scholarly journals Existential Driving Forces to Work after Retirement: The Example of Physicians’ Mentoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Bengtsson ◽  
Marita Flisbäck
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Existential Meaning

The article addresses physicians who work as group supervisors or mentors in a training program after having formally retired. The driving forces to continue to work are analyzed in terms of the development of existential meaning of work at a particular stage of the life cycle. We argue that a deeper understanding of the existential driving forces, that both cause physicians to accept post-retirement mentoring tasks and that is awakened and developed in this specific work, would contribute to a deeper understanding of why individuals continue working into old age. However, in political discussions of an extended working life, similar aspects tend to be disregarded. Understanding the existential driving forces that cause an individual to continue working after retirement may be crucial to comprehending how we can take advantage of the resources of the older workforce and, thus, realize human potential at a later stage of the life cycle.

Rites of Passage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Transformational Process ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Vulnerable Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This chapter examines the classical Hindu life-cycle rites, the term saṃskāra and its history, and the main sources (Gṛhyasūtras and Dharma texts). It presents a history of the traditional saṃskāras and variants in local contexts, especially in Nepal. It describes prenatal, birth and childhood, initiation, marriage, old-age, death, and ancestor rituals. Finally, it analyzes the transformational process of these life-cycle rituals in the light of general theories on rites of passage. It proposes, in saṃskāras, man equates himself with the unchangeable and thus seems to counteract the uncertainty of the future, of life and death, since persons are confronted with their finite existence. For evidently every change, whether social or biological, represents a danger for the cohesion of the vulnerable community of the individual and society. These rituals then become an attempt of relegating the effects of nature or of mortality: birth, teething, sexual maturity, reproduction, and dying.

Family, Community and Long-Term Socioeconomic Inequality: Evidence from Siblings and Youth Peers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bingley ◽  
Lorenzo Cappellari ◽  
Konstantinos Tatsiramos
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Community Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sibling Correlation ◽  
Earnings Dynamics ◽  
Sibling Correlations ◽  
Youth Community

Abstract Using administrative data for the population of Danish men and women, we develop an empirical model which accounts for the joint earnings dynamics of siblings and youth community peers. We provide the first decomposition of the sibling correlation of permanent earnings into family and community effects allowing for life cycle dynamics and extending the analysis to consider other outcomes. We find that family is the most important factor influencing sibling correlations of earnings, education and unemployment. Community background matters for shaping the sibling correlation of earnings and unemployment early in the working life, but its importance quickly diminishes.

scholarly journals The Open Innovation Model of Coaching Interaction in Organisations for Sustainable Performance within the Life Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Roša (Rosha) ◽  
Natalja Lace
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Business World ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Innovation Model

Organizations need innovation to be competitive and sustainable on their marketplace. Sustainable performance is an important precondition for growth and development. In spite of a body of literature, non-financial factors of sustainable performance remain an open issue. Coaching has gained considerable attention in the business world for its impact on sustainable performance. The current research investigates the use of coaching interaction to facilitate organizational sustainable growth and development in the context of Miller and Friesen’s five stage life-cycle model. The expert opinion survey is chosen as a central method of research. The questionnaire is developed on the literature review that is focused on the drivers for sustainable development throughout the life cycle, and the features of coaching that accelerate these driving forces. Fifteen experts took part in the survey conducted from November 2017 to January 2018. The results are estimated by considering the competence coefficient for each expert. The findings led to creation of an open innovation model, which displays relationships between the appropriate coaching forms and types and the organizational life cycle stages. The developed model enables choosing the optimal way of coaching delivery at any life cycle stage. This model is particularly valuable for the coaching support programs.

scholarly journals Introduction: Framing Economic Exclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Jim Ogg ◽  
Michal Myck
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Exclusion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Older Citizens ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

AbstractEconomic exclusion is a multidimensional concept that has particular relevance in the context of ageing populations and globalised economies. Sustaining adequate incomes in old age and protecting older citizens from poverty are major challenges for governments and policy makers and they have been amplified in the face of the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the past few decades most countries have made adjustments to their pension systems and other welfare related policies that concern older citizens, and these reforms have already had and will continue to have a differential impact on economic exclusion. For some, extending the working life and pushing back the legal age of retirement can be a safeguard against inadequate incomes in old age, while for others who are excluded from the labour market, or who are working in low paid jobs, economic exclusion remains a reality. The labour market implications of the pandemic are likely to exacerbate this risk for those whose situation was already fragile before the crisis.

scholarly journals Metaphors of Life in German Idioms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsisana Modebadze
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Sun ◽  
German Word ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Negative Moments

