scholarly journals Сomputer-based calculation of atmospheric pollutant emissions by automobile transport at controlled crossings

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 02032
Author(s):  
Gennady Denisov ◽  
Vladimir Zelikov ◽  
Elena Tarasova ◽  
Vladimir Klyavin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Atmospheric Air

The paper uses pollutant emissions calculation methods in accordance with GOST (All-Union State Standard) in combination with the method of mathematical statistics, which makes it possible to determine the amount of emissions from automobile transport, which is in line at a red traffic light in the area of a controlled intersection. The methods allow calculating such environmental indicators as the mass of pollutant emissions, the concentration of pollutants and the Air Pollution Index. The authenticity of this technique is confirmed by testing the hypothesis on the Pearson Law of distribution of pollutants. Based on the combined methodology, the software has been developed with the purpose to monitor atmospheric air pollution. This approach will make it possible to qualitatively assess the level of atmospheric air pollution and take timely measures in the event of dangerous environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The synoptic conditions of air pollution in Temirtau

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Azhar Bauyrzhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Transboundary Transport ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The City

The article examines the state of air pollution in Temirtau, Karaganda region, and the dynamics of the air pollution index (API). The API is calculated based on the 5 main pollutants in the city, namely suspended particles, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, phenol and ammonia. The article describes the synoptic conditions of atmospheric air pollution in Temirtau, that is, the influence of baric structures, such as cyclones and anticyclones, troughs and ridges, on the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances and their time in the city air. The meteorological quantity such as the wind contributing to the transport of pollutants is also considered, and a frequency diagram of the wind direction is presented in order to consider the transboundary transport of harmful substances from other regions. The materials of the article used maps of a certain period of time, such as baric topographic maps and terrestrial synoptic maps, and their analysis was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis of maps of a certain period, the article describes the conditions for the occurrence of synoptic processes favorable for the accumulation of large concentrations of harmful substances in the city. The topic under consideration will be interesting to specialists in the field of natural science, politicians and public figures who pay attention to the ecology of our country, in particular to the ecological system of cities with a large industrial complex, such as Temirtau, and to urgent global environmental problems affecting to the state of atmospheric air quality.

scholarly journals Pollutant emission in the air of Mogilev region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stationary Sources ◽  
Emission Density

The purpose of this article is to highlight and analysis of trends in total emissions of polluting substances in atmospheric air of Mogilev region. The main material. A brief overview of Belarusian scientistsʹ research in the fi eld of geoecological conditions of atmospheric air is given in the article. The article deals with pollutants accumulation in the air of Mogilev region from various sources. Mobile sources (64.1% in 2015) are mainly responsible for air pollution in the region. In 2015 in comparison with 2010 there was a decrease in pollutant emissions as a result of transport functioning. Sources of pollutants accumulating in the air are exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, crankcase gases and fuel evaporation from fuel systems. Automobiles dominate in the structure of vehicles (85.3% in 2015). The article considers dynamics of pollutant emissions from stationary sources. The majority of pollutants are found in the air because of technological processes. Hydrocarbons and sulfur dioxide prevail in the structure of emissions of these sources. Chemical industry enterprises (Mogilev chemical fiber, Mogilev artificial fiber plant, etc.) are the sources of air pollution. Substances of the 4th and 3d danger classes predominate in the structure of pollutants in Mogilev region. Substances of the 1st and 2nd danger classes are insignificant. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research uneven territorial distribution of emission density of the main pollutants in the air of Mogilev region has been established. Kostiukovich and Krichevsk districts are characterized by high level of emission density of suspended substances, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide in the air from stationary sources. Cherikov district is characterized by a low level of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide emissions per unit area. 71.4% of the administrative districts of Mogilev region are characterized by an average density level of carbon monoxide emissions from stationary sources in relation to the average regional level, 14.3% of districts by lower level, 4.8% by low level and 9.5% by high level. It is advisable to improve the production technology, to equip enterprises with new gas cleaning facilities in order to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment.

scholarly journals The contribution of emissions from industrial zones of Izhevsk to the formation of the medical and ecological situation

