scholarly journals Harvest formation and spring soft wheat grain quality in biologization of crop rotations of the forest-steppe of the Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
A.L. Toygildin ◽  
◽  
M.I. Podsevalov ◽  
D.E. Ayupov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

scholarly journals SOURCES OF VALUABLE TRAITS FOR BREEDING SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena Demina ◽  
Aleksandr Kincharov ◽  
Tat'yana Taranova ◽  
Ol'ga Mullayanova ◽  
Kristina Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Traits For Breeding

The work was carried out in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Samara region. The purpose of the research is to conduct study samples of collection nursery of various ecological and geographical origins and identify new sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the forest – steppe of the Middle Volga region. The material for research was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat, including 108 foreign varieties and hybrids and 244 domestic samples of breeding institutions of the Russian Federation. Meteorological conditions during the research years were quite severe, and vegetation took place in arid and acutely arid conditions (hydrothermal coefficient in 2018 – 0.51, in 2019 – 0.48, with a long-term value in the region of 0.73). The greatest variability over the years of research was observed in the indicators of grain yield of samples (Сv=23.9...27.5 %) and plants height (Сv=10.8...12.9 %). According to the research results, 30 new genetic sources of economically valuable traits of spring soft wheat were identified. Sources of precocity (period of shoots-earing 35...37 days): Uralskaya kukushka, Chelyaba rannyaya, Tyumenskaya 25, Lutescens 70, Odeta, Libertina, Chi Mai, Long Fu 7, M83-1551. Sources of short stems (plants height 40...45 cm): KWS Torridon, KWS Jetstream, Florens, Eleganza, Long Fu 13. Sources of consistently high productivity (grain yield 415...554 g/m2, and the yield increase over the standard 71...210 g/m2): Erythrospermum 4089, Grekum 5523, Lutescens 6029, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Lutescens 6102/1-32, Lutescens 6102/1-34 Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, Ekada 214, Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 105, Lebedushka, Saratovskaya 73. Sources of high protein content (15.4...16.7 %) and gluten (36.0...42.0 %) in grain: Erythrospermum 3898, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Erythrospermum 5289

EFFECT OF THE USE OF STROBILURINE-BASED FUNGICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GRAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
D.F. Askhadullin ◽  
◽  
D.F. Askhadullin ◽  
N.Z. Vasilova ◽  
E.Z. Bagavieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Flour Quality ◽  
Strong Change ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Resistant Varieties

The effect of fungicide class strobilurine on "effect gardening" plants is undeniable. Most research on this class of drugs focuses on their effects on plant growth and physiology. There is little information about the effect of strobilurine on the rheological properties of the dough when applied to wheat. In our work, we tried to identify their role. The objects of the study were 5 varieties of spring soft wheat, with different grain and flour quality. To study the effect strobilurins was selected fungicide containing pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole. The use of a preparation based on pyraclostrobin does not lead to a strong change in the grain quality and rheological properties of the dough in rust-resistant varieties, this indicates that strobilurins almost do not affect the grain quality. In varieties that are highly and medium susceptible to leaf-stem diseases, not only the yield increases significantly, but also the grain quality and rheological properties of the test improve when using a fungicide based on pyraclostrobin 62.5 g/l + epoxiconazole 62.5 g/l at a dose of 1.5 l/ha.

scholarly journals The yield and baking quality of Siberia-bred spring soft wheat varieties in the north forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (29) ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Anastasia Afonasyevna Kazak ◽  
Yury Pavlovich Loginov
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Early Ripening

