Neuroprotective effect of  and ascorbic acid in brain against high fat diet and stress induced neurotoxicity

Chronic exposure to stress and diet rich in saturated fat is one of the major reasons for the development of dementia and neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aims to examine the neuroprotective potential of and Ascorbic acid against high fat diet and stress induced neurotoxicity in brain. Animals were randomly divided into five groups. Group I received normal diet, Group II received high fat diet along with stress, Group III were treated with 100mg/kg body weight, and Group IV were treated with Ascorbic acid 100mg/kg body weight, Group V were treated with 100mg/kg body weight and Ascorbic acid 100mg/kg body weight. After the treatment all rats were sacrificed and brains were removed. Golgi staining was done and dendritic branching points and dendritic intersections were quantified with the help of cameralucida.There was a significant increase in dendritic length and branching points was observed in brain in rats treated with and Ascorbic acid.Present study concludes that and Ascorbic acid have neuroprotective role against high fat diet and stress induced Wistar rats.

Download Full-text

Neuroprotective role of Ginkgobiloba and Rosuvastatin in CA1 region of Hippocampus against high fat diet induced neurotoxicity

Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology ◽

10.18231/j.ijcap.2021.042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 179-189

Author(s):

Anil Kumar ◽

Anand Acharya ◽

Subhadra Devi Velichety ◽

Rajesh Vaderav

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Diet Group ◽

Normal Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Ca1 Region ◽

Group I ◽

Branching Points

Diet rich in fat is one of the main risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Studies have shown that diet rich in fat disrupts memory and learning. The present study evaluates the ameliorative role of Ginkgobiloba and Rosuvastatin against high fat diet induced neurotoxicity in CA1 (Corona Ammonis) region of hippocampus. Animals were randomly divided into six groups. Group I received normal diet, Group II received high fat diet, Group III & IV were treated with Ginkgobiloba 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight, and Group V & VI were treated with Rosuvastatin 10mg/kg and 20 mg/kg body weight. All the rats were subjected to spatial learning (Morris water maze). Subsequently, rats were sacrificed and brains were removed. Golgi staining was done and CA1 neurons of hippocampus were traced using camera lucida. Dendritic branching points and dendritic intersections were quantified. Lipid profile and Super oxide (SOD) was also estimated.There was enhancement of spatial learning in treatment group rats. Furthermore, a significant increase in dendritic length and branching points was observed in CA1 region along with significant decrease in the Superoxide dismutase in rats treated with higher dose of Ginkgobiloba and Rosuvastatin. Present study concludes that Ginkgobiloba and Rosuvastatin in higher dose have protective role against high fat diet induced neurotoxicity in CA1 region.

Download Full-text

Effects of Zinc Alpha2 Glycoprotein on Lipid Metabolism of Liver in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/s-0043-118910 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (10) ◽

pp. 793-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Guoqiang Fan ◽

Yu Qiao ◽

Shixing Gao ◽

Jun Guo ◽

Ruqian Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Recombinant Plasmid ◽

Diet Group ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽

High Fat ◽

Hepatic Lipid ◽

Protein Levels

AbstractZinc alpha2 glycoprotein (ZAG) is a new type of adipokine involved in adipose tissue mobilization, however, little is known about its lipid metabolism effect in liver. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ZAG in the regulation of hepatic lipid accumulation. Mice were randomly divided into two groups; one was fed a normal diet and another was fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks to establish obesity model. After that, the normal diet group was divided into ND (injection of pcDNA3.1) and NDZ (injection of ZAG recombinant plasmid) and the high-fat diet group was divided into HF (injection of pcDNA3.1) and HFZ (injection of ZAG recombinant plasmid). The mice were weighed once per week and injected with plasmid once every three days for eight times. The results showed that body weight and hepatic TG content were decreased dramatically in HFZ group compared with HF group. The stearoyl-CoAdesaturase1 (SCD1) and Acyl-CoA Synthetase-1 (ACSS1) protein levels in HFZ group were significantly decreased. Furthermore, phosphorylated hormone sensitive lipase (P-HSL) was significantly higher in HFZ group. In HFZ group, hepatic fatty acid translocase (CD36) and fatty acids binding protein-1 (FABP1) protein levels were reduced. In addition, the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A (PPKA) in HFZ group was higher than the HF group. Meanwhile, NDZ group showed significantly decreased body weight and increased P-HSL level though the hepatic TG content showed no significantly changes compared with the ND group. Therefore, we conclude that ZAG may be beneficial for preventing high-fat-diet-induced hepatic lipid metabolic disorders.

