Concept of Using Eye Tracking Technology to Assess and Ensure Cybersecurity, Functional Safety and Usability

Eye tracking technology is based on tracking the trajectory of human eye movement. As a rule, it is implemented in the form of an additional device attached under the monitor or in the form of glasses. On the basis of a mathematical model, the focus of a person's attention is calculated and, accordingly, the user's visual route is built. Eye tracking technology is used to solve various problems, e.g. for marketing research, assessing the quality of user interfaces, developing simulators for operators, etc. The article discusses the concept of using eye tracking technology to assess and ensure cyber security, functional safety and usability. The possibility of using eye tracking technology (ETT) to solve the problem of identifying a person's personality is considered separately. The solution is achieved by reproducing a certain trajectory by a person's vision. This technique can be used as a basic or additional technique for identifying a person's personality. It also analyzes the results of using eye tracking to study the interface of an automated information system for operator support based on algorithms for symptom-oriented emergency instructions (ASOEI), which is used at nuclear power plants (NPP).

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Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems Upgrades in Current Generation Nuclear Power Plants

18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering: Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/icone18-30358 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Steven A. Arndt

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cyber Security ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Plant Protection ◽

The United States ◽

Regulatory Compliance ◽

Digital Systems

Over the past 20 years, the nuclear power industry in the United States (U.S.) has been slowly replacing old, obsolete, and difficult-to-maintain analog technology for its nuclear power plant protection, control, and instrumentation systems with digital systems. The advantages of digital technology, including more accurate and stable measurements and the ability to improve diagnostics capability and system reliability, have led to an ever increasing move to complete these upgrades. Because of the difficulties with establishing digital systems safety based on analysis or tests, the safety demonstration for these systems relies heavily on establishing the quality of the design and development of the hardware and software. In the United States, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has established detailed guidelines for establishing and documenting an appropriate safety demonstration for digital systems in NUREG-0800, “Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants: LWR Edition,” Chapter 7, “Instrumentation and Controls,” Revision 5, issued March 2007 [1], and in a number of regulatory guides and interim staff guidance documents. However, despite the fact that the United States has a well-defined review process, a number of significant challenges associated with the design, licensing, and implementation of upgrades to digital systems for U.S. plants have emerged. Among these challenges have been problems with the quality of the systems and the supporting software verification and validation (V&V) processes, challenges with determining the optimum balance between the enhanced capabilities for the new systems and the desire to maintain system simplicity, challenges with cyber security, and challenges with developing the information needed to support the review of new systems for regulatory compliance.

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Architecting “Maintenance Program” for Piping and Pipe Support

Volume 1: Plant Operations, Maintenance, Engineering, Modifications, Life Cycle and Balance of Plant; Nuclear Fuel and Materials; Radiation Protection and Nuclear Technology Applications ◽

10.1115/icone21-16674 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Koichi Tsumori ◽

Yoshizumi Fukuhara ◽

Hiroyuki Terunuma ◽

Koji Yamamoto ◽

Satoshi Momiyama

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Industry ◽

Maintenance Management ◽

3D Cad ◽

Cad System ◽

Nuclear Disaster ◽

Safety Regulations ◽

Maintenance Program

A new inspection standard that enhanced quality of operating /maintenance management of the nuclear power plant was introduced in 2009. After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (Mar. 11th 2011), the situation surrounding the nuclear industry has dramatically changed, and the requirement for maintenance management of nuclear power plants is pushed for more stringent nuclear safety regulations. The new inspection standard requires enhancing equipment maintenance. It is necessary to enhance maintenance of not only equipment but also piping and pipe support. In this paper, we built the methodology for enhancing maintenance plan by rationalizing and visualizing of piping and pipe support based on the “Maintenance Program” in cooperating with 3D-CAD system.

