacco involves more cytokines.

scholarly journals Cytokine profile in the sputum of subjects with post-tuberculosis airflow obstruction and in those with tobacco related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Guiedem ◽  
Eric Walter Pefura-Yone ◽  
George Mondinde Ikomey ◽  
Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou ◽  
Martha Mesembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Functional Pathway

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that tuberculosis (TB) is a risk factor for chronic airflow limitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as the result of chronic inflammation, usually related to noxious particles. Post-TB airflow obstruction and tobacco-related COPD have the same functional pathway characterized by persistent airflow limitation. We sought to compare the profile of 29 cytokines in the sputum of subjects with post-TB airflow obstruction and those with COPD related to tobacco. Results The forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV/FVC) ratio were lower in the COPD patients with the history of smoking compared to the post-TB airflow obstruction subgroup. The stages of the disease were more advanced in COPD / tobacco patients. Among the cytokines, IL-1α, IL-1β, MIP-1β, sCD40L and VEGF levels were higher in COPD patients, compared to the controls with p values ​​of 0.003, 0.0001, 0.03, 0.0001 and 0.02 respectively. When the two COPD subgroups were compared, IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8 levels were higher in the COPD patients with the history of tobacco compared to the COPD patients with the history of TB with p-values ​​of 0.031, 0.05, 0.021 and 0.016, respectively. Conclusion COPD related to tobacco is more severe than post-TB airflow obstruction. The pathogenesis of post-TB airflow obstruction appears to involve the cytokines IL-1RA, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17, GRO and sCD40L, while COPD related to tobacco involves more cytokines.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Craig M. Riley ◽  
Jessica Bon ◽  
Alison Morris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are highly prevalent, non-malignant respiratory conditions that have increased dramatically in the past half century, both in high-income and low-middle-income countries. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and both COPD and asthma have a profound impact on quality of life for patients and their families. Tobacco smoke remains the single most important cause of COPD, but occupational and indoor exposures have increasingly been recognized as risk factors, especially among middle- and low-income individuals. Different patterns of genetic susceptibility independent of exposure result in variability of disease expression with many patients not developing clinical COPD, although they may still develop respiratory symptoms. COPD prevalence differs greatly between countries even when controlling for smoking rates. While much progress has been made in understanding biological pathways involved in asthma, the understanding of why asthma initially develops remains elusive. Although a large number of potential risk factors have been identified, none can explain the global increases in asthma prevalence observed over the last few decades. Prevalence trends between countries have also varied, with some countries continuing to experience increases in asthma rates and some rates levelling off or even declining. These trends cannot be explained by divergent epidemiological methods or population makeup alone. Asthma control, especially for severe asthmatics and for those with non-allergic phenotypes, remains a public health problem with more efficient interventions needed to encourage smoking cessation, improve air quality, and reduce allergen exposure.

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