scholarly journals Prenatal testosterone (2D: 4D Ratio) and its association with learning and memory in medical undergraduates – A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
K Muthu Prathibha ◽  
Kathrina Joseph ◽  
Dharunya Pachaiyappan ◽  
Soma Sri Harsha
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Prenatal Testosterone

The 2D:4D ratio is a sexually dimorphic trait, negatively related to prenatal testosterone which in turn influences the areas in brain, critical for learning and memory. The objective of the present study was to compare the 2D:4D ratios between sexes, right / left hands and correlate with mean scores of learning and memory. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 116 participants (80 males and 36 females) of 18 -19 years of age. Lengths of index and ring fingers were measured using vernier calipers to calculate 2D:4D ratios. Free & Placement recall and Working visual memory (Visual N Back test) were assessed. Verbal learning ability was assessed using Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Mean 2D:4D ratios of right hand (0.96±0.051) were significantly lower than left hand (0.98±0.1; p = 0.036). Females had higher ratios than males in both hands. In Free recall (FR) and Placement Recall (PR) tests, average hits and errors scores of females and males were comparable. In Visual N Back test, there were statistically significant correlations between 2D:4D ratios and mean hits & errors scores (M >F). The mean hits score in AVLT was lower in males (13.9±1.4) when compared to females (14.2±1.0). The findings of the present study can help us to associate a simple measure like 2D:4D ratio to learning abilities of an individual. Also, 2D:4D ratio, a non invasive measure can be used to evaluate one’s cognitive abilities with regard to memory and learning.

STUDYING OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION IN HUE CITY IN 2011

2012 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Xuan Doan ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Study Results

Children with mental retardation have low intelligence, slow thinking, low learning ability in comparison with the same age children. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of children with mental retardation in Hue City. 2. To study some characteristics of children with mental retardation. Materials and methodes: All children with mental retardation in Hue city. Cross sectional study. Results: The prevalence of children with mental retardation (CMR) among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. The highest prevalences ware in Phu Binh, Xuan Phu quarters (0.79 and 0.66%), lowest in Thuan Loc, Thuan Thanh quarters (0.03 and 0.06%). Children over 5 yrs old were 75.95%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities. More than 78% have late walking, 84% have late speaking. Conclusions: The prevalence of children with mental retardation among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities.

scholarly journals Cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with chronic fatigue: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 838-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Sulheim ◽  
Even Fagermoen ◽  
Øyvind Stople Sivertsen ◽  
Anette Winger ◽  
Vegard Bruun Wyller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Inhibition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo compare cognitive function in adolescents with chronic fatigue with cognitive function in healthy controls (HC).Study designCross-sectional study.SettingPaediatric department at Oslo University Hospital, Norway.Participants120 adolescents with chronic fatigue (average age 15.4 years; range 12–18) and 39 HC (average age 15.2 years; range 12–18).MethodsThe adolescents completed a neurocognitive test battery measuring processing speed, working memory, cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, verbal learning and verbal memory, and questionnaires addressing demographic data, depression symptoms, anxiety traits, fatigue and sleep problems. Parents completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), which measures the everyday executive functions of children.ResultsAdolescents with chronic fatigue had impaired cognitive function compared to HC regarding processing speed (mean difference 3.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.5, p=0.003), working memory (−2.4, −3.7 to −1.1, p<0.001), cognitive inhibition response time (6.2, 0.8 to 11.7, p=0.025) and verbal learning (−1.7, −3.2 to −0.3, p=0.022). The BRIEF results indicated that everyday executive functions were significantly worse in the chronic fatigue group compared to the HC (11.2, 8.2 to 14.3, p<0.001). Group differences remained largely unaffected when adjusted for symptoms of depression, anxiety traits and sleep problems.ConclusionsAdolescents with chronic fatigue had impaired cognitive function of clinical relevance, measured by objective cognitive tests, in comparison to HC. Working memory and processing speed may represent core difficulties.

Paranoidism and memory deficits: An epidemiological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S569-S569
Author(s):  
C.M. Calahorro ◽  
M. Guerrero Jiménez ◽  
B.M. Girela Serrano ◽  
J.E. Muñoz Negro
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundThe Green et al. Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS) was developed to fulfill a need for a tool that was adapted to the current dimensional definition of paranoia, capable to assess dimensions of preoccupation, conviction, and distress, valid and reliable for the assessment of both clinical and healthy populations, and precise enough to detect subtle clinical change. It has recently been validated for the Spanish population (S-GPTS) with very good psychometric properties. Numerous studies suggest that patients with severe psychiatric disorders have impaired sustained attention and memory. A wide spectrum of executive deficits have also been described (goal-oriented tasks, recognizing priority patterns, planning, etc.) Very few studies have attempted to identify whether these same relationships between neuropsychological deficits and psychotic symptoms also occur in general population.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. We undertook a multistage sampling using different standard stratification levels and out of the 5496 eligible participants finally approached, 4507 (83.7%) agreed to take part in the study, completed the interview and were finally included in the study (n = 4507).ResultsIndividuals with high cut off S-GPTS scores showed lower scores in working memory subtest verbal statistically significant(P > .05). While no significant difference was found among for immediate verbal learning subtest and high S-GPTS scores (P > .05654).DiscussionThis information can improve the clinician's understanding of patient's cognitive strength and weaknesses, put patients’ cognitive abilities into perspective for their diagnosis, and facilitate multidisciplinary treatment decisions as we improve our ability to distinguish clinical cases from non-clinical population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Cannabis and cognitive performance in psychosis: a cross-sectional study in patients with non-affective psychotic illness and their unaffected siblings

