The correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin levels with pure tone average values in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Hearing plays an important role in our daily activities, if it is impaired or lost the quality of life is affected by improper communication. The diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and affects all the systems in the body including auditory system. So assessment of hearing is important in diabetics to know the type, extent of hearing impairment which helps to take treatment decisions and preventive measures. Present study is focused on relationship between glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with pure tone average (PTA) values in type 2 diabetics. Type 2 diabetic patients with (WHI) and without (WoHI) hearing impairment, both the gender was included with age limit between 35-55 years and also ten normal subjects were included as controls. Pure tone average (PTA) is the average of hearing threshold levels at different frequencies; it gives information about an individual’s hearing level in each ear. All the data were expressed as mean ± SE. The mean were analyzed by one way ANOVA. Pearson correlation test was done to see the relationship between right and left ear PTA values in normal subjects, WoHI and WHI groups with HbA1c values. In both the groups pure tone average values are not statistically correlated with HbA1c. The left ear of both WoHI (P=0.977) and WHI (P=0.490) groups shows negative correlation with HbA1c. The HbA1c values are correlated with PTA values in all subjects. The pure tone audiometry is helpful to know the status of hearing sensitivity and type, severity of the hearing impairment in the T2DM patients in relation to HbA1c levels.

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Correlation Analysis Study between Hearing Loss Occurence and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang

Sains Medika ◽

10.26532/sainsmed.v6i1.338 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Citta Arunika Risyudhanti ◽

Agung Sulistyanto ◽

Suparmi Suparmi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Medical Records ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Hearing impairment due to cochlear damage is one complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between duration of DM2 with hearing impairment.Method: The analytic observasional study with the cross sectional design using the medical record of DM2 outpatient in internal clinic of Islamic Sultan Agung Hospital Semarang and also pure tone audiometric examination’s record in Otorynolaryngology clinic of Islamic Sultan Agung Hospital Semarang.31 medical records of DM2 patients were meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data consist of 18 medical records of patients with less than6 years duration of DM2, and 13 medical records of patients with more than 6 years duration of DM2. The pure tone audiometry was used to classified the hearing impairment. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0. The correlation between the duration of DM2 and hearing impairment was analyzed using Chi Square test. The significance relation between the duration of DM type 2 and hearing impairment was analyzed using cooficient contigency, with significance of < 0.05. Result: hearing impairment’s distribution frequency on tested ears in Sultan agung Islamic Hospital Semarang were 27 ears having SNHL type (43,5%), 19 ears having CHL (30,6%) and 16 ears were normal (25,8%), p = 0,02 (p < 0,05). Conclusion: There is a weak correlation between the DM 2 duration and the incidence of hearing impairment in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang.

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Perceived Hearing Handicap of Patients with Unilateral or Mild Hearing Loss

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949710600305 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 210-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Craig W. Newman ◽

Gerald A. Hug ◽

Gary P. Jacobson ◽

Sharon A. Sandridge

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Hearing Level ◽

Intersubject Variability ◽

Pure Tone Average ◽

Hearing Handicap ◽

Mild Hearing Loss ◽

The Individual

Using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA), we assessed self-perceived hearing handicap in a sample of 63 patients having either unilaterally normal hearing or a mild hearing loss (pure tone average ≤40 dB hearing level). Large intersubject variability in responses to the HHIA confirmed observations that reactions to minimal hearing impairment vary greatly among patients. The individual differences in responses highlight the importance of quantifying the perceived communication and psychosocial handicap, which cannot be determined from the audiogram alone. An item examination of responses to the HHIA revealed a number of emotional and social-situational problems encountered by patients with minimal hearing loss.

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711 Effect of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass on HbA1c As Well As Number of Medications in Diabetic Patients

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab259.187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽

Author(s):

M Bhandari ◽

M Rao ◽

G Bussa ◽

C Rao

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Obese Patients ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

Abstract Aim Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is known to ameliorate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in morbidly obese patients. We aimed to determine both the reduction in the glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and the number of anti-diabetic medications (including insulin) in diabetic patients undergoing RYGB over a five-year period. Method We reviewed data of diabetic patients (n = 530) who underwent RYGB from January 2012 – December 2017, including those with a minimum of a 2-year post-operative follow up (n = 47). Preoperatively, BMI, HbA1c and the number of anti-diabetic medications and the duration of T2DM since diagnosis were recorded. These measurements were repeated at the end of the two year follow up. Results At the time of enrolment in the bariatric programme, the median BMI was 42.5 (range, 31.7-61.5) kg/m2, mean duration of T2DM was 58 months and median HbA1c was 59 (37-118) mmol/mol. The mean number of anti-diabetic medications taken, including insulin, was 2. At the end of 2-year follow-up, the median BMI was 32 (range, 24-41) kg/m2 and HbA1c was 41(range, 33-91) mmol/mol. 15 patients (31.9%) still required anti-diabetic medication, 12 of whom had a diagnosis of T2DM for 3 years or more at time of enrolment. Conclusions RYGB is strongly associated with a resolution of T2DM in morbidly obese patients. In those who were not resolved, the number of anti-diabetic medications taken and HbA1c were reduced. The impact of the surgery is dependent on the duration of T2DM since diagnosis preoperatively.

