scholarly journals Guidelines for removing permanent makeup

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Bettina Rümmelein
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium Garnet ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Cosmetic Procedure ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium ◽  
Laser Treatments ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Set Up

<p>Permanent makeup (PMU) is a frequently implemented cosmetic procedure performed by beauticians. From a technical point, PMU is considered a facial tattoo. Failed procedures or a change of mind can lead to the desire for removal. The purpose of this retrospective evaluation of patients who came to the clinic with the desire to remove PMU between 2011 and 2015 was to explore the problems, side effects, and results in order to define treatment guidelines for other doctors. We evaluated 87 individual cases in total. In treatable cases, i.e. 52 out of the 87 cases, laser treatments were performed using a nanosecond Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. It takes between 1-12 treatments to remove the PMU. In three cases, the colour of the PMU could not be removed by laser and remained after the treatment. In two cases, laser treatment had to be terminated due to colour changes towards the green-blue spectrum. Before PMU removal, laser test shots are urgently recommended as unforeseeable colour changes can cause severe aesthetically unpleasant results. Covered up PMU (skin colour) is particularly susceptible to changes in colour. Heat-induced shrinking of the eye area can cause an ectropium. Surgical solutions also have to be taken into consideration. The use of proper eye protection with intraocular eye shields is mandatory. This article is an attempt to set up some guidelines for the treatment of PMU removal.</p>

scholarly journals Licorice: A Potential Herb in Overcoming SARS-CoV-2 Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2199666
Author(s):  
Swee Li Ng ◽  
Kooi-Yeong Khaw ◽  
Yong Sze Ong ◽  
Hui Poh Goh ◽  
Nurolaini Kifli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Active Immunisation ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Surprising Fact ◽  
Epidemic Diseases ◽  
Roll Out

The management of the global pandemic outbreak due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been challenging with no exact dedicated treatment nor established vaccines at the beginning of the pandemic. Nonetheless, the situation seems to be better controlled with the recent COVID-19 vaccines roll-out globally as active immunisation to prevent COVID-19. The extensive usage and trials done in recent outbreak in China has shown the effectiveness of traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) in improving the wellbeing of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment guidelines has listed a number of recommended concoctions meant for COVID-19 patients. Licorice, more commonly known as Gancao in Chinese Pinyin, is known as one of the most frequently used ingredients in TCM prescriptions for treatment of epidemic diseases. Interestingly, it is deemed as food ingredient as well, where it is normally used in Western cuisines’ desserts and sweets. The surprising fact that licorice appeared in the top 10 main ingredients used in TCM prescriptions in COVID-19 has drawn great attention from researchers in revealing its biological potential in overcoming this disease. To date, there are no comprehensive review on licorice and its benefits when used in COVID-19. Thus, in this current review, the possible benefits, mechanism of actions, safety and limitations of licorice were explored in hope to provide a quick reference guide for its preclinical and clinical experimental set-up in this very critical moment of pandemic.

scholarly journals Eye Protection in ENT Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic

OTO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2473974X2110104
Author(s):  
Jia Hui Ng ◽  
Dan Daniel ◽  
Anton Sadovoy ◽  
Constance Ee Hoon Teo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Fluorescent Microscope ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
Care Worker

Objectives There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines with regard to eye protection for aerosol-generating procedures in otolaryngology practice. In addition, some recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) is not compatible with commonly used ENT equipment. This study aims to investigate the degree of eye protection that commonly used PPE gives. Study Design Simulation model. Setting Simulation laboratory. Methods A custom-built setup was utilized to simulate the clinical scenario of a patient cough in proximity of a health care worker. A system that sprays a xanthan-fluorescein mixture was set up and calibrated to simulate a human cough. A mannequin with cellulose paper placed on its forehead, eyes, and mouth was fitted with various PPE combinations and exposed to the simulated cough. The degree of contamination on the cellulose papers was quantified with a fluorescent microscope able to detect aerosols ≥10 µm. Results When no eye protection was worn, 278 droplets/aerosols reached the eye area. The use of the surgical mask with an attached upward-facing shield alone resulted in only 2 droplets/aerosols reaching the eye area. In this experiment, safety glasses and goggles performed equally, as the addition of either brought the number of droplets/aerosols reaching the eye down to 0. Conclusion When used with an upward-facing face shield, there was no difference in the eye protection rendered by safety goggles or glasses in this study. Safety glasses may be considered a viable alternative to safety goggles in aerosol-generating procedures.

YAG : R3+ (R = Ce, Dy, Yb) nanophosphor-based luminescent fibre-optic sensors for temperature measurements in the range 20–500 °C

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
S K Evstropiev ◽  
V V Demidov ◽  
D V Bulyga ◽  
R V Sadovnichii ◽  
G A Pchelkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Quenching ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium Garnet ◽  
Optical Fibres ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Silica Capillary

Abstract We report the development of a group of luminescent fibre-optic temperature sensors that use Ce3+-, Dy3+-, and Yb3+-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) nanophosphors as thermosensitive materials. The nanophosphors have been prepared in the form of powders with a crystallite size from 19 to 27 nm by a polymer ? salt method and exhibit bright luminescence at 550 (YAG : Ce3+), 400, 480 (YAG : Dy3+), and 1030 nm (YAG : Yb3+). The sensor design includes a silica capillary, partially filled with a nanophosphor, and two large-aperture multimode optical fibres located in the capillary, which deliver excitation light and receive and transmit the photoluminescence signal. The photoluminescence signal amplitude of all the sensors decreases exponentially with increasing temperature, pointing to characteristic thermal quenching of photoluminescence and adequate operation of the devices up to 500 °C. The highest temperature sensitivity among the fibre-optic sensors is offered by the YAG : Ce3+ nanophosphor-based devices.

scholarly journals Minimally invasive (flapless) crown lengthening by erbium:YAG laser in aesthetic zone

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Saverio Capodiferro ◽  
Angela Tempesta ◽  
Luisa Limongelli ◽  
Giuseppe Barile ◽  
Daniela Di Venere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium Garnet ◽  
Anterior Maxilla ◽  
Erbium:Yag Laser ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Flap Elevation ◽  
Crown Lengthening

Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure aimed at exposure of a larger tooth surface by gingivectomy alone or with cortical bone remodelling for aesthetic purposes in the anterior zone of the maxilla or for reconstruction of teeth affected by subgingival caries. We report two cases of crown lengthening in the anterior maxilla for aesthetic purposes by gingival and bone re-contouring performed by erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (erbium:YAG) laser. As highlighted in this report, the erbium:YAG laser-assisted crown lengthening is less invasive and also leads to faster clinical outcomes in contrast to the conventional surgical technique by scalpel incision, flap elevation and osteoplastic.

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