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Gagarin ◽  
Irina L. Malkova ◽  
Alsu V. Semakina
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Industrial Zones

The article presents abrief description of the main industrial zones of Izhevsk as sources of air pollution. The potential aerotechnogenic hazard of industrial sites, their contribution to the formation and spatial differentiation of the complex atmospheric air pollution index, based on the volume and structure of pollutant emissions, are estimated. Air sampling at flare observation posts allowedto conclude that the maximum concentrations of pollutants are observed at adistance of 23km from the borders of industrial zones in the direction of the prevailing south and south-west winds. Aterritorial analysis of the general incidence rate of the child population in the service territories of 12childrenʼs city clinics and 170pediatric sites confirms these findings. The most disadvantaged situation is typical for microdistricts located in the north and northeast relative to the Central industrial zone. Despite asignificant reduction in emissions by enterprises of this industrial site, it should be noted its significant contribution to the formation of atense medical and environmental situation in most residential areas of the city. The increase of emissions in recent years, the largest northeastern industrial zone in Izhevsk, even taking into account its most favorable ecological and geographical position, has led to asignificant increase in the general incidence and prevalence of respiratory diseases of the children in the adjacent territory. In the formation of inhaled non-carcinogenic risk to public health, the contribution of formaldehyde is more than 90%.

scholarly journals ATMOSPHERIC AIR CONDITION IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-284
Author(s):  
A.V. Semakina ◽  
G.R. Platunova ◽  
A.R. Mansurov
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Air Pollution Index ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Concentrations

In this work, the maps of the atmospheric air condition in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan were built taking into account the influence of the relief on the dispersion of pollutants. As a calculation model, a modified technique of V.A. Petrukhin and V.A. Vishensky was used. To increase the accuracy of the results, a correction factor for the influence of the relief on the process of dispersion of pollutants was calculated. According to the maps obtained, high concentrations of pollutants and high values of the integrated air pollution index are observed near two industrial centers: Ufa-Blagoveshchensk and Salavat-Sterlitamak.

scholarly journals Current state of air pollution of Lutsk town

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Town

Introduction. Air pollution is an important factor influencing the quality of life and health of peoples. It is increasing due to urbanization, development of industrial and transport complexes of cities. The same tendencies are characteristic for the state of air pollution in Lutsk. In recent years, the level of its pollution is estimated as high. And in the first half of 2018, Lutsk was among the top three cities with the highest level of air pollution in Ukraine. Although the town is not a major industrial center. The purpose of article. The purpose of the study is assessment and analyze the current level of air pollution in Lutsk for many years (2011-2019). Methods. Research methods – expeditionary (for research the ecological condition of the urban area), methods of mathematical statistics (for statistical processing of monitoring results), expert assessment (to establish the causes of pollution and environmental risks). The materials of own researches of an ecological condition of the Lutsk territory, and also results of laboratory researches of atmospheric air pollution on stationary posts in the town are used. They were conducted by the Integrated Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Observations of the Volyn Regional Center for Hydrometeorology. Results. The structure of pollutant emissions in the town is analyzed. It is established that the share of emissions from mobile sources (vehicles) increased from 61.4% in 1990 to 92.2% in 2015 and 94.6% in 2020. For the period from 2009 to the present the air pollution index (API) for the Lutsk town varies between 7.7 and 10.49 (high level of pollution). The size of the API slightly decreased until 2015, and then increased until 2018. The place of Lutsk in the ranking of the most polluted cities in Ukraine correlates with the value of the API. In 2013-14 API was relatively low – 7.99-8.55. Lutsk occupied 22 steps. Since 2016, API for the Lutsk has started to increase. The city rating rose from 9 to 7 steps. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, phenol and formaldehyde in the air of the town constantly exceed the maximum concentration limits. The scientific novelty is to analyze the dynamics of the content in the town air of substances whose concentrations exceed the maximum allowable, to study the causes of pollution, to develop a set of measures to reduce air pollution in Lutsk. Practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the obtained results to develop a set of measures to reduce air pollution in Lutsk.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION IN ZAPORIZHZHYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
K. Belokon ◽  
I. Pirogova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
General Level ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Air Pollution Index ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

