scholarly journals ENSAIOS DE ALTERAÇÃO ACELERADA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE SEIS GRANITOS ORNAMENTAIS BRASILEIROS

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Eduardo Becerra Becerra ◽  
Antônio Gilberto Costa
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Potential Use

As rochas ornamentais experimentam processos de deterioração ocasionados pela poluição atmosférica epor sustâncias industriais usadas nos processos de instalação e manutenção, apresentando perda de brilho,alterações da cor original e redução da resistência mecânica. Os ensaios de alteração acelerada junto com osde caracterização tecnológica, realizados a partir de uma amostragem sistemática nos trabalhos de exploração permitem conhecer antecipadamente a resposta destas rochas face à ação do meio ambiente, podendo sepredizer problemas que podem afetar o uso potencial de determinada litologia como rocha ornamental esuas possibilidades de comercialização. Seis variedades de granitos brasileiros foram submetidas a ensaiosde lixiviação estática, lixiviação dinâmica, exposição a vapores de ácido sulfuroso e ensaio de cristalizaçãode sais. Todos estes ensaios simulam os principais agentes físicos e químicos que ocasionam deterioração em rochas aplicadas em revestimentos internos e externos. O grau de microfissuramento e a constituiçãomineralógica foram considerados os fatores petrográficos mais importantes na determinação da alterabilidade.Também foram observadas mudanças nos índices físicos dos granitos mais alteráveis.Palavras-chave: rochas ornamentais, alterabilidade, caracterização tecnológica. ABSTRACT: Dimension stone present deterioration caused by air pollution and some industrial substances used forapplication and maintenance causing loss of brilliance, alterations of original color and reduction of mechanicalresistance. The tests of rapid alteration and technological characterization, carried out on base of a systematicsampling during quarrying, permit to establish with anticipation the behavior of rocks against those reagentsof environmental conditions, predicting problems that may affect the potential use of determined lithologiesas dimension stones and consequently its commerce. Systematic testing of manufactured pieces will increasequality control considerably. Six types of Brazilian granites were submitted to the static lixiviation, expositionto vapors of sulphurous acid and salt crystallization, all of them accelerated alteration tests for simulation ofthe main chemical and physical agents of deterioration in rocks applied in external and internal revetment.The degree of microfracturing and the mineralogical constitution are the most important petrographic factorsof the alterability. A control of technological properties of the materials was also carried out, showing higheralterability of some types.Keywords: Dimension stones, alterability tests, technological characterization.

scholarly journals Design of an IoT based Real Time Environment Monitoring System using Legacy Sensors

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Aparajita Das ◽  
Manash Pratim Sarma ◽  
Kandarpa Kumar Sarma ◽  
Nikos Mastorakis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Graphical Information ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Sun Light

This paper describes the design of an operative prototype based on Internet of Things (IoT) concepts for real time monitoring of various environmental conditions using certain commonly available and low cost sensors. The various environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, air pollution, sun light intensity and rain are continuously monitored, processed and controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller board with the help of several sensors. Captured data are broadcasted through internet with an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The projected system delivers sensors data to an API called ThingSpeak over an HTTP protocol and allows storing of data. The proposed system works well and it shows reliability. The prototype has been used to monitor and analyse real time data using graphical information of the environment.

scholarly journals Сomputer-based calculation of atmospheric pollutant emissions by automobile transport at controlled crossings

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 02032
Author(s):  
Gennady Denisov ◽  
Vladimir Zelikov ◽  
Elena Tarasova ◽  
Vladimir Klyavin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Atmospheric Air

The paper uses pollutant emissions calculation methods in accordance with GOST (All-Union State Standard) in combination with the method of mathematical statistics, which makes it possible to determine the amount of emissions from automobile transport, which is in line at a red traffic light in the area of a controlled intersection. The methods allow calculating such environmental indicators as the mass of pollutant emissions, the concentration of pollutants and the Air Pollution Index. The authenticity of this technique is confirmed by testing the hypothesis on the Pearson Law of distribution of pollutants. Based on the combined methodology, the software has been developed with the purpose to monitor atmospheric air pollution. This approach will make it possible to qualitatively assess the level of atmospheric air pollution and take timely measures in the event of dangerous environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Potential Use of Curauá Fiber for Reinforcing Mortars

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Afonso R. G. de Azevedo ◽  
Sergey Klyuev ◽  
Markssuel T. Marvila ◽  
Nikolai Vatin ◽  
Nataliya Alfimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Reference Mixture ◽  
Curauá Fiber

Curauá is a bromeliad of Amazonian origin, present in some states in the northern region of Brazil and in other countries in South America. Its natural fibers have several technological advantages for application in composite materials. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential of using the fiber of Curauá as a reinforcement element in mortars for wall covering. Mortars were made with a 1:1:6 ratio (cement:lime:sand) in relation to their mass, evaluating the effect of adding 1%, 2% and 3% of Curauá fiber natural and fiber treated in NaOH solution in relation to the mass of cement, compared to the reference mixture (0%). Technological properties such as consistency, water retention and incorporated air content, compressive strength, water absorption and durability in wetting and drying cycles were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of the Curauá fiber causes an improvement in the mechanical properties of mortars, and at levels of addition 3% or more, it causes problems of workability and incorporation of air into the dough, thus, the fiber addition in 2% presented better results for application in coating mortars, in relation a Brazilian norm, even improving the durability of external coatings.