Download Full-text

Anti-Obese Effect of Cinnamon Extracts Dietary Supplementation on Serum Lipids and Body Weight Gain in High-Fat-Diet Induced Obese Mice Model

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab055_046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1236-1236

Author(s):

Joohee Oh ◽

Hyun-Sook !Kim

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Diet Group ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Mice Model ◽

High Fat ◽

Final Body Weight

Abstract Objectives Cinnamon is one of the oldest spices widely used in traditional medicine and also currently used by people all around the world. Cinnamon has been known for modulating metabolic disorders by regulating insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obese effects of cinnamon extracts in high-fat-diet induced obese mice model. Methods After a week of adaptation period, the 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 11 for each group) of the normal diet group (ND), the high-fat-diet group (HF), the normal diet with 1% cinnamon extracts (NC), and the high-fat diet with 1% cinnamon extracts (HC). All groups were treated for 14 weeks. Results In final body weight and body weight gain, NC group was significantly lower than ND group and HC group was significantly lower than HF group (P = 0.000). In serum TG (Triglyceride) levels and TC (Total cholesterol) levels, NC group showed significantly decreased level compared to that of ND group and HC group represented significantly decreased level compared to that of HF group (P = 0.000). Conclusions The present data showed NC group and HC group showed lower final body weight and body weight gain than ND group and HF group. Also, NC group and HC group showed the decreased level of TG (Triglyceride) and TC (Total cholesterol) compared to ND group and HF group. The further indicators of insulin-related factors are in progress. Funding Sources This study received no external funding.

Download Full-text

The Water Extract of Adlay Seed (Coix lachrymajobi var. mayuen) Exhibits Anti-Obesity Effects Through Neuroendocrine Modulation

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x07004825 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (02) ◽

pp. 297-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Sung Ok Kim ◽

Su-Jin Yun ◽

Eunjoo H. Lee

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Leptin Receptor ◽

Water Extract ◽

Diet Group ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Immunohistochemical Expression ◽

High Fat ◽

The Brain

To find out whether the immunohistochemical expression of neuropeptid Y (NPY) and leptin receptor (LR) in the rat hypothalamus is influenced by adlay seed water extract (adlay), obesity in rats was induced by high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks; these rats were injected with 50 mg/100 g body weight adlay daily for 4 weeks. The results showed that the optical density of NPY immunoreactivity in paraventricular nucleus of rats increased approximately by 3.4 fold in HFD group compared to the normal diet group. Conversely, that of HFD + adlay group was about 2.6 fold lower than HFD group. The pattern of LR expression was similar to that of NPY. Both of NPY and LR mRNA levels, determined by real time PCR, in HFD + adlay group were decreased compared to those of HFD group, but there were no significant changes in the level of LR. These results suggest that adlay may regulate neuroendocrine activity in the brain. Accordingly, administration of adlay may be considered for therapies targeting obesity.

Download Full-text

Anti-Obesity Effects of Chitosan and Psyllium Husk with L-Ascorbic acid in Guinea Pigs

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000100 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Jun ◽

Y. Jung ◽

H. Hong ◽

Park ◽

H. Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Diet Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Psyllium Husk ◽

Fat Excretion

The aim of this study was to investigate whether L-Ascorbic acid would facilitate the anti-obesity effects of chitosan and psyllium husk in vivo. The study was carried out with male Hartley guinea pigs for 5 weeks. The results show that chitosan itself did not influence body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER). However, the addition of L-Ascorbic acid to chitosan decreased these parameters; the body weight gain and FER in the chitosan-2 group (high-fat diet group with 5 % chitosan containing 0.5 % L-Ascorbic acid) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in F-controls (high-fat diet group), and was similar to that in controls (normal diet group). L-Ascorbic acid enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the increases of total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion by chitosan. The addition of L-Ascorbic acid to psyllium husk did not differ from psyllium husk alone in terms of changes in weight gain, plasma lipid levels, and fat pad weight. We found that the addition of L-Ascorbic acid to chitosan influenced the reduction in body weight gain and FER, and the increase in total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet.