One of the regions of Ukraine, which is subject to significant man-made impacts on the atmospheric air, is the city of Zaporizhzhya. The paper presents the results of assessing the quality of atmospheric air based on the calculation of the air pollution index and the integrated air pollution index of the city of Zaporizhzhya. For the assessment, the data of long-term observations at the stationary posts of the city for 2016—2020 were used for the main pollutants. A list of the main pollutants (formaldehyde, dust, carbon monoxide, phenol, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide) and the contribution of each of them to the general level of atmospheric pollution has been determined. The calculations of air pollution indices were carried out for the average daily concentrations of substances for each observation post in Zaporizhzhya for the study period 2016—2020. The calculation of the air pollution indices for the posts was carried out for all concentrations of the investigated substances, except for hydrogen sulfide due to the lack of data for it. The highest values of the indices are observed in 2017 and 2019, the lowest — in 2020. Over the past year, there has been a tendency towards a slight decrease in the level of air pollution by pollutants. The highest values of indices exceeding 1 are noted for substances such as dust, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, phenol and formaldehyde. Calculations of the integrated index of atmospheric pollution at posts showed their heterogeneity, the list of measured substances is not unified for all posts. Formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides, phenol and dust make the largest contribution to the formation of the integrated air pollution index. Environmental monitoring in the city of Zaporizhzhya does not include measurements of hazardous toxicants, the presence of which is typical for large cities. The highest level of the integrated air pollution index is observed at the posts located in the zone of influence of the main industrial site, and reaches values of 5,4—9,8, which corresponds to a high level. In other areas of the city, where there is industrial potential, observations are not carried out; it is impossible to assess the level of air quality according to the data of the hydrometeorological service.

scholarly journals Influence of ferrous metallurgy enterprises on atmospheric air quality as an ecological component of territories sustainable development. Report 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-571
Author(s):  
O. V. Glushakova ◽  
O. P. Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Metallurgical Plant ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Russian Federation

The adoption of the UN Sustainable Development Goals until 2030 served as an impulse for development and implementation of regulatory legal acts aimed at environmental protection in the Russian Federation, including appropriate fnancial mechanisms. The task of reducing level of air pollution is highlighted in the UN program documents as one of the priorities. The most problematic in terms of air pollution in Russia are 12 cities, seven of which have ferrous metallurgy enterprises. The problems of ecological development of large industrial centers remain (despite the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation “Environmental Protection” since 2012, and the national project “Ecology” since 2019) introduction of a quota system for pollutant emissions substances, determination of the list of compensatory measures and creation of the federal information system for atmospheric air quality monitoring. In cities such as Krasnoyarsk and Novokuznetsk, the average actual annual concentration of some pollutants, which are highly toxic and carcinogenic substances of I and II hazard classes, exceeds the permissible maximum by 5 – 6 times. We have analyzed content of the reports of the specialized state authorities at the regional level on state and protection of environment. It is concluded that there is no unity of methodological approaches to presentation of analytical information on state and quality of atmospheric air in reports, as well as untimely publication of the reports themselves. The fact of inertia of the institutional environment was revealed in terms of including irrelevant norms in the adopted legal acts, and as a consequence – emergence of expenditure obligations of budgets, without real need for them. It was established that large enterprises of ferrous metallurgy (Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant PJSC (Mechel) and Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant LLC), operating in cities with very high levels of air pollution, did not draw up corporate non­fnancial reporting in the GRI format.

scholarly journals Features of air pollution the cities of the North-Western Black Sea region

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The North ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