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Meijer ◽  
N. Dekker ◽  
M. W. Koeter ◽  
P. J. Quee ◽  
N. J. M. van Beveren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Reasoning

BackgroundThe relationship between cannabis use and cognitive functioning in patients with psychosis has yielded contradictory findings. In individuals at genetic high risk for psychosis, information is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the association between recency and frequency of cannabis use and cognitive functioning in patients with psychosis and their unaffected siblings.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 956 patients with non-affective psychosis, 953 unaffected siblings, and 554 control subjects. Participants completed a cognitive test battery including assessments of verbal learning, set shifting, sustained attention, processing speed, working memory, acquired knowledge, reasoning and problem solving and social cognition. Cannabis use was assessed by urinalysis and by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Using random-effect regression models the main effects of cannabis (recency and frequency) and the interaction with status (patient, sibling, control) on cognitive functioning were assessed.ResultsCurrent cannabis use was associated with poorer performance on immediate verbal learning, processing speed and working memory (Cohen's d −0.20 to −0.33, p<0.005). Lifetime cannabis use was associated with better performance on acquired knowledge, facial affect recognition and face identity recognition (Cohen's d+0.17 to +0.33, p<0.005). There was no significant interaction between cannabis and status on cognitive functioning.ConclusionsLifetime cannabis-using individuals might constitute a subgroup with a higher cognitive potential. The residual effects of cannabis may impair short-term memory and processing speed.

scholarly journals STRES TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN BELAJAR PADA MAHASISWA ANGKATAN 2013 FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veyna Reysa Talumewo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
P Value ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
The World

Abstract: Stress is the physical and psychological disorders caused by the changes and demands of life which influenced either by environmental and individual performance within that environment. Excess of stress can affect the health and learning ability of students. Stress in medical students is a phenomenon encountered throughout the world. This study aims to confirm the effect of stress on learning durability of students of class 2013 Sam Ratulangi University Faculty of Medicine. Methods: This research is an observational analytic using a cross-sectional study method and samples of 100 students. Result: Result found as many as 48,4% students who experience stress. Existing data is tested using Kendall's Tau correlation test, p-value is 0.136, indicating that the result of this study shows no effect of stress on durability of learning in1st semester students of class 2013 Sam Ratulangi University Faculty of Medicine. Key Words: Stress, learning durability.    Abstrak: Stres adalah gangguan pada fisik dan psikis yang disebabkan oleh perubahan dan tuntutan kehidupan, yang dipengaruhi baik oleh lingkungan maupun penampilan individu didalam lingkungan tersebut. Stres yang berlebihan ini dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan dan kemampuan belajar dari mahasiswa. Stres pada mahasiswa kedokteran merupakan fenomena yang ditemui di seluruh dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara stres terhadap daya tahan belajar mahasiswa angkatan 2013 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan observasional analitik dengan menggunakan metode cross sectional study dan sampel berjumlah 100 mahasiswa. Hasil: Didapati, sebanyak 48,4%  mahasiswa yang mengalami stres Data yang ada diuji menggunakan uji korelasi Kendall’s Tau, nilai p yang didapatkan adalah 0,136,  menunjukkan bahwa hasil penelitian ini tidak mempunyai pengaruh antara stres dengan daya tahan belajar pada mahasiswa semester 1 angkatan 2013 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Kata Kunci: Stres, daya tahan belajar.

scholarly journals Are Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Verbal Learning and Memory Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia? A Cross-Sectional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Lancon ◽  
Daniel Dassa ◽  
Jessica Fernandez ◽  
Raphaelle Richieri ◽  
Romain Padovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
With Memory

Objective. The aim of this study is to assess the relationships of cardiovascular risk factors with verbal learning and memory in patients with schizophrenia. Methods and Design. cross-sectional study. Inclusion Criteria. Diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. Data Collection. Sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood tests, and episodic memory using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Analysis. A multivariate analysis using multiple linear regressions was performed to determine variables that are potentially associated with verbal learning and memory. Results. One hundred and sixty-eight outpatients participated in our study. An association was found between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and memory impairment on measures of verbal learning, and short- and long-term memory. Among the different components of MeTS, hypertriglycerides, abdominal obesity, and low HDL cholesterol were the only factors associated with memory impairment. Alcohol dependence or abuse was associated with a higher rate of forgetting. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that MetS and alcohol use may be linked with memory impairment in schizophrenia. These findings provide important insights into the interdependencies of cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive disorders and support novel strategies for treating and preventing cognitive disorders in patients with schizophrenia.

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