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ANALYSIS OF THE RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY CONTROL LEVEL VERSUS THE EXPOSURE OF RADIATION WORKERS IN SOUTH KOREA FROM 2008–17

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncy190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 184 (1) ◽

pp. 98-108

Author(s):

Sang-Tae Kim ◽

Jaeryong Yoo

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Safety Management ◽

Control Level ◽

Radioactive Isotopes ◽

Safety Control ◽

Level Versus ◽

Radiation Workers

Abstract In this study, the radiation exposure of workers at workplaces registered and licensed between 2008 and 2017 for the production/sale/use of radioactive isotopes (RI) and radioactive generators (RG) was analysed to evaluate the quality of radiation safety management controls in use. The number of facilities using RIs increased by ~26% from 2008 to 2017 whereas the number of facilities using RGs increased by ~166% over the same period. There were 33 029 radiation workers in all fields in 2008, and the number increased by ~32% to 43 467 by 2017. However, the collective effective dose of radiation received by workers decreased in all industries except for those working in nuclear power plants. In other words, the quality of radiation safety management improved over that same time period due to the systematic, continuous introduction of safety mechanisms by the regulatory authority.

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Cyber Security for Nuclear Power Plants

Cyber Security - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-02279-6_3 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 25-35

Author(s):

Thomas Shea ◽

Sandro Gaycken ◽

Maurizio Martellini

Keyword(s):

Cyber Security ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants

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CS Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Protection: A Systematic Literature Review

Signals ◽

10.3390/signals2040046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 803-819

Author(s):

Nabin Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Cyber Security ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

New Technologies ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Security Requirements ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Defense In Depth

As digital instrumentation in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is becoming increasingly complex, both attack vectors and defensive strategies are evolving based on new technologies and vulnerabilities. Continued efforts have been made to develop a variety of measures for the cyber defense of these infrastructures, which often consist in adapting security measures previously developed for other critical infrastructure sectors according to the requirements of NPPs. That being said, due to the very recent development of these solutions, there is a lack of agreement or standardization when it comes to their adoption at an industrial level. To better understand the state of the art in NPP Cyber-Security (CS) measures, in this work, we conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify scientific papers discussing CS frameworks, standards, guidelines, best practices, and any additional CS protection measures for NPPs. From our literature analysis, it was evidenced that protecting the digital space in NPPs involves three main steps: (i) identification of critical digital assets; (ii) risk assessment and threat analysis; (iii) establishment of measures for NPP protection based on the defense-in-depth model. To ensure the CS protection of these infrastructures, a holistic defense-in-depth approach is suggested in order to avoid excessive granularity and lack of compatibility between different layers of protection. Additional research is needed to ensure that such a model is developed effectively and that it is based on the interdependencies of all security requirements of NPPs.

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Cyber Security Assessment of NPP I&C Systems

Cyber Security and Safety of Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Systems - Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-3277-5.ch009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 221-238

Author(s):

Oleksandr Klevtsov ◽

Artem Symonov ◽

Serhii Trubchaninov

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Cyber Security ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Cyber Attacks ◽

Security Assessment ◽

Nuclear Facilities ◽

Security Risks ◽

Cyber Threats ◽

And Control

The chapter is devoted to the issues of cyber security assessment of instrumentation and control systems (I&C systems) of nuclear power plants (NPP). The authors examined the main types of potential cyber threats at the stages of development and operation of NPP I&C systems. Examples of real incidents at various nuclear facilities caused by intentional cyber-attacks or unintentional computer errors during the maintenance of the software of NPP I&C systems are given. The approaches to vulnerabilities assessment of NPP I&C systems are described. The scope and content of the assessment and periodic reassessment of cyber security of NPP I&C systems are considered. An approach of assessment to cyber security risks is described.

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NPP-Smart Grid Mutual Safety and Cyber Security Assurance

10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch047 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1047-1077

Author(s):

Eugene Brezhniev ◽

Oleg Ivanchenko

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Systems ◽

Cyber Security ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Mutual Influence ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Security Assurance ◽

Telecommunication Systems ◽

Interconnected Power Systems

The smart grid (SG) is a movement to bring the electrical power grid up to date so it can meet current and future requirements to fit customer needs. Disturbances in SG operation can originate from natural disasters, failures, human factors, terrorism, and so on. Outages and faults will cause serious problems and failures in the interconnected power systems, propagating into critical infrastructures such as nuclear industries, telecommunication systems, etc. Nuclear power plants (NPP) are an intrinsic part of the future smart grid. Therefore, it is of high priority to consider SG safety, mutual influence between NPP and SG, forecast possible accidents and failures of this interaction, and consider the strategies to avoid them.

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