Download Full-text

Role of resveratrol and chrysin on inflammation and liver function in obese mice

Journal of Engineering Research ◽

10.36909/jer.asseee.16071 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pipit Pitriani ◽

◽

Wang-Lok Lee ◽

Hee-Geun Park ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Liver Function ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Diet Group ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Impaired Liver Function

The incidence of obesity has been spreading throughout the world. Many of the complications caused by obesity, such as inflammation and impaired liver function. This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementation resveratrol and chrysin on inflammation and liver function of obese mice fed a high-fat diet. 40 mice (C57BL/6) were randomly divided into four groups: 10 in the normal diet (NC), 10 control group on a high-fat diet (HC), 10 in the high-fat diet with resveratrol (HRE), and 10 in the high-fat diet group with chrysin (HCH). Resveratrol 25 mg and 50mg of chrysin supplement per kg body weight were orally given with 0.1ml solution of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) dissolved in for 15 weeks (4 times/week). The calorie intake of the group supplemented by resveratrol and chrysin significantly decreased. Group with high-fat diet, resveratrol, and chrysin increased body weight significantly compared to the normal diet group. The liver weight decreased in the resveratrol but not in the chrysin group. TNFα did not decrease in the resveratrol and chrysin group while IL1β significantly decreased. TLR 4 significantly decreased only in the chrysin group, while IL10 only increased in the resveratrol group. The collagen was decreased by resveratrol and chrysin supplementation while fibronectin was not affected by resveratrol or chrysin. The inflammatory process in the liver of obese mice fed a high-fat diet can be reduced by supplementing resveratrol and chrysin.

Download Full-text

Abstract 404: NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-containing 3 Knockout Rescues Cardiac Dysfunction Induced by High-fat Diet Feeding

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.121.suppl_1.404 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew R Peterson ◽

Samantha Haller ◽

Tracy Ta ◽

Luiza Bosch ◽

Aspen Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Normal Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Pyrin Domain

NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a pattern recognition receptor responsible for perpetuating an inflammatory response through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. It has been implicated in the sustained inflammatory response in obesity and multiple cardiovascular disease conditions. In order to investigate NLRP3 as a potential therapeutic target in metabolic syndrome, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-\-) mice were fed a normal diet (ND; 12% fat chow) or a high fat diet (HFD; 45% fat chow) for 5 months. At 5 months, echocardiography and glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) were performed. Cardiac function assessed by fractional shortening (FS) was significantly impaired by HFD feeding in the WT group (0.335 HFD vs. 0.456 ND; p<0.05) but not in the NLRP3-\- (0.449 HFD vs. 0.492 ND; p>0.05). FS was higher in NLRP3-\-HFD than in WT-HFD (p<0.05). Two-dimensional analysis shows the FS difference between NLRP3-\-HFD and WT-HFD was primarily explained by the difference in left ventricular end-systolic dimension (0.2716 cm WT vs. 0.1883 cm NLRP3-\-; p<0.05). Glucose tolerance measured by area under the curve (AUC) was significantly impaired by HFD feeding for both WT (23183 ND vs. 57298 HFD; p<0.001) and NLRP3-\- (23197 ND vs. 44626 HFD; p<0.001), but significantly better in the NLRP3-\-HFD than in WT-HFD (p<0.01). HFD feeding increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) for both WT (97.7 mg . dl -1 ND vs. 164.7 mg . dl -1 HFD; p<0.01) and NLRP3-\- (80.50 mg . dl -1 ND vs. 108.8 mg . dl -1 HFD; p<0.05), but significantly less in NLRP3-\- mice (NLRP3-\- vs. WT; p<0.05). For GTTs, body weight was significantly higher in the WT than NLRP3-\- fed HFD (47.93 g vs. 36.5 g; p<0.001). Body weight explained 92% of variation in glucose tolerance (p<0.0001) and 69% of variation in fasting blood glucose (p<0.0001). WT-HFD averaged 1.31X heavier than NLRP3-\-HFD, while the AUC for the IGTT was 1.28X larger for the WT-HFD than NLRP3-\-HFD. Body weights were not significantly different between genotypes at the time of echo. The results suggest that knockout of NLRP3 may be protective against HFD induced cardiovascular dysfunction. A protective effect on glucose tolerance is not strongly supported.

Download Full-text

PREFEEDING OF HIGH FAT DIET AND RESISTANCE OF RATS TO INTENSE COLD

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o57-004 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. LeBlanc

Keyword(s):

Rectal Temperature ◽

Heat Production ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Energy Reserves ◽

High Fat ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Three groups of 16 albino rats were fed for 45 days, group I, a normal diet of pellets containing 3.5% fat; group II, a diet containing 17% fat in the form of oil; and group III, a diet containing 17% fat in the form of lard. On exposure to cold, the drop of rectal temperature in group I was faster and more pronounced than in group II or group III. It was shown that the larger amount of fat accumulated in the animals fed a high fat diet could not explain, either as a source of energy reserves or as an insulator, the superiority of these diets in maintaining the rectal temperatures at higher levels in the cold. It is postulated that prefeeding of a high fat diet induces changes in the organism which permit higher sustained rates of heat production in the cold.

Download Full-text