Over the past century and at the beginning of the current one, Siberian breeders have been intensively breeding spring soft wheat for improving the yield and grain quality. The ecologically and geographically diverse source material has been used at the breeding and educational institutions of the region. Thus, in the severe Siberian conditions, the wheat gene pool has been painstakingly created. It has been very difficult here to solve the problem of improving the grain quality, but, given the determination and the talent of many breeders and geneticists, the gene pool of valuable and strong wheat varieties has been created. As a result, being formerly a consumer of food wheat, Siberia has now become a region producing high-quality grain for domestic use and sale in the foreign market. The gene pool of spring soft wheat, which is so rich in the volume and quality, has not been studied in full, and not used throughout Siberia. In 2013 – 2015, sixteen valuable and strong varieties of Siberia-bred wheat had been studied in the northern zone of the Tyumen region on the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University. It has been found that the average productivity of the early-ripening Novosibirskaya 16, Tulun 15, and Polyushko varieties over the three years amounted to 2.52 – 2.89 t/ha, and was close to the yield (2.35 – 3.10 t/ha) of the middle-early ripening varieties. In the midseason-ripening group, the Alyoshina and Altayskaya 110 and 325 varieties exceeded the Tyumen-bred standard Lutescens 70 by 0.23 – 0.69 t/ha with the yield of the latter being 2.54 t/ha. In terms of the content and quality of gluten, the following varieties stood out: Iren, Novosibirskaya 15, Tulun 15, Polyushko, Omskaya 36, Skala, Boyevchanka, Pamyati Vavenkova, Tyumenskaya 80, Alyoshina, and Altayskaya 325. In terms of baking properties (3.7 – 4.2 points), the following varieties stood out: Iren, Novosibirskaya 15, 29, 31, Polyushko, Skala, Boyevchanka, Pamyati Vavenkova, Tyumenskaya 80, Tulunskaya 12, and Altayskaya 325, which can be used as the source material for further wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Formation of grain quality of new varieties of spring soft wheat in the middle volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Kincharov ◽  
Olga S. Mullayanova ◽  
Elena A. Demina ◽  
Tatyana Yu. Taranova ◽  
Kristina Yu. Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
State Testing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga

Relevance. The article presents the results of studying the formation of grain quality indicators in varieties of competitive testing of spring soft wheat. The purpose of the research is to study local new varieties of spring soft wheat according to the most important quality indicators for the middle Volga region and to identify varieties that consistently form high grain quality for further breeding and seed production.Materials and methods of researches. The object of research was 36 varieties of spring soft wheat of competitive testing, created in the Volga Scientific Research Institute of Selection and Seed-Growing named after P.N. Konstantinov. The study of varieties was carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops (1985). Grain quality indicators were determined according to current standards.Results. The greatest variability over the years was observed in the indicators of grain vitreous (CV = 5.40–10.0%), protein content (CV = 3.75–10.48%) and gluten content (CV = 7.62–10.20%), that is, in indicators that depend on growing conditions. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of varieties, valuable sources are identified that annually form high-quality grain. These are the Kinelskaya 59, Kinelskaya niva, Kinelskaya 2010, Kinelskaya yubileynaya varieties included in the register, the Kinelskaya Zarya variety undergoing State testing, and the new promising lines Erythrospermum 3898, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Erythrospermum 5289, Lutescens 6029. The varieties that were selected during the study are recommended for use in breeding programs for creating high — quality forms for contrasting weather conditions, zoned varieties — for wide use in commodity production, new lines-for preparation and transfer to State testing

scholarly journals Assessment of adaptability of spring soft wheat varieties in forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 (11) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Elena Demina ◽  
Aleksandr Kincharov ◽  
Tat'yana Taranova ◽  
Kristina Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the adaptability parameters of zoned and promising varieties of spring soft wheat and to identify samples that combine high grain yield and adaptive properties for forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in the central zone of the Samara region. Methods. The object of research was 12 varieties of competitive testing related to different stages of breeding. Observations and records were carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops, assessment of the adaptability of varieties according to the methods of A. A. Goncharenko and L. A. Zhivotkov. Weather conditions in 2017–2020 were diverse and varied from the average annual values. Results. The average crop yield varied from 2.10 t/ha (2019) to 3.72 t/ha (2017), the coefficient of variation Cv = 23.8 %. Varieties with a high average grain yield (3.15–3.26 t/ha) and a smaller variation (19.9–22.5 %) were identified – Eritrospermum 6310/10-63, Lutestsens 6102/1-32, Eritrospermum 6517/24-1. The varieties Eritrospermum 6310/10-63 (–1.39), Eritrospermum 6381 (–1.50), and Kinel’skaya 59 (–1.50) had the greatest resistance to stress. Varieties Lutestsens 6045, Kinel’skaya yubileynaya, Lutestsens 6102/1-32 – differed in specific adaptation and formed the highest average grain yield (3.16–3.20 t/ha) under contrasting conditions. The average coefficient of adaptability of varieties ranged from 0.85 to 1.08. The majority of varieties (58.3 %) had a high coefficient of adaptability (greater than 1), the highest values (1.08) were the promising varieties Lutescens 6102/1-32 and Erythrospermum 6310/10-63. Scientific novelty. A new adaptive material of spring soft wheat has been isolated for use in breeding programs of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region.

scholarly journals Quality of winter wheat grain with different systems of main tillage in crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Orekhivskyi ◽  
◽  
A. I. Kryvenko ◽  
S. V. Pochkolina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Quality Class ◽  
Gluten Content