Introduction. According to official statistics, regions of Ukraine are characterized by a significant amount of pollutant emissions from stationary sources. But in many areas the dominant contribution to the formation of general levels of air pollution is made by mobile sources. Such regions include the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions of the North-Western Black Sea. Regions of the North-Western Black Sea are characterized by a sufficiently high level of technogenic load and have a high recreational potential. This territory is characterized by unique natural resource potential. However, due to the development of urbanization processes, the impact of industrial, transport and agrarian sectors is worsening the overall environmental situation, including the state of the atmospheric air. Review of previous publications. The work of many authors is devoted to the question of the level of air pollution in the cities of the North-Western Black Sea. Most of the works are complex studies of the level of pollution of the regions of Ukraine as a whole. Some works are devoted to the assessment of the technogenic load on the environment of the regions of Ukraine. An analysis of recent research has shown that the vast majority of work is devoted to the regions of Ukraine as a whole. Also, the list of pollutants and the study period are quite limited. Usually, the content of the main pollutants is analyzed. At the same time, the content of specific pollutants is very important in the regions of the North-Western Black Sea in the formation of high levels of atmospheric pollution. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to evaluate and analyze the level of air pollution of individual cities of the North-Western Black Sea over a multi-year period. The complex atmospheric pollution index, which are currently one of the main indicators of atmospheric air quality, were used for the assessment. Results. The level of air pollution in Odessa is in most cases classified as "heavily polluted", Izmail – the only category "slightly polluted" (maximum concentrations in the air pool are marked by the content of formaldehyde). In Mykolayiv maximum concentrations with significant exceedances of the maximum permissible concentration are also noted for formaldehyde content, and the level of atmospheric air pollution was classified as "poorly polluted" – "contaminated". In Kherson, the highest content was observed for substances such as formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide. The level of pollution, as in the city of Mykolaiv, was classified as "poorly contaminated" – "contaminated". Conclusions. Odessa, by the content of the vast majority of the pollutants, is in the category of cities with high levels of atmospheric pollution, Mykolaiv, Kherson and Izmail – in the category with the permissible level. The results of the study are the basis for the development of environmental recommendations for reducing the emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air of the region, primarily from mobile sources.

scholarly journals Analysis of Technogenic Loading on the Air Basins of Individual Industrial and Municipal Aglomerations of Eastern Ukraine (Using Dnipro City as an Example)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Stationary Sources ◽  
Statistical Results

Purpose. Estimation of atmospheric air pollution level in the Dnipro city in modern conditions and technogenic loading on the air basin of the Dnipropetrovsk region. Methods. Statistical. Results. Volumes of pollutant emissions from stationary sources are 4 times more than emissions from mobile sources. The maximum values of emissions of pollutants are noted for the enterprises of the processing and extractive industry. The estimation of the level of air pollution in Dnipro city was carried out. An increase in the level of contamination in Dnipro city was indicated during the study period. Substances for which the quality of atmospheric air constantly does not meet the standards include dust, nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde. The level of atmospheric air pollution can be classified as «polluted» and «highly polluted». The module of technogenic loading on the air basin of the Dnipropetrovsk region and Dnipro city was calculated. The rate of the technogenic loading in Dnipropetrovsk region from stationary sources considerably exceeds the mobile ones. In Dnipro city, the level of technogenic loading from stationary sources is an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding in the region. This indicates a significant level of technogenic loading on the Dnipro city air basin exactly from stationary sources. The volume of pollutant emissions from stationary sources in the region is an order of magnitude higher compared to the same in Dnipro city and the area of the region is two orders of magnitude larger. The reduction of the level of technogenic loading on the air basin of Dnipropetrovsk region as a whole was noted. Conclusion. Dnipropetrovsk region belongs to regions with significant industrial potential. The primary tasks for the improvement of the air basin are the development of measures to reduce emissions from stationary sources, as well as optimization of the monitoring system in order to determine the list of priority pollutants.

Challenges of the Crisis: How to Measure Sustainable Development?

2015 ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bobylev ◽  
N. Zubarevich ◽  
S. Solovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Indicators ◽  
Adjusted Net Savings

The article emphasizes the fact that traditional socio-economic indicators do not reflect the challenges of sustainable development adequately, and this is particularly true for the widely-used GDP indicator. In this connection the elaboration of sustainable development indicators is needed, taking into account economic, social and environmental factors. For Russia, adaptation and use of concepts and basic principles of calculation methods for adjusted net savings index (World Bank) and human development index (UNDP) as integral indicators can be promising. The authors have developed the sustainable development index for Russia, which aggregates and allows taking into account balanced economic, social and environmental indicators.

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