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Comparison of Otoacoustic Emissions in Asymptomatic Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Hearing Control Groups

Ramathibodi Medical Journal ◽

10.33165/rmj.2019.42.2.139031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 12-20

Author(s):

Suwimol Ruencharoen ◽

Chanchai Jariengprasert ◽

Montip Tiensuwan ◽

Chardpraorn Ngarmukos

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Control Groups ◽

Cochlear Function ◽

Distortion Product

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder. Previous studies reported the hearing impairment of diabetes patients as a progressive bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) of gradual onset which predominantly affected the higher frequencies, and found that diabetic patients had unsatisfactory hearing thresholds than nondiabetics in the same age group. For the use of evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) as a clinical test of hearing, EOAEs are sound which can be recorded in the outer ear canal and give objective information about preneural, mechanical elements of the cochlear function. Objective: To compare the otoacoustic emissions of asymptomatic DM patients with a normal hearing control group. Methods: All subjects received a routine audiologic evaluation which consisted of pure-tone air-bone conduction tests, tympanograms, and stapedius acoustic reflex tests. OAEs were measured in 30 asymptomatic diabetic patients with a mean age of 55.73 years and an age-matched 30 subjects normal hearing control group with a mean age of 50.87 years. Results: The pure-tone thresholds at 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz; transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) amplitudes at 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 kHz; and the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) amplitudes at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz were significantly different (P < .05) between the asymptomatic and control groups. Conclusions: This study suggested that diabetic patients had a significant hearing impairment. SNHL is gradually progressive and is a common condition in DM patients and their thresholds for hearing are higher at higher frequencies.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE HEARING LEVELS AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED DIABETES MELLITUS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18749 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 248

Author(s):

Ranganatha Reddy ◽

Vinod Kumar ◽

Rakesh V ◽

Mahitha B ◽

Ashritha K ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Complete Case ◽

Pure Tone Average ◽

Hearing Function ◽

Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽

Threshold Testing ◽

Diabetic Care

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess and compare the hearing levels among individuals with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: Before conducting threshold testing, a complete case history was obtained and otoscopy completed. Blood samples were collected to assess glycated hemoglobin levels. Pure-tone average (PTA) was calculated from three frequencies (500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hz). PTA two was calculated from three frequencies (1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 4000 Hz). It is charted in the form of a graph called the “audiogram.”Results: Overall results showed that the PTA values were better for controlled DM patients when compared to uncontrolled DM which is statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: Observations from the study conclude on the massive need for screening hearing function as routine in diabetic care from the very start with diagnosis. Aggressive control of hyperglycemia and timely checks are mandatory to arrest hearing loss in type 2 diabetes.

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Evaluation of Hearing loss by Pure Tone Audiometry in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Nepalese Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/nmj.v3i1.28221 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 286-289

Author(s):

Gita Khakurel ◽

Nayan Bahadur Mahato

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Healthy Controls

Introduction: The association of hearing loss and diabetes has been under research for many years. The hearing loss in diabetes in our population has not been studied extensively. The objective of this study was to compare the hearing threshold between type 2 diabetic patients and age- and sexmatched controls. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was done in the Department of ENT, Kathmandu Medical College from October 2019 to February 2020. The hearing threshold, of 40 type 2 diabetics patients, and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in the age group of 35 to 55 years, were assessed by pure tone audiometry. The hearing threshold was compared between the two groups by using the student’s unpaired t-test. Results: Among 40 diabetes patients, 29 (72.5 %) had bilateral, mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The hearing threshold in diabetes patients was signifi cantly higher than the healthy controls in all the frequencies except at 250 Hz. When comparing the threshold according to the duration of diabetes, it was found to be signifi cantly higher only at higher frequencies (4000 and 8000 Hz) in diabetes with more than 5 years duration. Conclusions: The hearing loss was common in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most diabetic patients had mostly bilateral mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss affecting hearing thresholds in higher frequencies than the healthy controls as assessed by pure tone audiometry.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF A MEDICATION BOOKLET AND COUNSELING ON TREATMENT ADHERENCE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s1.24_29 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Iin Presetiawati ◽