The article investigates the influence of the application of different systems of basic tillage on the quality of winter wheat grain in short crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. It is established that the grain quality of winter wheat in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is mainly determined by the genetic characteristics of the variety, but also largely depends on the conditions and technologies of cultivation. In winter wheat grain, which is used for food purposes, reserve proteins are important, which in winter wheat determine the baking properties of flour. In drought conditions, when the yield of winter wheat decreases, the protein content in its grain tends to increase. In wet years, on the contrary, there is a reverse pattern. According to experimental studies, wheat varieties have a negative correlation between grain protein content and yield. It is established that during 2016–2020 research shows almost the same pattern of action of different predecessors and systems of basic tillage on the formation of grain quality of winter wheat in arid conditions. It was found that, on average, according to all variants of research, only with the use of the system of tillage-free tillage received grain of winter wheat with a protein content of 12,5%, which met the requirements of the 2nd class. It is recorded that on average over five years of research on all tillage systems, grain of winter wheat with gluten content was obtained, the quality of which corresponded to the 3rd class. Different tillage systems caused a slight impact on the gluten content, which ranged from 20,6% to 21,1%. It is determined that the precursors have a certain effect on the protein content in the grain of winter wheat. The analysis of qualitative indicators showed that on average in five years of research, when growing winter wheat after a pair of black and a pair of green wheat with winter vetch, grain was formed, which in terms of protein content corresponded to the 2nd quality class. More protein was accumulated in winter wheat grain after a pair of black, which was 12,9%. After peas for grain, as well as a pair of green with a mixture of white mustard and peas, received a grain of winter wheat, which was the 3rd quality class. It was found that on average in five years of research, all variants of winter wheat were grown with gluten content, which met the requirements of the 3rd class. Black vapor and green vapor with winter veneer caused the accumulation of gluten at almost the same level with a small increase in the version with winter vetch up to 21,8%. The lowest level of gluten was obtained in the grain of winter wheat after peas per grain, which was 19,7%. In all variants of the experiment, sidereal steam with winter tillage and the use of tillage-free tillage had the best effect on the growth of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The grain of winter wheat was mainly formed in terms of quality, which allows it to be used for food purposes – mainly in the flour-milling and baking industries, as well as for export. It is established that it is important to further study the quality of winter wheat grain and other cereals in short crop rotations of the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine, especially in climate change.

scholarly journals Reaction of spring soft wheat to drought in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Lidiya Mal'ceva ◽  
Natal'ya Bannikova ◽  
Elena Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Bread Volume ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The purpose of the research is the reaction of spring soft wheat varieties to dry phenomena during the growing season in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. Methods. The material was 24 varieties of various biotypes for maturation from the nursery of the competitive variety testing of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Results. The negative effect of the drought reduced the yield in the experiments by 11.9 c/ha, the weight of 1000 grains by 5.7 g, and the nature by 19.7 g/l. The influence of grain size on the yield both in favorable years and in years of drought was noted (r = 0.63…0.98). In arid conditions, vitreous is correlated with yield, 1000 grain weight, in kind, to a lesser extent with gluten content, bread volume, and “flour strength”. The lack of moisture during the grain filling period increased the gluten content by 3.4 %, the quality by 15.1 e. p. IDC, the flour strength by 102.7 e. a., the volume of bread by 106 g/l. In favorable years, the weight of 1000 grains and the vitreous content of the grain correlate with gluten (r = 0.44; r = 0.24–0.84). Indicators of productivity and physical properties of grain increase when sowing at the optimal time, with a certain decrease in the gluten content (by 1.2 %), flour strength (by 5.3 e. a.), bread volume (by 73.2 e. p.). In the early sowing period, moisture deficiency reduces the indicators for all varieties Under these conditions, early-maturing varieties form a larger grain both when sowing at an early time (29.0 g) and when sowing at the optimal (31.3 g). In a drought, the role of the variety is especially high. High drought resistance was shown by the Zauralochka variety of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, which successfully passed the test in the dry years (2012, 2020) in the GSI system and in the environmental test (KASIB). The yield of the drought-resistant variety Zauralochka on average for the HSU was 20.2 c/ha, exceeding the standard Hercules by 2.2 c/ha. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of dry phenomena on the yield and the main indicators of the quality of varieties are revealed, the correlation between them is determined. According to drought resistance, a variety of spring soft wheat Zauralochka was selected.

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