scholarly journals Firefly Optimization Based Noise Additive Privacy-Preserving Data Classification Technique to Predict Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-456
Author(s):  
Preet Kamal Kaur ◽  
Kanwal Preet Singh Attwal ◽  
Harmandeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Data Classification ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Firefly Optimization

With the continuous advancements in Information and Communication Technology, healthcare data is stored in the electronic forms and accessed remotely according to the requirements. However, there is a negative impact like unauthorized access, misuse, stealing of the data, which violates the privacy concern of patients. Sensitive information, if not protected, can become the basis for linkage attacks. Paper proposes an improved Privacy-Preserving Data Classification System for Chronic Kidney Disease dataset. Focus of the work is to predict the disease of patients’ while preventing the privacy breach of their sensitive information. To accomplish this goal, a metaheuristic Firefly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) is deployed for random noise generation (instead of fixed noise) and this noise is added to the least significant bits of sensitive data. Then, random forest classifier is applied on both original and perturbed dataset to predict the disease. Even after perturbation, technique preserves required significance of prediction results by maintaining the balance between utility and security of data. In order to validate the results, proposed method is compared with the existing technology on the basis of various evaluation parameters. Results show that proposed technique is suitable for healthcare applications where both privacy protection and accurate prediction are necessary conditions.

scholarly journals Sodium Bicarbonate Therapy in Patients with Metabolic Acidosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
María M. Adeva-Andany ◽  
Carlos Fernández-Fernández ◽  
David Mouriño-Bayolo ◽  
Elvira Castro-Quintela ◽  
Alberto Domínguez-Montero
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Bicarbonate Therapy ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Acute Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Renal Proximal Tubular

Metabolic acidosis occurs when a relative accumulation of plasma anions in excess of cations reduces plasma pH. Replacement of sodium bicarbonate to patients with sodium bicarbonate loss due to diarrhea or renal proximal tubular acidosis is useful, but there is no definite evidence that sodium bicarbonate administration to patients with acute metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, septic shock, intraoperative metabolic acidosis, or cardiac arrest, is beneficial regarding clinical outcomes or mortality rate. Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease usually show metabolic acidosis due to increased unmeasured anions and hyperchloremia. It has been suggested that metabolic acidosis might have a negative impact on progression of kidney dysfunction and that sodium bicarbonate administration might attenuate this effect, but further evaluation is required to validate such a renoprotective strategy. Sodium bicarbonate is the predominant buffer used in dialysis fluids and patients on maintenance dialysis are subjected to a load of sodium bicarbonate during the sessions, suffering a transient metabolic alkalosis of variable severity. Side effects associated with sodium bicarbonate therapy include hypercapnia, hypokalemia, ionized hypocalcemia, and QTc interval prolongation. The potential impact of regular sodium bicarbonate therapy on worsening vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease has been insufficiently investigated.

scholarly journals How oral infections can influence chronic kidney disease – a review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cruvinel Pontes ◽  
Usuf ME Chikte
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Source Of Infection

A healthy mouth is necessary for optimal health and quality of life. However, oral health is often compromised in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this review was to present the scientific foundations behind the connection between oral diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults, discuss common oral conditions and their systemic effects, investigate biological pathways through which oral infections affect the body and provide guidelines for physicians/nephrologists. Prevalence of oral disease is increased in CKD, including periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions, edentulousness, xerostomia, gingival overgrowth in immunosuppressed patients and potentially caries. There is moderate to strong evidence to support a negative impact of oral infections in CKD, particularly periodontal disease, with systemic inflammation, bacteraemia of oral origin, endothelial function and gut dysbiosis being potential pathways for this interaction. Poor oral health can be a hidden source of infection and has been associated with increased mortality in CKD patients. Elimination of potential foci for oral infections is crucial before renal transplantation. Frequent dental monitoring is crucial for these patients and should be part of a multidisciplinary approach to manage CKD, with special attention to end-stage kidney disease.

A Robust Privacy Preserving of Multiple and Binary Attribute by Using Super Modularity with Perturbation

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Priya Ranjan ◽  
Raj Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Data Security ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Data Mining Algorithms ◽  
Mining Algorithms

With the increase of digital data on servers different approach of data mining is applied for the retrieval of interesting information in decision making. A major social concern of data mining is the issue of privacy and data security. So privacy preserving mining come in existence, as it validates those data mining algorithms that do not disclose sensitive information. This work provides privacy for sensitive rules that discriminate data on the basis of community, gender, country, etc. Rules are obtained by aprior algorithm of association rule mining. Those rules which contain sensitive item set with minimum threshold value are considered as sensitive. Perturbation technique is used for the hiding of sensitive rules. The age of large database is now a big issue. So researchers try to develop a high performance platform to efficiently secure these kind of data before publishing. Here proposed work has resolve this issue of digital data security by finding the relation between the columns of the dataset which is based on the highly relative association patterns. Here use of super modularity is also done which balance the risk and utilization of the data. Experiment is done on large dataset which have all kind of attribute for implementing proposed work features. The experiments showed that the proposed algorithms perform well on large databases. It work better as the Maximum lost pattern percentage is zero a certain value of support.