Retnosari Andrajati ◽

Rani Sauriasari

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Adherence Scale ◽

Hba1c Levels

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of counseling and the use of a medication booklet on the level of treatment compliancethrough reduced levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) scores in patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus.Methods: This pre-experimental prospectively study was conducted at Dr. Adjidarmo General Hospital, KabupatenLebak, Banten Province, Indonesia.The study sample consisted of 30 type 2 diabetic patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and who underwent a counseling interventionsession and received a medication booklet. Compliance was measured against the MMAS-8 scores and HbA1C levels before the intervention and after10 weeks of administration of counseling and receipt of the booklet).Results: The MMAS-8 scores before and after the intervention were 2.63±1.50 and 0.7±1.18, respectively. The HbA1C levels before and after theintervention were 11.31±2.95 and 8.12±2.79, respectively. The measurement results for MMAS-8 and HbA1C were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.Conclusions: The analysis showed a significant difference (p<0.001) between the HbA1Cvalues and MMAS-8 scores before and after the intervention.Therefore, this study’s finding indicate that the provision of counseling and an informational booklet can improve type 2 diabetes mellitus patientcompliance with treatment.

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Hospital Outcomes of Adult Diabetic Patients by Glycated Hemoglobin Level in Nonsurgical Pathology in a High-Complexity Institution

Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.1177/1179551419882676 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 117955141988267

Author(s):

German Camilo Giraldo-Gonzalez ◽

Cristian Giraldo-Guzman ◽

Abelardo Montenegro-Cantillo ◽

Angie Carolina Andrade-García ◽

Duvan Snaider Duran-Ardila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Hospital Length ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Hospital Stays ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hba1c Levels

Recent evidence supports the relationship between in-hospital hyperglycemia and inpatient complications. Besides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) can predict the clinical course of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) during hospital stays. This study aimed to assess the relationship between HbA1c levels and inpatient outcomes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with age greater than 18 years, hospital length of stay greater than 24 hours, and one HbA1c report during their in-hospital management were included. All the electronic care records of patients admitted at the Clinical Versalles, a high-volume institution, in Manizales-Colombia were revised. The following variables were considered: hospital length of stay, diagnoses at the arrival, complications, capillary glucose levels, and treatment at discharge. Variables were categorized by HbA1c levels: group 1 = ⩽ 7%, group 2 = 7.01% to 8.5%, group 3 = 8.51% to ⩽10% and group 4 = >10%. There were a total of 232 patients. Average age was 69.7 years, mean HbA1c was 7.19 ± 2.03, average body mass index (BMI) was 28.8 ± 5.6. About HbA1c, 146 (62.9%) had ⩽7.5%. The most frequent admission diagnosis was by cardiovascular diseases. Average hospitalization was 7.5 ± 5.7 days. There was no relationship between the levels of HbA1c with hospital stays, inpatient complications, or readmissions. Infections and respiratory diseases were more common conditions related to higher HbA1c levels, especially when these were 8.5%. In diabetic patients with nonsurgical diseases and high HbA1c levels, there was no association with clinical complications, length of stay, readmissions, or in-hospital mortality, but changes in treatment at discharge were observed.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hearing impairment as seen in a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20211179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 585

Author(s):

Ibekwe Matilda Uju ◽

Afolabi Simeon

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Management Protocol

Background: Diabetes mellitus prevalence has been on the increase especially the type 2. This study therefore is to determine the pattern, type and severity of hearing impairment and correlating it with the duration, presence of peripheral neuropathy, glycaemic control of the type 2 diabetes mellitus seen in university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH).Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study of adult diabetic patients seen at the endocrinology clinic of University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital. Consecutive patients with confirmed diagnosis of diabetes mellitus that gave their informed consent were recruited. A semi structured questionnaire aimed at obtaining the biodata, duration of diabetes and level of control, presence of neuropathy was administered to these patients. They had otoscopy done in addition to audiometric evaluation using pure tone audiometry.Results: The study involved 108 subjects with confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Males; 42 and females; 66. Age ranged from 20 -81years. Hearing impairment was present in 68.52% of the subjects. Audiometric pattern showed 54.6% with SNHL while 31.5% had normal hearing. Majority of the subjects had mild degree hearing loss (50%). Bilateral SNHL was the commonly seen type of hearing loss in 55.93%.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The commonest type of hearing loss in these subjects was bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss. There is therefore a need to incorporate regular audiologic assessment in the management protocol of the adult diabetic patients.

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