scholarly journals Traffic effects on leaf macro- and micro-morphological traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Allahnouri ◽  
Farhad Ghasemi Aghbash ◽  
Iman Pazhouhan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
The Road ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Research Show

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the traffic-related effects on morphological and anatomical traits of Fraxinus rotundifolia and Morus alba along the Malayer-Hamedan road. In the study area, populations of two species of F. rotundifolia (30 individual trees) and M. alba (30 individual trees) were selected for sampling. The results showed that the leaf and stomata dimensions at distances near to the roadside were significantly lower compared to longer distances from the road. For F. rotundifolia, the number of veins showed the lowest plasticity, while in case of M. alba, the stomata length (P = 0.52) and the number of veins (P = 0.54) showed the lowest plasticity related to the environmental conditions. Results of discriminant analysis for population grouping for the two species of F. rotundifolia and M. alba confirmed the accuracy of grouping 74.8% and 79.5%, respectively. In case of trees that were farther away from the road, guard and epidermal cells were located at the same level. We found that the leaf stomata in M. alba were closed more than in F. rotundifolia at the same distance. Totally, the results of this research show that the air pollution stress impacted the tree morphological traits. From the two species, F. rotundifolia was more resistant in terms of pollution stress.

scholarly journals Impact of meteorological conditions and air pollution on Covid-19 pandemic transmission in Lombardy region, Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lolli ◽  
Ying-Chieh Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiang Wang ◽  
Gemine Vivone
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Lombardy Region

Abstract Italy was the first, among all the European countries, to be strongly hit by the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). The virus, proven to be very contagious, infected more than 9 million people worldwide (in June 2020). Nevertheless, it is not clear the role of air pollution and meteorological conditions on virus transmission. In this study, we quantitatively assessed how the meteorological and air quality parameters are correlated to the Covid-19 transmission in Lombardy (Northern Italy), the region epicenter of the virus outbreak. Our main findings highlight that temperature and humidity related variables are negatively correlated to the virus transmission, whereas air pollution (PM2.5) shows a positive correlation. In other words, Covid-19 pandemic transmission prefers dry and cool environmental conditions, as well as polluted air. For these reasons, the virus might easier spread in unfiltered air-conditioned environments. Those results will be supporting decision makers to contain new possible outbreaks.

scholarly journals A city-level analysis of air pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread during the Spanish lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Briz-Redon ◽  
Carolina Belenguer-Sapina ◽  
Angel Serrano-Aroca
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The World ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Good Agreement

The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per inhabitant. In this situation, the Spanish Government declared the lockdown of the country. The variations of air pollution in terms of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in seven cities of Spain are analyzed here considering the effect of meteorology during the national lockdown. The possible associations of PM2.5 pollution and climate with COVID-19 accumulated cases were also analyzed. While the epidemic curve was flattened, the results of the analysis show that the 4-week Spanish lockdown significantly reduced the PM2.5 levels in only one of the cities despite the drastically reduced human activity in good agreement with our previous study of changes in air quality in terms of CO, SO2, PM10, O3 and NO2 levels. Furthermore, no associations between either PM2.5 exposure or environmental conditions and COVID-19 transmission were found during the early spread of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Machine learning models to predict myocardial infarctions from past climatic and environmental conditions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Marien ◽  
Mahyar Valizadeh ◽  
Wolfgang zu Castell ◽  
Christine Nam ◽  
Diana Rechid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Annual Variations

Abstract. Myocardial infarctions (MI) are a major cause of death worldwide, and temperature extremes, e.g., during heat waves and cold winters, may increase the risk of MI. The relationship between health impacts and climate is complex and is influenced by a multitude of climatic, environmental, socio-demographic, and behavioral factors. Here, we present a Machine Learning (ML) approach for predicting MI events based on multiple environmental and demographic variables. We derived data on MI events from the KORA MI registry dataset for Augsburg, Germany between 1998 and 2015. Multivariable predictors include weather and climate, air pollution (PM10, NO, NO2, SO2, and O3), surrounding vegetation, as well as demographic data. We tested the following ML regression algorithms: Decision Tree, Random Forest, Multi-layer Perceptron, Gradient Boosting and Ridge Regression. The models are able to predict the total annual number of MI reasonably well (adjusted R2 = 0.59 − 0.71). Inter-annual variations and long-term trends are captured. Across models the most important predictors are air pollution and daily temperatures. Variables not related to environmental conditions, such as demographics need to be considered as well. This ML approach provides a promising basis to model future MI under changing environmental conditions, as projected by scenarios for climate and other environmental changes.

Characterization of Serpentinites for Potential Use as Dimension Stone

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 102150
Author(s):  
S. W. Dean ◽  
I. S. Ismael ◽  
M. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Potential Use
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document