scholarly journals Klotho, the elusive kidney-derived anti-ageing factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño ◽  
Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez ◽  
Alberto Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the fastest growing causes of death worldwide. Only early diagnosis will allow prevention of both CKD progression and the negative impact of CKD on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Klotho is a protein produced by the kidneys that has anti-ageing and phosphaturic properties, preventing excess positive phosphate balance. There is evidence that Klotho downregulation is one of the earliest consequences of kidney injury. Thus the development of reliable assays to monitor Klotho levels may allow an early diagnosis of CKD and monitoring the impact of therapies aimed at preserving Klotho expression or at preventing CKD progression. However, the performance of Klotho assays has been suboptimal so far. In this issue of Clinical Kidney Journal, Neyra et al. explore methods to improve the reliability of Klotho assays.

scholarly journals Effect of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus on Renal Outcomes and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Ke Hsu ◽  
Chew-Teng Kor ◽  
Yao-Peng Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Composite Outcome ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Background: The incidence rates of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing worldwide and their coexistence can have a large negative impact on clinical outcomes. However, it is unclear how incident DM affects CKD patients. Methods: Incident CKD patients between 2000 and 2013 were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan; they were classified as non-DM (n = 10,356), pre-existing DM (n = 6982), and incident DM (n = 1103). Non-DM cases were patients who did not develop DM before the end of the observation period. The outcomes of interest were end-stage renal disease (ESRD), mortality, and composite outcome (ESRD or death). The association between the DM groups and clinical outcomes was estimated using the inverse probability of group-weighted (IPW) multivariate-adjusted time-dependent Cox regression models. Results: During the study period of 14 years, 1735 (16.6%) patients in the non-DM group reached ESRD compared with 2168 (31.05%) in the pre-existing DM group and 111 (11.03%) in the incident DM group (p < 0.001). Moreover, 2219 (21.43%) patients in the non-DM group died compared with 1895 (27.14%) in the pre-existing DM group and 303 (27.47%) in the incident DM group (p < 0.001). Compared with the non-DM group, the pre-existing DM group was associated with a higher risk of ESRD [hazard ratio (HR) 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI 2.43–2.65), death (HR 2.23; 95% CI 2.14–2.33), and a composite outcome (HR 2.29; 95% CI 2.21–2.36). Similarly, incident DM was also associated with a higher risk of ESRD (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.06–1.19), death (HR 2.48; 95% CI 2.37–2.60), and a composite outcome (HR 1.77; 95% CI 1.70–1.84) compared with the non-DM group. Factors contributing to incident DM included old age, low monthly income, and having hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and ischemic heart disease, while pentoxifylline reduced the risk of incident DM. Conclusion: Similarly to pre-existing DM, CKD patients with incident DM carried a higher risk of ESRD, mortality, and a composite outcome compared with those with non-DM. For those at risk of incident DM, strict monitoring and intervention strategies must be adopted to help improve their clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients - A Major Concern

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 3454-3456
Author(s):  
Abinaya Ravi ◽  
Rock Britto Dharmaraj ◽  
Neethu George ◽  
Nishok Vijayakumar ◽  
Naveena Singaravel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Prevalence

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a major health concern due to its increasing incidence among adults. There are few studies that suggest the possible relation between hearing loss and chronic kidney disease. So far only a small number of large population - based studies have assessed the relation between CKD and hearing loss. The global prevalence of CKD was 9.1 % (697.5 million cases) in 2017. The age and sex wise global prevalence of CKD was higher in women (9.5 %) than in men (7.3 %). In India, prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is around 28 % to 77 % among CKD patients. Studies found that the incidence was 77 % for mild to very mild hearing loss and the incidence was 46 % for moderate to severe hearing loss. Various theories behind SNHL in CKD patients are structural similarity between ear and kidney, increased blood viscosity because of hypertension and finally electrolyte imbalance which are all thought to play a role in development of SNHL in CKD patients. Major risk factors for SNHL in CKD patients are duration of CKD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum urea and creatinine levels, electrolyte imbalance, packed cell volume (PCV), ototoxic drugs. CKD being a long-term illness and majority of cases of SNHL in CKD patients are permanent, it has a great negative impact on the patient’s quality of life adding to the disability burden.

scholarly journals Renal function decline in older men and women with advanced chronic kidney disease—results from the EQUAL study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C Chesnaye ◽  
Friedo W Dekker ◽  
Marie Evans ◽  
Fergus J Caskey ◽  
Claudia Torino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Informative Censoring ◽  
Dialysis Initiation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Renal Function Decline ◽  
Older Men And Women

Abstract Introduction Understanding the mechanisms underlying the differences in renal decline between men and women may improve sex-specific clinical monitoring and management. To this end, we aimed to compare the slope of renal function decline in older men and women in chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stages 4 and 5, taking into account informative censoring related to the sex-specific risks of mortality and dialysis initiation. Methods The European QUALity Study on treatment in advanced CKD (EQUAL) study is an observational prospective cohort study in Stages 4 and 5 CKD patients ≥65 years not on dialysis. Data on clinical and demographic patient characteristics were collected between April 2012 and December 2018. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. eGFR trajectory by sex was modelled using linear mixed models, and joint models were applied to deal with informative censoring. Results We included 7801 eGFR measurements in 1682 patients over a total of 2911 years of follow-up. Renal function declined by 14.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.9–15.1%] on average each year. Renal function declined faster in men (16.2%/year, 95% CI 15.9–17.1%) compared with women (9.6%/year, 95% CI 6.3–12.1%), which remained largely unchanged after accounting for various mediators and for informative censoring due to mortality and dialysis initiation. Diabetes was identified as an important determinant of renal decline specifically in women. Conclusion In conclusion, renal function declines faster in men compared with women, which remained similar after adjustment for mediators and despite a higher risk of informative censoring in men. We demonstrate a disproportional negative impact of diabetes specifically in women.

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