The aim of the study is to define the metaphoric meaning of the concept ‘life’ in the German idioms. The German word das Leben means both to live and life in Georgian. It means German does not differentiate them. Our task is to define the positive and the negative connotations of idioms containing the concept of life/ live. To solve this task, we searched for the relevant phraseologisms in the dictionaries and classified them. The study has revealed that lexemes denoting seasons prevail in such idioms. In a metaphoric sense, we can show these idioms as a whole life cycle: from cradle to grave. The lexeme spring stands for youth years (Der Frühling des Lebens-the spring of life), while the lexeme autumn stands for the old age (Der Herbst des Lebens- the autumn of life). In the same figurative sense, the lexeme Lebenmay refers to one day only. For instance, Leben ist ein Tag – Life is one day. This phraseologism shows the brevity of life. Metaphorical compound Lebensabend means the evening of life, that is the old age. The brevity of life is also reflected in the idiom sein letztes Stündlein hat geschlagen- ‘his last hour struck’, meaning, his life came to an end. Metaphorisation of human’s life is also common with the following lexemes: plants, travel, road, food, struggle, liquid and vessel. Thus, life is alternation of positive and negative moments. The former are often compared to light and the sun, while the latter - to shade, darkness and night. Proceeding from this life is a regular alteration of light and darkness, the sun and shade, light and dark.

A Working Lifetime of Skill and Training Needs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
And Training ◽  
Work And Life

This chapter provides an overview of the key factors shaping individuals’ skill formation challenges and options by referring to the growing literature of ‘Transitional Labour Markets’ (TLMs) that examines the changing links between work and life beyond standard employment relationships. It starts by clarifying the key problems that must be addressed for understanding the skill formation challenges and highlights the need for a life course as opposed to a life cycle framing of the issue. A short overview of the TLM approach and a brief sketch of the main challenges of skill-capacity formation over the life course in Europe follow. The bulk of the chapter then examines the key issue of how risks associated with investing in the development of individuals’ skills capacities are shared. The paper concludes by reflecting on the utility of seeing working life as being centrally concerned with lifelong learning.

Re-measuring Twenty-first Century Population Ageing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Scherbov ◽  
Warren C. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Generalization ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
First Century ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The One

Probably the most famous demographic riddle of all time is the one that the Sphinx was said to have posed to travellers outside the Greek city of Thebes: ‘Which creature walks on four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three in the evening?’ Unfortunate travellers who could not answer the riddle correctly were immediately devoured. Oedipus, fresh from killing his father, was the first to have got the answer right. The correct answer was ‘humans’. People crawl on their hands and knees as infants, walk on two feet in adulthood, and walk with a cane in old age. We easily recognize the three ages of humans. Humans are born dependent on the care of others. As they grow, their capacities and productivities generally increase, but eventually these reach a peak. After a while, capacities and productivities decline and, eventually, if they are lucky enough to survive, people become elderly, often again requiring transfers and care from others. The human life cycle is the basis of all studies of population ageing, and so we cannot begin to study population ageing without first answering the Sphinx’s riddle. However, answering the Sphinx’s riddle is not enough to get us started on a study of population ageing. We must take two more steps before we begin. First, we must recognize that not all people age at the same rate. As seen in Chapter 5, nowadays more educated people tend to have longer life expectancies than less educated people. Second, we must realize that there is no natural generalization of the Sphinx’s riddle to whole populations. Populations cannot be categorized into the stages of infancy, adulthood, and old age. Indeed, if the Sphinx was reborn today, we might find her sitting near another city and posing an equally perplexing riddle, one especially relevant for our times: ‘What can grow younger as it grows older?’ Answering this riddle correctly is the central challenge of this chapter and the key to understanding population ageing in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Romania

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-377
Author(s):  
Irina Burlacu ◽  
Sorina Soare ◽  
Daniela Vintila
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Social Provisions

Abstract This chapter examines to what extent the Romanian welfare system covers resident citizens compared to foreigners residing in Romania and Romanians living abroad. In doing so, we analyse existing social policies aiming to ensure their coverage against a variety of risks at different life-cycle stages, including unemployment, poverty, sickness and old-age. The main conclusion is that the Romanian welfare state is open to all residents, regardless of their nationality, thus providing everyone equal grounds for accessing social benefits. The criterion of residence on the Romanian soil is, however, prevalent. This implies that relatively few social provisions are extended for non-resident Romanians, which represent an increasingly sizeable community given the intensity of migration outflows in recent years. Furthermore, the Romanian social protection system has had relatively little impact on reducing the risk of poverty and income inequality in the country, despite regular amendments during the last years.

Clarification and Application of Erik Erikson's Eighth Stage of Man

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Rosel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Erik Erikson ◽  
Ego Integrity ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Wild Strawberries

Erik Erikson used the film character of Dr. Borg from Wild Strawberries to flesh out his life cycle conception of ego integrity versus despair in old age. The present application of Erikson is to three women: Augusta Turnley (fiction), Florida Scott-Maxwell, and Arie Carpenter-three distinctly different lifestyles and educational backgrounds. Both the dialectical struggle contained in Erikson's model of old age and the specific concepts of ego integrity, despair and wisdom are made concrete in this theoretical exploration.

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